Munyori weChirungu John Tolkien: biography, zvisikwa, mabhuku akaisvonaka

Ndiani Tolkien John Ronald Ruelle? Kunyange vana, uye kutanga kwevose, vanoziva kuti uyu ndiye muumbi we "Famous". MuRussia, zita rake rakave rakakurumbira zvikuru nekubudiswa kwefirimu yechitendero pahwindo. Pakati penyika yemunyori, mabasa ake akawana mbiri mukutanga pakati pema1960, apo mudzidzi wevateereri wemamiriyoni emakopi eThe Lord of the Rings akanga asina kukwana. Kwezviuru zvevaverengi vechidiki vanotaura Chirungu, nyaya ye Hobbit Frodo yakava inofarira. Basa raJohn Tolkien rakasikwa rakatengwa nekukurumidza kupfuura "Ishe weFlies" uye "The Catcher in the Rye."

Kushushikana kwe hobbit

Munguva iyi, muNew York, vana vakanga vari kumhanya-svetana nemabheji ega-voga vachiti: "Rarama kwenguva refu Frodo!", Uye vose vari mumweya uyu. Pakati pevechidiki pakanga pane mafashoni ekugadzirira mapato mumutambo weHobbit. Mhuri dzeTolkien dzakasikwa.

Asi mabhuku ayo John Tolkien akanyora haana kuverengwa kwete chete nevadzidzi. Pakati pevaya vaimuda vaiva vakadzi, ma rocket varume, uye vanyori vepop. Vanababa vakasimba vemhuri vakurukura marongerwo emakamuri eLondon.

Kutaura pamusoro paani muhupenyu chaihwo munyori wezvakanaka John Tolkien aiva, hazvisi nyore. Munyori wemabhuku echitendero iyeye aive nechokwadi chokuti upenyu hwechokwadi hwemunyori huri mumabasa ake, uye kwete muhupenyu hwehupenyu.

Childhood

Tolkien John Ronald Ruel akaberekwa muna 1892 muSouth Africa. Ikoko, maererano nehutano hwebasa racho, aiva baba vemunguva yemberi. Muna 1895, amai vake vakasiya naye kuEngland. Gore rakatevera rakauya nhau, zvichiratidza kufa kwababa vake.

Kubwinya kwaRonald (izvi ndizvo izvo munyori akadana mhuri yake neshamwari) zvakaitwa mumasango eBirmingham. Mumakore mana akatanga kuverenga. Uye makore mashomanana gare gare akawana chishuvo chisinganzwisisiki chekudzidza mitauro yekare. ChiLatin kwaRonald chaiva semimhanzi. Uye kufarira kuidzidza kunogona kufananidzwa chete nekuverenga kweanano uye nhepfenyuro yehutu. Asi, sekunge John Tolkien akazobvuma, mabhuku aya aivapo munyika musingakwanisi. Mabhuku akadaro akanga akawandisa zvokuti haana kugutsa zvaidiwa nevadzidzi vake.

Hobbies

Kuchikoro, kunze kwechiLatini neFrance, Ronald akadzidzawo chiGerman nechiGiriki. Akatanga kufarira nhoroondo yemitauro uye kufanirana kwepulolology pane kutanga, akashanyira mabhuku ezvinyorwa, akadzidza zvinyorwa zveGothic neIcelandic, uye akatotanga kuumba zvitsva. Izvo zvinonakidza, zvisingawanzo zvevechiri kuyaruka, zvakagara zvatemerwa nguva yake.

Muna 1904 amai vake vakafa. Achitenda kutarisirwa kwemutariri wemweya, Ronald akakwanisa kupfuurira zvidzidzo zvake kuOxford University. Kuziva kwake kwaiva nhoroondo yeChirungu.

Hondo

Apo hondo yakatanga, Ronald akadzidza mugore rake rapera. Uye shure kwekupfuura kwakanaka kwekuongorora kwekupedzisira, akazvipira kuhondo. Mukuru wechireta wenyika akawira mamiriyoni ehondo yakaurayiwa yeSomme, uyezve makore maviri ari muchipatara nehutano hwe "trenchy typhus."

Kudzidzisa

Mushure mehondo, akashanda pakugadzirwa kweduramazwi, akazogamuchira zita rekupurofesa weChirungu. Muna 1925, akabudisa nhoroondo yake yeimwe yezvinyorwa zvekare zveGermany, muzhizha regore rimwechete John Tolkien akakokwa kuOxford. Akanga achiri muduku zvikuru nemitemo yeyunivhesiti yakakurumbira: makore 34 chete. Zvisinei, John Tolkien, uyo ane nhoroondo yezvinyorwa zvisinganyanyi kufarira kupfuura mabhuku, akanga ane ruzivo rwoupenyu hwakawanda uye mabasa akangwara pane philology.

Bhuku rinoshamisa

Panguva ino munyori akanga asina kungochata chete, asiwo aiva nevanakomana vatatu. Usiku, apo matambudziko emhuri akapera, akaenderera mberi nebasa rakanzwisisika rakatanga mumudzidzi wevadzidzi - nhoroondo yenyika yemashiripiti. Nokufamba kwenguva, nhoroondo yacho yakazadzwa nemashoko akawanda uye John Tolkien akafunga kuti aifanira kuudza nyaya iyi kune vamwe.

Muna 1937, nyaya yenyaya ye "The Hobbit" yakabuda, ichiunza munyori iye asina kumbozivikanwa. Kuzivikanwa kwebhuku kwakange kwakakura chaizvo zvokuti vaparidzi vakakumbira munyori kuti aite sequel. Zvadaro Tolkien akatanga kushanda pachikamu chake. Asi saga yezvikamu zvitatu yakabuda kunze kwemakore gumi nemasere. Tolkien akavandudza rurimi rwake rwekugadzira hupenyu hwake hwose . The Elven dialect iri kushandiswa nhasi.

Vanyori veTolkien

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshamisa zvinoshamisa zvisikwa zvinoita sevana. Vanobatanidza kushingaira nekutsungirira, unyanzvi uye humwe nyore, kutendeseka nekunyengera. Uye zvinoshamisa, izvi zvinopa nyika inogadzirwa neTolkien, kuvimbika.

Iko protagonist yemashoko ekutanga Bilbo Baggins anogara ari panjodzi yekubuda kunze kwechamupupuri yezvakaipa zvose. Anofanira kunge akashinga uye asingazviiti. Nekubatsira kwechifananidzo ichi, Tolkien anoita seari kuudza vaverengi vake vaduku nezvemikana isina kukwana yavari. Uye imwezve chiitiko chevanhu vaTolkien vane rusununguko rwe rudo. Hobbits dzakanaka pasina vatungamiriri.

"Ishe wezvikamu"

Sei purofesa weOxford achikoshesa pfungwa dzevaverengi vemazuva ano? Ko mabhuku ake ndeapi?

Mabasa aTolkien akazvitsaurirwa kune zvisingaperi. Uye zvikamu zvechirevo ichi chinoratidzika chisingazivikanwi chakanaka uye chakaipa, basa uye kukudzwa, huru uye duku. Pakati pegadziriro iyi ndere, iyo haisi chinhu asi chiratidzo uye chiridzwa chemasimba asina simba, kureva, anenge munhu wese anorota muchivande.

Iyi nyaya panguva dzose inokosha. Munhu wose anoda simba uye anoziva kuti vanoziva nekururamisa kuti inofanira kutarisirwa sei. Vashandi uye vamwe vanhu vakangwara munhoroondo, sevanhu vanogara panguva ino vanotenda, mapenzi uye vasina kururama. Asi avo avo nhasi vanoda kuwana simba vachafanirwa kuchenjera, humwe hune humwe uye humwe humwe munhu. Uye zvichida, ichaita kuti nyika yose ifare.

Ndiwo chete mauto eTolkien anoramba rhete. Icho chiri mubasa reMunyori wemunyori weChirungu uye varwi vakashinga, nyanzvi dzisinganzwisisiki uye vese vanoziva zivo, vakanaka madzimambo akanaka uye vanyoro elves, asi pakupedzisira ivo vose vanopfugama kune hobbit iri nyore iyo inogona kuzadzisa basa rake uye haina kuedzwa nemasimba.

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, munyori akanga akakombwa nekuzivikanwa kwese, akagamuchira zita reDhigiri weLinyorwa. Tolkien akafa muna 1973, uye makore mana gare gare shanduro yekupedzisira yeThe Silmarillion yakabudiswa. Basa rakapedzwa nemwanakomana wemunyori.