Experience Torricelli: mamiriro uye kukosha

Kubvira kare, ayo kuvapo, pfungwa dzevanhu vakaedza kunzwisisa musimboti wenyika, mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa, nhoroondo yavo mavambo uye zvinozoitika muupenyu ari muchadenga. chido ichi vakanga wakadenha zvakasiyana zvachose mufananidzo wenyika panguva dzakasiyana uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika, asi muenzaniso okunze naMwari, pfungwa hondo yerima uye chiedza muna Persian cheZoroastrianism, kuti Creation uye Apocalypse muchiJudha, uye zvakawanda.

Zvisinei, utachiona chairo ndaisagona uye kwesayenzi ruzivo rwenyika anoonekwa kuva budiriro, ivo vanofunga weGirisi yekare wakakwana. Saka, chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha Dzidziso Aristotle ndiye pakatanga ari "maturo" mafungiro, azere maturo - nzvimbo apo hapana chiripo. munoparadza Pfungwa zvisinei chaiva muzivi inotyisa chakajairika, muna zvaanofunga, uye hazviiti zvakasikwa. Chokwadi, empirical data available ipapo munhu aisagona buritsa pfungwa kwakakwana Vacuum, uye nzvimbo dzose azere zvavo mhepo. Somuenzaniso, kana munhu mukaha chubhu kuedza kuridza mhepo, rusvingo rwaro uye shure. Kuti, mukati pachava kwete chete Vacuum, asiwo nzvimbo pachayo. Uye mvura pombi anogara achifumira seri pisitoni kutadzisa chinhu.

Kambani Torricelli: tsananguro

Pfungwa yokuti nyika haigoni kuva nzvimbo pasingaguti mura, yakasimba kana gaseous fuma, zvinobudirira akararama kusvikira dzazvino - nenguva pfungwa dzevanhu uye zvayakawana yesayenzi. Panguva iyoyo vanhu vari kuwana kutenda kwavo mukana rinoshanda uye ndaisagona kuziva nyika kamwe zvakare. Torricelli ruzivo, zvisinei, haana chete mugumisiro kwesainzi, asiwo mukana. Panguva yaivakwa retsime mumuzinda mumwe akakurumbira madzishe ari Medici youmambo , yakanga akacherechedza kuti mvura kuburikidza pombi zvechokwadi anosimuka kutsiva, asi chete kune mumwe pakakwirira obva arega sangano rayo. Chokwadi ichi vasingagoni vaunze kufarira kumusha ari Renaissance.

Kuti utsanangurirwe yakanyorerwa inonyatsozivikanwa panguva iyoyo (uye kunyange zvakawanda nomukurumbira nhasi) wefizikisi uye masvomhu kuti Galileo Galilei. Zvisinei, haana kuwana mhinduro zvinogamuchirika kufunga, akasarudza kushandisa imwe experimental nzira. Kuedza vakarayirwa kuti kuisa vaviri vevadzidzi vake - Torricelli uye Viviani. Interesting Zvabuda zvakabatsira wechipiri. Experience Torricelli vakafunga nzvimbo kuva girazi chubhu imwe yakawanda nemekiyuri (zviri kurema kupfuura mvura, nekuti anoratidza zvimwe yakajeka zvawanikwa navaduku mudziyo vhoriyamu) kuitira kuti hapana mhepo Zvinovhiringidza. Yokumusoro magumo rwakanamirwa, uye pasi rakavhurika yakaiswa mumukombe pamwe nemekiyuri. It Vakawana kuti nemekiyuri iri haana vazadze nzvimbo yose chubhu, kusiya imwe mari pamusoro voids. Zvisinei, ruzivo izvi empirical havana pakarepo kuwana kwavo yokungotaura kururamiswa.

tsananguro ruzivo

nokukurumidza Experience Torricelli zvikazikamwa yose Europe vakadzidza, apo masayendisiti nharo nezvokuva chiitiko ichi. Tsanangudzo chokwadi akapa Evangelista Torricelli. Sezvo namahwindo pamusoro girazi chubhu haana mhepo pamusoro mekuri, zvinonzi akatsanangura kuti kukwirira nemekiyuri mbiru iri chaizvoizvo kunorondedzerwa nendege nevezera pamusoro nemekiyuri mumukombe, zvichiita kuti aende zvakawanda regirazi chubhu. Chokutanga zvakanzi yakawanikwa experimentally nokuda mumhepo kumanikidzwa. Formula Torricelli akataura kuti kumanikidza ichi unoenderana kukwirira nemekiyuri: P = P ATM nemekiyuri. Uyezve tsvakurudzo akabata wokuFrance Blez Paskal, chinoratidzwa uwandu zvaanoda kureba shongwe mhepo regiravhiti pane imwe nguva, zvichiita vanhu kukwanisa kutsanangura ATM. kumanikidzwa.