Ferrous uye non-ferrous simbi. Kushandiswa, non-ferrous simbi. Non-ferrous nesimbi - iri ...

Metals yakatipoteredza nguva dzose uye kwose kwose. Nhasi zviri chinokosha zvakawanda zvinhu tishandise ose zuva. Just tarisa mumba apo muri, kuti kunzwisisa chii chaizvo.

Kunyange kuchikoro, tinoziva kuti zvicherwa zvose izvi zvinhu zviri mapoka mapoka maviri guru - ferrous uye nonferrous simbi. Ndeupi wavo nhengo kuboka, uye tinofanira kuwana. Ndezvipi non-ferrous nesimbi kuripo pamusoro yedu?

Chii dema simbi

By "ferrous simbi" rinoreva chikamu simbi uye zvose zvayo alloys, iyo zvino dziripo. simbi yakachena inowanikwa asi kuti chete pakutsvakurudza mumarabhoritari. Izvi ainyanya simbi.

Izvi mhando nesimbi chakaumbwa yeimwe esimbi pamwe kabhoni uye kuwedzera mamwe zvinhu izvo kupa zvichiguma simbi ehupfumi siyana hunodiwa imwe gadzira (semuenzaniso, rinobva).

Iron uye Steel

Kazhinji, iri kugadzirwa ferrous nesimbi kwakaedzwa dzakawanda mureza maitikiro: esimbi dzokubudisa yaro kurapwa mune rimwe bhomba muvira. Zvadaro simbi inotengwa, kubva vakazochinja kugamuchira chero marudzi simbi nesimbi alloys. Recent inowanzoshandiswa rinorema indasitiri. Kusiyana neizvi, non-ferrous simbi iri manyoro fuma rine ehupfumi siyanei, vari kushandiswa mune imwe nzvimbo.

The simbi sezvamunoita zvaisanganisira 93% yesimbi uye vanenge 3-5% kabhoni ndinoiitawo residual zvinhu zviri zviduku zvakawanda. Izvi zvinhu haawanzopiwi kushandiswa pakugadzira nokuti ane friability. Inogona kuonekwa zvaAtemisi mamwe zvikwepa, mavharuvhu kana mavharuvhu. Asi vazhinji bhuku anogadzirwa yenguruve simbi (90%) iri muzvikamu simbi.

The Mhando chikuru simbi, izvo zvakagadzirwa nesimbi: kabhoni uye pasi kabhoni (kuomeswa) simbi, Stainless, ferritic-Chrome, Chrome, martensite-Chrome, Chrome-vanadium-yakapambadzirwa, nickel, tungsten, molybdenum uye manganese simbi.

simbi mhangura

In yakaisvonaka chimiro, kuti chinhu periodic table iri huri pasi goko mune mari asi diki (5.5 chete%). Asi zvikuru chikamu siyana nedare ores.

Rinonyatsooneka deposits (kumucheto anodarika 30 tiririyoni matani) vari akaturikidzana pamusoro ferruginous quartzite, ane zera riri makore anopfuura mabhiriyoni maviri. Vanoparadzira kazhinji munzvimbo dzakadai North uye South America, Africa, India uye West Australia.

Chii asiri ferrous simbi

Rimwe guru boka nesimbi, kusiyana yaimbovapo, ane zvinyoronyoro ehupfumi, vanonyatsokurukura mapurasitiki, nhaka chafariz uye magetsi conductivity, ngura nemishonga, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Non-ferrous nesimbi - zita vadyi chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi zvose uye dzavo alloys, kunze resimbi. Vanogona kunzi "dzisiri ferrous nesimbi", iro chete zvakanaka.

nonferrous nesimbi vari:

- Gold, sirivha, Platinum (anokosha simbi);

- aruminiyamu, titanium, magnesium, lithium, beryllium (chiedza);

- mhangura, tini, kutungamirira, zingi, cobalt, nickel (yakanyanya);

- niobium, molybdenum, zirconium, chromium, tungsten (refractory);

- indium, gallium, thallium (akapararira);

- scandium, yttrium uye vose lanthanides (hariwanikwi);

- Radium, technetium, actinium, polonium, thorium, francium, uranium exchange uye transuranic zvinhu (radioactive).

Nhoroondo non-ferrous simbi

nesimbi Non-ferrous nhasi zvinowanzoshandiswa michina, kemikari maindasitiri, kuvaka uye dzimwe nzvimbo kugadzirwa zhinji. Nemhaka nesayenzi uye hwokugadzira mberi kukura kwebasa iri zvinhu kunoramba kuwedzera, uye simbi kugadzirwa zvemichina kuramba kuvandudza.

Nokufamba kwenguva, kushandisa asiri ferrous nesimbi ndokukura, izvo zvakazoita kuti kuwanikwa itsva zvinhu uye mazita. More uye zvakawanda akatanga kushandiswa mukurima simbi. Nechekwokutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, yaishandiswa anenge 15 madunhurirwa, uye makore chete 50 gare gare - kaviri zvakawanda. Nhasi anoshandisa yakasiyana nesimbi anopfuura 70, riri vazhinji pakati parizvino kuzivikanwa.

padanho kukura kudiwa rinorema vasiri ferrous nesimbi kwaiva kuchikonzerwa zvaidiwa hondo indasitiri (nokuti kugadzirwa zvombo), asi boka chiedza yaishandiswa Aerospace uye nzvimbo indasitiri.

Group yekare vanokudzwa massively kushandiswa kugadzira zvishongo uye nezvishongo. Mune 90s remakore rechi20 78% goridhe, 36% Platinum uye 15% yesirivha zvaishandiswa zvinangwa izvi. Kana iwe utore dzimwe nzvimbo kuti dzinoshandisa anokosha vasiri ferrous nesimbi, - wemagetsi kugadzirwa (goridhe nevanhu vari namano), kugadzirwa motokari (anenge 43% kubva Platinum), uye sirivha yave kushandiswa nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi firimu uye Photographic zvokuvakisa.

Kunyanya non-ferrous simbi

Imwe neimwe simbi boka iri rine ehupfumi izvo vanokurondedzera vakawanda achidiwa kwazviri. Rinoratidzawo kushandiswa vasiri ferrous nesimbi mumaindasitiri zhinji.

Saka, Somuenzaniso, vazhinji vavo vari dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira nokupisa kukwanisa uye chafariz conductivity, izvo anovapa kukwanisa kukurumidza haachandidi pashure Welding. Pane marapirwo izvi: kana tichishanda nesimbi akadai magnesium uye mhangura, zvinofanira reheated pakarepo asati Welding, uye panguva muitiro pachayo inofanira kutevedzerwa yakasimba tsime kupisa, saka kuti havasi haachandidi.

Chimwe maitiro chinhu ndicho zvinoderedza zvemaziso ehupfumi. Tichifunga kudiwa nokungwarira kushanda navo kuitira kudzivisa deformation.

Non-ferrous nesimbi iri kudziyisa kwacho vachishingaira kupinda maitiro pamwe magasi. Ratidza pfuma iyi titanium, molybdenum uye tantalum.

Ichi boka nesimbi anogona ichishanda kwenguva refu, asi vanofanira kuchengetedzwa kubva okisijeni, zvinoparadza simbi. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, conductors Somuenzaniso, zviri nokufukidzwa rwokudzivirira varnish. Pre simbi amenable priming nzira mbiri akaturikidzana.

ores emhangura

Izvi mhando esimbi ndicho mu "ruvara" muchikwata. simbi iri rine widest munda chikumbiro: kuvakwa, simba maindasitiri, aeronautics, mushonga, kugadzirwa inoshanda kupisa exchangers uye nevamwe vakawanda.

Places yemhangura deposits zvakare siyana. Nhasi, zvikuru wanamatira varombo yaiteverwa ores (porfirovannogo mhando) zviri kugadzirwa kuputika craters. Wezvamatongerwe makemikari chinhu kubva inopisa mhinduro iyo zvaidyapo kubva magma makamuri. zvitengeswa Large esimbi ichi iri munharaunda North uye South America.

Rumwe rudzi ores mhangura - pyrite, iri rakatorwa kubva pasi yamakungwa uye nyanza. Source - nyika Urals.

Uye rimwe tsime ores zvakadaro hombe sandstones nemhangura (Chita Oblast mu Russia, Manicaland mu Africa).

Saka, Non-ferrous nesimbi - ane zvinhu dzetsika dzemagariro kuita zvinhu zvakawanda zvinenge nesu.