Makore rokutonga Thutmose. Kukunda Thutmose

Nhoroondo muIjipiti yekare anoziva madzimambo mana ainzi Thutmose, ivo vose nhengo imwe 18 Dynasties uye akatonga mumwe pashure perimwe. Asi chinonyanya kukosha chiratidzo munhau kuruboshwe, Chokwadi, Thutmose III. Egypt akasimuka kumboitika miti kwemakore ake muhurumende. Thutmose uye Hammurabi (mambo weBhabhironi) rinowanzoshandiswa kuenzaniswa, waipa mufananidzo pakati uto dzavo danidziro uye nehasha wokumwe negwaro. Vose akawedzera miganhu ake mamiriro kwazvo, nokusingaperi inscribing mazita avo ari munhoroondo Ancient World.

Thutmose I

Paitonga Thutmose I - 1504-1492, ari BC. Iti pamusoro wayo mavambo kwakaoma, masayendisiti pfungwa kuti aiva murume hanzvadzi Amenhotep I, uye zvingangodaro kuti mwanakomana Farao Ahmose I (muvambi rechi18 dzinza). paitonga Thutmose I - ndiko kutanga kukunda, iyo yakawedzera chaizvo miganhu yeIjipiti yekare. Pakutanga kwake muna Nubia paiva kwebope. Mambo anobatanidzwa kwaro kudzvinyirira, maererano yaMakoronike yekare, iye mwoyo nepfumo rake mutungamiri vanopandukira vanhu. Nubia kunorira chose uye madzinza ose varanda. kukunda kwake South vakatamira wechitatu Cataract murwizi, uye kuchamhembe - kusvikira kuRwizi. Vakunde vachirwisa wakafumisa coffers tichiregeredza pfuma zvakabiwa uye mutero rwakabhadharwa kuna akakunda ndudzi. Izvi zvakabatsira kuti chinoshingaira kuvakwa temberi. Thutmose Ndaiva Farao vekutanga vakasiya zvikuru tombstones uye vaifarira agopfigira guva kubva mutemberi yake pamariro. The Shrine yakavakwa pave zvokuora pakavanda, izvozvo rakacherwa padombo. Muna 1881 zvakanzi vawana kuti Amai waFarao.

Direct zvizvarwa Thutmose I akafa mucheche (mbiri vanakomana uye mwanasikana), paiva nomumwe chete doch Hatshepsut. Close michato mhuri dzakanga zvakajairika, uye akamupa muwanano yake hafu-mukoma (baba vake) Thutmose II, mwanakomana ari "kwete 'mudzimai chikuru. Aiva Farao inotevera.

Thutmose II

mambo muIjipiti haisi utano hwakanaka chaizvo, saka paitonga Farao Tuthmosis II pfupi. Vamwe Egyptologists vanodavira kuti akanga pachigaro cheushe kwemakore mana chete. Zvisinei, ichi ndicho chete yokufungidzira, uye saka musi rokutonga Thutmose II, kazhinji rinoratidza anofungidzirwa 1492 po1489 BC Mugore rokutanga rokubata kwake ushe pakataurwa noutsinye kudzvinyirira yokupanduka Nubia, kana dzinza vakauraya varume vose vavakagona kuwana. Thutmose II akaita rakaramba zvose nzvimbo aizokundwa baba vake. Of Hatshepsut, aiva nevanasikana vaviri, asi mwanakomana waiva murongo, asi kuti iye wakapfuura choumambo pashure pokufa Farao.

Queen Hatshepsut

Female Farao, imwe yakakurumbira mutongi weIjipiti. matunhu ake chinzvimbo, maererano zhinji dzekare, zvinogona kuzadzisa panguva apo mitemo Thutmose I, kuti, baba vake, uye ipapo, zvichida, aiva co-mutongi wake. Izvi vakazoroorwa akabvumira kuti abvise choushe kubva muduku paFarao. Murume wake afa, iye akagadzwa regent yacho-gore 12 Thutmose III, uyewo panguva iyoyo gore uye hafu nokunyora uye vakazodzingwa naye murugare. Akava nomukurumbira pakutanga chinoshingaira kuvaka, vaichengetedza mutsika uye sayenzi, kujaira ichi uye wake stepson Thutmose III. Egypt kana rikabudirira zveupfumi asi dzakanga akapotsa akarasika nhaka kuPalestine uye Siria. Kunyange zvazvo, maererano nedzimwe mishumo, iye vaiitawo pachake dzakawanda rutsigiro rwemauto, zvarwo, vatorwa mutemo mumakore maviri adarika kwave rugare. Mambokadzi ushe anenge 22 makore. Maererano ichangobva nemashoko vakawana pashure pokudzidza kwake Amai, iye akafa ava namakore 50 kubva chirwere (kenza chiropa, pfupa namamota uye chirwere cheshuga). Kana upenyu pachahwo ari chakavakwa temberi kwevafi, zviri wakavezwa mudombo uye zvinoyemurwa pamwe pakukura uye kushongedzwa kwayo nhasi.

Thutmose III

Inotorwa paitonga Thutmose III - 1479-1425 BC Asi chokwadi, akasvika chigaro pashure pokufa naamainini vake, Hatshepsut. Chinhu chokutanga chaakaita - nayo akarayira kuparadzwa zvose nezvemafuta payo, Kudzima zita kubva masvingo, vaparadze chifananidzo. Ndezvipi zvikonzero ichi, zvakaoma kutaura izvozvi, zvichida pachedu, vanyori venhau vanofungidzira kuti izvi zvakaitwa pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu dare kwamachinda. Makore ushe Farao Tuthmosis III akacherekedza kuchinja chokwadi kuti rugare vachishingaira zvechisimba wokumwe negwaro. Mumakore apo Thutmose III mitemo, Egypt yazova rimwe remasangano rekare wehurumende.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro Portraits ari mutongi mukuru, masayendisiti anodavira kuti zvivezwa ake hazvinei ne chaiko chitarisiko. Inobva chidzidzo Amai nyanzvi vakagumisa kuti haasi wakareba kwazvo, asi nhamba kwakanga kwakarurama, simba.

Military mishandirapamwe Thutmoses III

Farao akasiyana vanoshingaira mutemo mauto, asi zvikuru chinozikamwa uye anozivikanwa zvinotevera rutsigiro:

1. First rwendo kuSiriya. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chikonzero chaiva kumukira madzinza Asian. Zvakanaka, chikonzero zvakangofanana emakore mazhinji akapfuura - hurumende inoda varanda, zvinhu, uye kuzarura nzira dzimwe kutengeserana. Kwidza kuSiriya zvikuru akasimbisa nzvimbo hurumende revaIjipiti ari Near East.
2. The pokurwa-gore 29 rokutonga Farao. Rakanga wechishanu pokurwa muAsia Minor. Somugumisiro vaIjipiti pamusoro yeFenikiya akanga akabatwa hombe kurima nzvimbo Jahi, uyo akava akasimba pfungwa.
3. Rechitanhatu uye rechinomwe rutsigiro ushe Tuthmosis III raiva gungwa. Zvikepe richipfuura muMediterranean uye tikamira kokutanga muna Zemar (ano veSiria nharaunda). Vaivavarira kuti weKedheshi nhare - chimwe chezvinhu haripindiki, okukomba kwayo rwakatora anenge mitanhatu, asi migumisiro havana kupa. VaEgipita vakapamba munharaunda uye zvakamanikidzwa kusiya kumhenderekedzo. Achidzokera kechipiri, hondo yaFarao rwaigara reFenikiya guta Ullaza.
4. Rorusere kwidza mvumo yeIjipiti pakudzorwa mune zvose yeSiriya, Palestine, Finnick. Vezvenhau dana iyi, kuchiguma muchiuto kukunda ose Thutmose III.
5. Uyezve kungofamba (9, 10, 13, maminitsi 14) vakatorwa nenguva makore 34-39 ane muchikepe Thutmoses III. Vakanga vasisiri zvaive hasha hunhu, asi vakanga zvainanga pakuchengeta kare yakakunda nendima, iyo zvino uye ipapo yokumukira.
6. Last rwendo Asia. Maererano nechinangwa zvakanga zvakawanda munhu kuri rwendo kuti vanomisa vasingadzoreki kuSiria, zvakafanana taundi peKadheshi Tunip akamira kumusoro kwazvakarerekera. Zvose nhare vakatorwa nevaIjipiti, uyo ndokukuvadza mumwe unorema akundwa achisimbisa chinzvimbo chake hurumende muSiriya neFenikiya yakareba.

All yakakunda paitonga Thutmose III nzvimbo vave kutendeuka kuIjipiti mudunhu uye nemakanzuru mamaneja magavhuna ayo. Pane zvakawanda vanhu wairatidza mutero chiratidzo chokuremekedza uye kubatana kuti mitemo yake. Kukunda Thutmose III weIjipiti ikava yakasimba chaizvo, simba simba. Hapana haizopereri Farao vakatadza kuwedzera miganhu mberi pane zvakaitwa naye.

Policy mukati mamiriro munguva Tuthmosis III

Tikaramba vanoshingaira kuvaka, sezvo kuna Queen Hatshepsut, kusanganisira kuva shongwe Karnak temberi yaJehovha yaAmun-Re pamwe obelisk. Maererano uchapupu, zvakasara pamadziro temberi uye pamakuva, Farao chaizvo-chinja murume, sevasingafungi unyanzvi. Kuwedzera kunoshamisa mano wechuru, akanga munoremekedza uye kunyange simulated nemidziyo dzevhu, zvirongwa zviri ipapo akapfuura nyanzvi dzokugadzira. On mirairo Farao muIjipiti kutorwa mhando itsva zvinomera uye mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana. Kana zvachose nyanzvi hondo, akavaka ngarava (kunyanya omusidhari kubva Libya) yakaumbwa. Thutmose III akatungamirira Ijipiti '53. Economic netsika kwemashoko ehurumende aizivikanwa makore ake nehurumende. Hammurabi uye Thutmose vakaparadzana nenguva mashomanana emakore, asi zvinoshamisa zvakafanana pakati pavo, vatongi vaviri vainge vatungamiriri kukuru, asi akadzidzawo enyika. With zita Hammurabi weBhabhironi inobatanidzwa pakukwirira kwaro, ndinosika mumamiriro mutemo, uye Thutmose III weIjipiti ikava yakasimba umambo, zvikaita pachake zvakakodzera musoro "Napoleon the Ancient World", asi kwete anongoranga, Farao akaratidza vanhu kuti akakunda ndudzi, kwete vanotochiita zvisingafungi uraya kwevanhu.

Art XVIII chigaro

Ijipiti panguva ino atora aitungamirira chinzvimbo dzakawanda, yasvika kumboitika simba, wakawedzera fluffiness zvakatipoteredza, zvipfeko uye zvishongo kwamachinda. A aitungamirira basa iri unyanzvi nguva ino kuridza Thebes - guta guru ehurumende panguva iyoyo. Mutemberi dzakavakwa panguva ino, akakura uye yakatarwa, uye mariro acho kare aparadzana kumakuva, zvakanga zvakavezwa kudzivirira zvaibiwa kwakaenderera mune kure mumipata. Mutsindo basa mapurani yekare ndiyo temberi Queen Hatshepsut.

Egyptian mumhanzi Ancient

Pane zvakawanda Bhanabhasi-reliefs unoratidza vaimbi uye zviridzwa taura pamusoro kukosha mumhanzi muupenyu vaEgipita. Zvaiita pamba, vachifambidzana siyana basa urongwa, vakawanda kupemberera, netsika midungwe. Mumazuva ari XVIII youmambo kwatova mumuzinda chapel. Huru zviridzwa: nembira, nyere, nembira, nemitengeramwa, ngoma uye SISTROM (simbi ratchet). Munguva iri XVIII youmambo yamambo mumhanzi pamwe kusimukira muchiuto, mune tambo wekutanga percussion nenyere.

Thutmose IV

Farao anotonga pamusoro 1397-1388 BC, uye zvikuru pfupi. Maererano Amai tsvakurudzo, akafa muduku. Panguva yake pachigaro choushe haisi anozivikanwa kubudirira zvikuru. Thutmose IV akaedza akawanda mishandirapamwe mauto, asi kubwinya vamutangira haana kudzokorora.

Akaratidzawo kufarira mapurani maumbirwo ayo vamutangira vaibvisa sphinx kubva sand, apedza kuvaka obelisk pakati Thutmose III.