Severomuisk tanera nhoroondo kuvaka, tsananguro, Photo

Severomuisk tanera iri muna Republic of Buryatia. Kuisa kushanda kwakaitika muna 2003. Ndiye wakarebesa njanji dzakanga dzateyiwa kuburikidza matombo Russia. Kureba 15 343 metres. Zita mugero ainzi mushure muhomba, kuburikidza iyo huru inopfuura. Maererano mwero kuoma kuvakwa uye tanera mabasa vaiona yakaomesesa munyika. Construction akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze makore makumi maviri nezvitanhatu, iye aifanira kutanga panguva apo yose yaiva upenyu matombo nzvimbo. Mamiriro ekunze yakanga yakandiomera, paavhareji tembiricha munzvimbo North-Muya muhomba zvinosiyana munzvimbo -50 Celsius. Taifanira kuuya kwete chete michina, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kuvaka dzimba matunhu uye kwezvivako kuitira kunowanzoitika upenyu vashandi.

kwasharara chigamba

Severomuisk tanera chaiva chokupedzisira pfungwa kuti kuizwi Baikal-Amur Mainline pamwechete. Pfungwa kuvaka njanji achitevedza Amur River dzakatangira Tsarist Russia, asi uwandu zviwanikwa uye basa raida kuti chirongwa, kunyange panguva ine vanofungidzira vaiva panguva iyoyo prohibitive. Pfungwa akasungirirwa mudenga, iye akamuka chaiye chimiro chete muna 1938, apo kuripisa kuchiteshi. Vashandi yokutanga vakanga vasungwa. Construction akanga akatakurwa kunze intermittently, guru pamwero uye kufamba zvavo kuna IRR yakatanga muna 70s remakore rapfuura. The kwenheyo njanji vakaenda nevazvipiri kubva pamusoro Soviet Union.

Yakaomesesa tatamuka kuti njanji akazviratidza Severomuysky Range. The Baikal mumwe wakanaka zvikuru, asi hasha nzvimbo. Rock inotungamirwa chinosanganisira girenayiti-schist matombo ari mujinga ayo dziri pakati mazitombo echando, ivo yakakwirira muhomba rinosvika 2561 mamita. On pamatombo rinenge zvinomera, tectonic inochinja mushure kudengenyeka kwenyika vasina Akaongorora kuguma, uye zvizivikanwe nemichina basa rakanga nezvimwewo. Tunneling rava zvakaoma nokuda mainjiniya uye vavaki.

Pane zvave zvirongwa zvakawanda kuti kupa negadziriso ndima nzvimbo. Kubva mapenzi kwazvo kuridza kukwira muhomba uye nokudaro kubvisa nzira zvikuru dzakaora - kurega uye kuvaka, nokuti hazvibviri. Mushure kuzengurira uye misangano, kwakasarudzwa kuenda kubudikidza muhomba. Kugadzirira ndima akatanga muna 1975, chikuru basa chakaitika muna 90s uye chete rinotevera remakore, akaiswa kushanda Severomuisk tanera. Kupera Date, kana kuti, pakupera kuvakwa - March 30, 2001, uye wokutanga chitima akatanga kufamba 5 December 2003.

Development nechirongwa

General Mugadziri chirongwa yaiva "Lenmetrogiprotrans". Maererano basa, kuvaka yakaitwa nenzira mbiri: kumadokero uye kumabvazuva maviri drifters zvikwata vaifanira kusangana mumwe. Basa rakanga kuitwa nemasangano maviri. JSC "Bamtonnelstroy" kambani mubasa rokuvaka zvivako pevhu, JSC "Nizhneangarsktransstroy" chakavakwa pamusoro-pasi hurongwa. Panguva tendero chirongwa, hapana aiziva kuti matambudziko uye zvinoshamisa nechiso. In mashandiro, zano chepakutanga rave Akave nokuvandudza kaviri basa amira nekuda avalanches uye Madhaka.

Tanera ndima akatendeuka fatalities, maererano zvinyorwa zvakasiyana kubva 30 kusvika 57 vanhu vakaurayiwa paivakwa uye nechimbichimbi apindure. In rukudzo kwavo, shongwe pamukova mugero wacho. Total nguva kuvaka kwakaedzwa zvishoma gumi motokari pasi pose, akakudziridza uye rakatangwa rakasiyana michina kuti ivhu nenzvimbo mune dzinodengenyeka pamusoro tectonic zvikanganiso nemakemikari nzira. Izvi muchiso kuvamba itsva akabatsira kugadzira sinker akabudirira kumugero kunzwisisa uye nezvimwewo ezvinhu rinovhuna girenayiti matombo.

Kuti pave nechokwadi asiri vanorega oparesheni, vashandi vaviri mumusha dzakavakwa kuti vavaki: Tunnel suo kumadokero uye kumabvazuva Severomuisk. Pari, kuitika kugarwa raiva Severomuisk apo vashandi Railways kupa tanera mabasa kurarama.

Features

Pakatanga mabasa Geological ezvinhu muhomba haina kuzivikanwa, saka ungwaru oparesheni inoitwa panguva imwe chete pakuvaka. Kuderedza ngozi, muna kufanana huru bazi chivakwa njere maberere chakatangwa. kukura kwayo kwakanga mberi huru mugero mashoma zana metres, uye akapa mashoko pamusoro mamiriro rudzi. The zvaimutambisira Bazi yakatanga panguva chinhambwe mamita 30 kubva huru chivakwa, kukura zvakakwana nokuda kwemutemo nezvitima pevhu. Nekuti ushori kumugero mukuru gwara kuti kupaza ndima, iyo hwezvekukurukurirana basa uye kufefetedza.

Kuvaka Zvivako yaiitirwa seismically kushingaira mapazi apo kudengenyeka vanosvika 9-10 pamusoro paRichter scale, ari Geological ezvinhu ndima akaratidza mana tectonic mhosva. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, nzvimbo iyi matombo kuvhuna, vakazadzwa namabwe, jecha uye mvura, avo upamhi ranged kubva 5 900. mamita. After ichi- inotanga huri kuuya mvura mari pamazana cubic meters paawa. Part of mugero ichipfuura permafrost vematunhu, nokuti kuvakwa nzvimbo izvi zvaisanganisira mvura inopisa. Chishamiso aiva kuvapo radioactive gasi Rodonaya riri ribviswe mukati menyika mugero lining panguva yayo wevasungwa katatu kupfuura bvumidzwa mwero, zvichiguma nokufumura vashandi. Tikavakudza nokuti yekutenga shoma kuti sinker vaimudana "mari rufu."

Severomuisk Buriatia tanera, maererano chirongwa, akaronga vanochera matsime ubanguranyika ose 0.5 makiromita, asi akasarudza kuderedza mutengo kushanda, avo akachera mu increments 1 kiromita. nzira iyi wokuponesa vakatendeuka njodzi dzakawanda kwakaurayisa upenyu hwevanhu, basa stoppages nokuda Madhaka, mafashamo, uye zvimwe zvinhu.

kuvaka

Severomuisk njanji tanera akapona mbiri refu kufanira kuvakwa. Wokutanga yakaitika muna 1979, apo nomubato kunyura mujecha rokurarama akamisidzana girenayiti monolith. With Fani iyi, kana asati kana shure gornorazrabotchiki akasangana. Mvura pasi kumusoro kumanikidzwa akaputsa kuburikidza padombo, vakatakura matombo, jecha, madhaka Rwako, akaparadza zvose nzira kwayo; rufu vashandi vakawanda ndikandoshamba dvadtsatitrehtonnuyu loader. basa rokudzorera zvinodiwa uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo dombo kutsemuka.

Kubvisa mhosva pokuwa iri vagadzirisane akadurura kongiri, nokuomesa rwakatora makore maviri. Panguva ino, zvakanga akaporazve gumi nenhatu zviuru matani padombo yakadhirika, yaiitisa mamwe basa kudziongorora. Somugumisiro kuongorora zvakanga yakawanikwa pemvura mudziva muruwa ndima yacho mugero. Kugadzirisa dambudziko yebongozozo mvura Rwako zvaida itsva mhinduro ine yakafanana chakajairika munyika uye hapana ati akasangana.

resumption basa

Kusimbisa mhosva nzvimbo akatakurwa kunze kushandisa makemikari grouting, romukati lining pamusoro mugero akatakura simbi Tubing, simbi zvivako. Pamusoro ichi wakadururwa mamwe cladding rukoko nekongiri kwakavandudza mvura uye kupa zvakawedzera kutsigira kwedenga iri mugero. Saka dzinonetsa mazano mapazi makagamuchira akaturikidzana dzakawanda "zvikwepa" kuvakwa uye kutamira tisingatungamirirwi mumwe. The zvizivikanwe nemichina mapazi nayo anowedzera padanho kuchengeteka uye chivakwa isimbe.

The richangobva zvakatanga kunyura 1981, ichi vaifanira kupaza chesamende chivhariso. Munguva mberi kupfuura zvose dzakaonekwa zvikanganiso vakazadzwa kongiri kuburikidza akachera tote miseve. Kushanda rimwe basa kukoka wokumwe, nyanzvi dzokununura kubva munyika - hapana akabvuma. Kana kuvaka yaishandiswa zvikuru michina yemhando yepamusoro nguva kubva kuJapan, USA, Germany. Nyanzvi vatorwa makambani, vanoziva mamiriro ezvinhu, mupe chimwe chete chakagadzirwa zano - mapfumo uye kutanga kumwewo. Kuti pave nechokwadi kuramba kushanda kunodiwa midziyo delivery, Dump uye kubviswa dombo vaida vakatsigira, sezvo zvakava pachena kuti kuvakwa zvichabviswa kunonoka nokusingaperi.

yokunzvenga mutopota

Severomuisk asati akatanga kuvaka mugero, pakanga atova mugwagwa kuti bypasses kuti muhomba. Practice yaratidza kuti haisi akakodzera chaizvo kushandiswa munharaunda utsinye atanga, saka kwakasarudzwa kuvaka itsva yokunzvenga mugwagwa muna 1984. To musi, hachisi zvishoma rakasiyana chivako kupfuura mugero. vashanyi vakawanda makwai kuti muhomba kutsvaga mukana kutyaira mumugwagwa. Vari vanoedzwa yevedza maonero uye mukare miti, iro mazambuko kuenda.

Highway mhepo unomonereka ichipfuura ramazambuko nevanhu uye viaducts. Mumwe wavo, ainzi "Dhiyabhorosi Bridge", akaisa kuburikidza Itykit rwizi ane pamawere dzokai uye, maererano zvapupu, zvishoma dzakazungunuka panguva iri ndima monica sezvamunoita. Kureba mugwagwa uri 64 km ayo nzira mutakurwi anosuwa maviri loop serin'i tanera, ndakagadza mukati padombo. Magistral rinoshandiswa zvakafanana pamwe nokushanda mugero, achibvumira vamwe kufamba mitoro nezvitima. Kurongwa zvakawanda vachishingaira Anorovedza kupfuura ari chiitiko kuwedzera njanji motokari pamusoro Baikal-Amur Mainline.

Kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza isingadariki 20 km / h, yakatenuka mune dzimwe nzvimbo ndiyo 40% kuti mberi kune mawere zvikamu anoshandisa okuwedzera locomotive. Pari mumwe yokunzvenga mugwagwa inoshandiswa basa nezvitima yokuzvigadzirisa uye kugadziriswa. The kuvakwa muna 1989, mugwagwa raishandiswa mutakurwi chokufambisa uye chivakwa kusvikira yakavakwa Severomuisk tanera. Photo of zambuko uye nharaunda dzakatorwa kubva nemahwindo motokari, zvinotevera pamusoro yokunzvenga mumugwagwa, zvinonakidza runako uye kupa njere extremality kuvakwa.

Gold bhakoro

Mhanyai njanji kutaurirana zvakazara kutarisirwa ose IRR. Severomuisk tanera ne 1999 kusvika kuronda. Between zvikwata munzira kuenda kunyura akananga mumwe, paiva mamita 160 chete. Pakarepo dombo akadonha uye basa rokuvaka iri nzvimbo aifanira chinenge kutanga kubva muvare, vakatora inoverengeka.

Kuita drifters zvikwata, vanonzi yendarama sboyka yakaitika March 30, 2001. Tunneling akatungamirira maviri brigades tanera vavaki vachitungamirirwa V. Kazeeva Gatsenko uye zvokufananidzira kiyi mugero vave mumaoko gurukota Transport. Connection pakati penhindi maviri mugero kwakaitika pane imwe kudzika 300 metres, Kutsauka namasanhu ari maoko maviri akagadzirwa 69 mm ari chinjikira ndege uye hunyambiri kukanganisa pamwe aiva 36 mm. Raiva yakanakisisa zuva rose, uyo akavaka IRR. Severomuisk tanera akaiswa kushanda chete muna 2003, yakanga vakatumidza "yendarama bhakoro" pamusoro Bam, izvo akapedza mukuru chivakwa.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Makore makumi maviri-matatu kuvakwa ikava kukunda, zvakawanikwa, michina mitsva. Dzimwe nguva zvaiita kuti basa racho kumboziva, asi, pasinei nematambudziko ose, kuti Baikal-Amur Mainline anounza zveupfumi uye enyika zvikomborero munyika, kwokupedzisira kubatana pfungwa yazova dzakasiyana Severomuisk mugero. Photos Zvivako kunoshamisa nesimba rayo, grandiosity uye anounza kunzwa kuzvikudza.

Facts okuvaka:

• The zvachose Kureba mugero Severomuisk - dzinopfuura 15 makiromita, pamwe goho pamusoro womukati urefu 45 makiromita.
• Panguva yaivakwa, paiva matani anopfuura mamiriyoni maviri ivhu.
• Used vanopfuura zviuru 700 cubic metres nekongiri.
• It iiswe vanopfuura zviuru 70 matani simbi.
• Mugero lining iiswe kupfuura-55 zviuru chakakandirwa-yesimbi Tubing.
• Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana mune pakuvaka mugero vakanga basa 6 zvikwata ane zvachose mudonzvo vanhu 8.000.
• Kuvaka mugero arasikirwe chefuma vanenge mabhiriyoni 9 rubles.
• Severomuisk tanera pana IRR ari kunyura ari 67 mativi mamita.
• Kurimwa pezvakaitwa kushandiswa zvinopfuura 850 yeWatchtower dzakabatana.
• Sheathing of mugero chinosanganisira vaviri, uye munzvimbo zvinokanganiswa vatatu akazvimiririra zvivako, iyo inosimbisa yakachengeteka mune seismically kushingaira wenyika.
• Avimbiswa upenyu basa kwemakore 100, nyanzvi vanobvuma kuti chokutanga overhaul guru kunodiwa kwete yapfuura pane makore 50 pashure kanda.
• APCS Severomuisk tanera achibvumira-chaicho nguva Tracking ari mamiriro enyika microclimate mukati nemamiriro, padanho nemwaranzi, kufamba nezvitima uye zvimwewo basa.

Nokuti vazhinji nzvimbo engineering, kemisitiri, migodhi uye kuvaka nzvimbo inoshandiswa pakutsigira zvigadzirwa vakava Severomuisk tanera. Nzira akaedza kupinda ose anozivikanwa panguva, vaivawo yakagadzirwa imwe nzira itsva zvachose, iyo akava yepamusoro utsanzi wokuRussia nesayenzi. Dambudziko huru mukushanda mugero wacho ndiwo paumbwe chando, izvi zvaitika zvinenge gore kumativi uye kupfura pasi kuumbwa chando kuti manually.

ukoshi

Kumhanya asiri vanorega kwebasa Baikal-Amur Mainline akapa Severomuisk tanera. History of kuvaka ine makore makumi matanhatu navaviri nguva muupenyu ehurumende. Huro mugero akaderedza nguva nezvitima vanopfuura katanhatu. Zvino zvinotora maminitsi 25 chete, uye dzimwe yokupoterera nzira chitima vakaenda maawa 2,5. Nokushanda zvakananga uye zvisina njodzi nzira akabvumira kuramba miviri locomotive traction, izvo zvaifanira kushandiswa pamatunhu nzira. The kuchengeteka pamwero kwakawedzera substantially: ne-kupfuura mugwagwa mhepo pakati pezvikomo, apo zviri kuramba aripo ngozi avalanches.

Cargo motokari pamusoro Baikal-Amur Mainline yakawedzera 35%, asi kukura mwero yainorongwa kuwedzera mumakore nokuuya paavhareji 30% pagore. It akakwanisa kuburutsa Trans-Siberian Railway, kudzipa chekubuda motokari. Kuwedzera makomborero kwoupfumi, wokuRussia yakahwina wechipiri mbudo kuna Pacific Ocean, kuchiteshi kwezvivako yave kuwedzerwa yakavimbika uye mutengo-inobudirira achitungamirirwa pakufamba. Kusvika panguva mugero rinopfuura 14-16 nhumbi nezvitima pazuva.

dzora hurongwa

PCS Severomuisk tanera - shoko idzva iri kuongorora uye kurapa Micro-okunze mukati meimba. Inoitwa nhanho mbiri dzokudzora, chimwe nechimwe anoita yakanatsa basa iri kudzora, club, kuchengeta mashoko ose rwokugadzira mano zvivako. Uyewo, imwe zvoga muitiro kudzora mamiriro (PCS) kunovimbisa nokushanda mugero kutaurirana.

Real-nguva Tracking dzedenga mamiriro kuzvidzora rinoitwa abudise Pasi Pevhu, monitors mamiriro zvose kuvakwa enyika. Aiwanzopiwa wokushanda pamwe otomatiki Tracking hurongwa kuti murindi Climate akamira pagedhi gantry. Vane yakazaruka chete nokuda ndima chitima, zvakasimba kuchengetedza mhepo mukati mugero kubva hypothermia, asi panyaya zviitiko zvisingafanoonekwi, kuti locomotive anogona kuchivabudisa pasina dambudziko kukuvadzwa yose marongerwo.

Kuvaka North-tanera wakabatsira kuita zvimwe zvinowanikwa nesayenzi, kuumba nekuita nemamwe ruzivo, nemamwe munyika imomo. Experience akawana panguva kutyaira, ndizvo nemufaro. The kuvaka rakagadzirirwa imwe-nzira motokari, kuvakwa mumwe akafanana tanera vaiona remangwana kure.