Apo iye aigara mhuri Ermak? Apo iye rikanyuramo Ermak?

The kukunda kweSiberia kubudikidza Yermak - chiri chiito umo kwayo zvezvinotaurwa angaenzaniswa chete kukunda America ne Hernán Cortés. Zvisinei, kana yakakurumbira Spanish wevarwi, unogona kuwana zvizhinji oupenyu mashoko pamusoro upenyu Russian jinda vanoziva zvishoma zvinhu, uye kuti zviri zvikuru nharo.

nzvimbo yechizvarirwo Ermak

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, kukunda kuSiberia paiva muzana remakore rechi16. Zvinosuruvarisa, panguva chiitiko chakadai sorusvava mumhuri murimi mudiki, kazhinji haana kuwanikwa chero inonzi kufungisisa. Hazvishamisi kuti nhasi hazvibviri kupa mhinduro chaiwo wokuti: "kupi mhuri Ermak akararama panguva yokuzvarwa?" Mamwe mashoko panyaya iyi iri Cherepanovsky zvinyorwa, iyo inorondedzera sei remangwana jinda sekuru chakabatsira Murom "akashinga vanhu", nokuti icho akaiswa mujeri, uye mhuri yake vakagara Estates Stroganoff. Zvisinei, vaongorori vakawanda havadi kuvimba chinyorwa ichi, kunyanya sezvo rinowanika vanyori ane ruzivo coachman kubva Tobolsk Ilya Cherepanov. Rimwe gwaro - "The zvakaedza kuSiberia Land" - sezvo nzvimbo mhuri akararama Ermak refu asati aberekwa, rinoratidza Suzdal. Uyezve, muna yaMakoronike haazvibatanidzi kuti sekuru vake nevanakomana vake, mumwe ainzi Timoti, akatamira Yuryevets-Povolsky, apo akanga vazukuru vashanu, kusanganisira Basil. Sezvinotaurwa mu "Legend", ndiwo mukomana uyu pashure aizova mukundi kweSiberia.

Pomeranian shanduro kwakabva Ataman

Vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti mubvunzo kuti apo mhuri yaigara Ermak, anofanira akapindura: "Mumusha Borok Arkhangelsk Region". Nokuti shanduro iyi zita chairo nejinda raiva Ermolai kana Yermil, uye ane kuna Volga, kuedza kunzvenga nzara kuti rakazara Russian North. Pane jaya akapinda "chury" (mushandi-squire) kusvika vakwegura Cossack, uye kubvira 1563 vakatanga kuenda musasa.

Life pamberi Ermak Siberian nzendo

Mashoko dzechokwadi chete chokuita Biography jinda asati chitarisiko chake panguva Stroganov nyika - ndivo ndangariro pamwe-Cossacks. Kunyanya, mhare maviri vacho vakapedza pwere dzavo basa Volga mumisha pasi mukundi kweSiberia. Saka, mubvunzo kwaaigara Ermak anenge 1565, zvinogona akapindura, kuti akanga ari Volga nharaunda uye atova mutungamiri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunyange akanga asina isingasviki makore 20. More ruzivo pamusoro zvakapembererwa zvombo akachengetedzwa Ermak. Somuenzaniso, imwe tsamba kubva Commandant of Lithuanian guta Mogilev King Stefan Batory unogona kuona kuti aiitawo ari wokuLivonia War sechipiriso Cossack refutenendi uye akazvisiyanisa panguva yokukombwa nhare Mogilev. Gare gare, chikwata chake chakabatsira Khvorostinin kumisa kufambira mberi kwemashoko yeSweden. Kana kuti mudzimai nevana Ermak aivapo, ipapo hapana kutaurwa nezvavo haawaniki chero kupi.

Ermak Stroganoff

Muna 1582, vatengesi vakakurumbira Stroganov akakokwa basa Cossack bhurigedhi, zvinosanganisira 540 Cossacks. mutungamiri wavo aiva jinda Ermak, izvo kunyange akanga mbiri somurwi asingatyi uye shasha wavarwi. Chinangwa Stroganoff raiva vadzivirire nyika yavo kubva kakawanda aizotambudzazve nevarwi Siberian Khan Kuchum. Mauto akasvika Chusovskye maguta muzhizha 1582 uye vakagarapo kusvikira September, uye ipapo vakaenda kundorwa nokuda bhandi ibwe, mumazuva iwayo yainzi Mountains Ural. Pane zvinyorwa kuti Stroganoff "vakanga akazarura mukova zvevarwi matura avo," uye akapa ose anodiwa kuti kwidza.

The kukunda kweSiberia

Sezvo hondo Motokari Ermak Struga kushandiswa. Vose Cossacks vaiva 80 zvikepe kuti kwidza pakati 840 vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana. Mushure achifumira kuburikidza mvura kupfuura Tagil, Ermak akamanikidzwa hakumbofi pamwe pasi Struga Zheravlya kudhonzwa kurwizi uye ipapo kuenda Tobol, pamahombekombe iyo hondo kwakaitika pamwe wakisi Siberian Khan Kuchum. Zvaakanga akunda hondo, asi Cossacks akakunda guta Kashlyk. Zvadaro kukotamira kuna Ermak akatanga kusvika vamiririri zvizvarwa zvemo, iyo Ataman "akasangana nomutsa" uye kumanikidzwa kupika kuvimbika kuRussia chamber. Muna 1582 akatumirwa Ivanu Groznomu mumwe vavo nemashoko akanaka kukunda kweSiberia. Mambo akafara nhau uye akatuma Yermak vapfumi zvipo uye varume 300 uto kuti kununurwa. Yokuzviparadzanisa akasvika kuSiberia mumatsutso 1583. Zvisinei, panguva ino rombo kutsauka nejinda vakawanda ayo vatungamiri vakaurayiwa hondo pamwe Tatars.

kuti akaudza Cossacks: Ermak rikanyuramo kupi

Panguva rufu rwake, jinda akakurumbira akanga atova nokururamisira aizivikanwa munhu, saka makore mashomanana pashure muhondo yokupedzisira pamwe hondo Cossacks Kuchum kubudikidza sezvakarayirwa Bhishopi Mukuru Tobolsk Kipriyano icho uye akabvunza vasara rinobatanidza Ermak. Uyezve, kupa uchapupu uye Tatars airwa hondo Khan.

Kana sangana zvose zvinobatanidzwa yapuwa zvakaona, mufananidzo inotevera hunobuda: hondo yokupedzisira kwakaitika pommel Vagayskoy apo Cossacks musasa. Vanoisa "machira" palatki- pamahombekombe ari Irtysh River, kwete kure mapadza avo, iyo murwi mumwe nomumwe aiva nzvimbo yayo uye ayo helmsman. Usiku ihwohwo, dutu yakatanga, uye saka yokuzviparadzanisa Kuchum akakwanisa kushamisika nazvo. Pasinei neizvi ruzhinji Cossacks aigona kuva ngarava dzavo uye nechikepe. Uyezve gakava kutanga mashoko akanyorwa. Zvikurukuru mune gwaro kwokutanga, akanyorwa pamashoko pevachapona magamba mauto Ermak, akaratidza kuti vakanga uchiushanyirai achizviti jinda uye akakanda diki tsama shamwari, uye pachavo akasiya pachimiro kurwa musi Strugi. Quite mamwe mashoko huri muzvinyorwa sinodialnoy kuti madhikoni vaiva kunopera, uye ipapo unogona kuverenga nezvazvo kuti vose Cossacks akatora rufu pamwe Ermak, uye chete vatiza uye akataura pamusoro kukundwa vari yokuzviparadzanisa.

rufu Ermak pamwe nemashoko Tatars

The dzinonakidza zvikuru ndechokuti mashoko pamusoro nejinda akafa mafungu panguva Irtysh Vagayskoy uta rinowanikwa chete ari akarekodwa kubva pamashoko Tatars. Zvikurukuru, vazhinji masoja vaimbova Khan Kuchum akapikisa kuti Ermak achiri vakakunda kumurwisa kuedza nechikepe Cossack ngarava rikanyura. Muchiitiko chino, hapana zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti panguva iyoyo iri Ataman nhumbi dzokurwa.

Legends romutungamiriri kweSiberia

Sezvo upenyu uye rufu jinda guru remakore rapfuura awana zvizhinji ngano. Somuenzaniso, mumwe ngano dzataurwa akadzima mudzimai Ermak. Sezvinotaurwa muna Cossack tsika, kamwe chete Tatar Murza Sargachskoy yeko, achida kuwana ushamwari Ermak, vakauya naye kuna kumisasa akanaka mwanasikana wake, uye aida kutora mukadzi wake. Asi Ataman rairamba uye akatuma kumba. Kunze, vose anoziva nyaya neketani tsamba, inonzi vakapa Ermaku Ivan vanotyisa uye akava chinokonzera rufu gamba. Maererano nedzimwe venhoroondo, kunyange kana jinda yaiva pasi Irtysh River nokuda rinorema zvombo, vaisagona kuva chipo mambo.

History - bhuku handingatongogumburwi kunyorwa kusvikira pakuguma. Uyezve, rine zvakawanda mapeji chena kuti anogona kuzadza munhu akangwarira mutsvakurudzi. Vanogona rimwe zuva kukwanisa kuziva apo mhuri yaigara Ermak, kana vachakwanisa kutiudza zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinhu maererano nezvezvisikwa gamba renyika kweRussia, uyo akakunda nokuda kwake Motherland guru expanses kweSiberia.