Vatungamiri Socialist-kuipandukira, zvirongwa, nzira okutambura. Ndiani aiva mutungamiriri Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs)?

Pakutanga XX remakore mu Russia motley kaleidoscope yomunyika enyika zviitiko kanoda inogarwa Socialist-Revolutionary Party, kana, sezvo dzinonzi, yeGutsaruzhinji-kuipandukira. Pasinei chokwadi kuti 1917 ivo vakaverengwa sezvamunoita dzavo vanhu miriyoni pamusoro, vakatadza kuziva pfungwa dzavo. Naizvozvo, vakuru SRs dzakawanda dzakaguma mazuva avo vari nhapwa, uye vaya vasingadi kusiya Russia, akawira pasi utsinye vhiri kuti paitonga Stalin udzvanyiriri.

Development of yokungotaura kuumbwa

Viktor Chernov - mutungamiri Social Revolutionary Party - waiva munyori purogiramu, yakatanga kubudiswa muna 1907 mupepanhau "Revolutionary Russia". Zvinonzi uchifungidzira akaisa nhamba wokuRussia uye vatorwa Classics ose mugovanisi pfungwa. Mune kushanda mapepa, kuchinja kuti nguva yose ariko bato, chirongwa ichi rakagamuchirwa pakutanga bato Congress, yakaitirwa 1906.

Kare, kuti SRs vaiva vateveri populists uye, sezvo vakaparidza munyika yezwi gutsaruzhinji nenzira murunyararo, pasina dzichidzidzisa capitalist Danho okukura. In chirongwa chake, vakaisa mberi tarisiro kuvaka democratic mugovanisi munzanga chikuru basa rakanga reDare vashandi zvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa nemasangano pamwe. Utungamiri hwake vanorovedzwa Paramende uye zviremera zvemo.

Dzinokosha yekuvaka vanhu itsva

Vatungamiri Socialist-kuipandukira mukutanga remakore rechi20 vaidavira kuti ramangwana kwenzanga zvinofanira nheyo pahwaro socialization zvokurima. Maererano navo, zvichava kutanga kuvaka kwayo mumusha uye ichasanganisira zvikurukuru kurambidza pachake munyika, asi kwete nationalization kwayo, asi kungotaura kushandurira kupinda paruzhinji muridzi, chete kodzero kutengeswa. Kurasa chinofanira kuva kanzuru yeko, yakavakwa pamusoro democratic hwaro, uye mubayiro vachaitwa kunoparirwa maererano mupiro chaiyo mushandi mumwe kana ane chikwata yose.

Mukuru zvimiso pakuvaka ramangwana mugovanisi muvanhu, vatungamiriri Socialist-Revolutionary vakatenda gutsaruzhinji uye rusununguko enyika kwose kuratidzwa kwayo. Kana Russian nehurumende hurongwa, AKP nhengo dzaiva vatsigiri munhu batana chimiro. Uyewo chimwe chezvinhu zvinodiwa ari mufananidzo Proportional pakati zvikamu zvose vokuparidzira iri kusarudzwa miviri uye vatungamirire mutemo munyika.

Create pati

First bato SRs sero rakaumbwa muna 1894 muna Saratov uye yaiva pedyo nevanhu dzemo boka People. Vakati kubviswa, asi Socialist-kuipandukira vakatanga yakazvimirira basa. Rakanga kunyanya kukura mapurogiramu avo uye kugadzirwa mapepa akadhindwa uye mabhurocha. Akatungamirira basa denderedzwa iri mutungamiriri Socialist-kuipandukira (SRs) makore iwayo A. Argun.

Kwemakore, sangano ravo dzawana kukura, uye kuguma nineties muchitokisi chake akaonekwa mumaguta makuru akawanda. Pakutanga kwezana remakore idzva aizivikanwa vanoverengeka STRUCTURAL kuchinja murwiyo veboka. Kuvakwa matavi aro kuzvimirira, akadai "Party South SR" uye vakasikwa kuchamhembe mudunhu Russia "Socialist Union". With nguva, ivo akabatanidzwa pamwechete nechepakati sangano, ndinosika chivakwa simba kuti anokwanisa kugadzirisa nyika dambudziko. Mumakore aya, mutungamiri Socialist-kuipandukira (SRs) raiva V.Chernov.

Chinotyisa senzira "ramangwana rakajeka"

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinoumba bato raiva dzavo "Combat Organization", kutanga vakazivisa pacharo muna 1902. Chokutanga akuvara waiva gurukota Affairs Internal. Kubvira ipapo pane echimurenga nzira kune "ramangwana rakajeka" norupo ensanguine enyika vavengi. Magandanga, kunyange zvazvo nhengo SDP, vakanga vari zvachose zvionera uye akazvimirira nzvimbo.

The Central Committee, achinongedza ake inotevera akuvara, chete raireva zvinotarisirwa nguva vaurayiwe, vachisiya Mauto rakazara yesangano rusununguko chiito. Vatungamiri zvikuru kuvanza zviri mugove vaiva Gershuni uye zvadaro akafumura provocateur, chakavanzika mutumwa epachivande Azef.

SRs nemafungiro zvakaitika 1905

Kana nyika yakatanga Russian Revolution rokutanga, vatungamiriri Socialist-Revolutionary vakaita kwaari shora chaizvo. Mukuona kwavo, kwakanga kusino Bourgeois kana mugovanisi, uye rudzi nhume pakati zviviri. Yezwi gutsaruzhinji, vaitaura, yaifanira mumatanho nenzira murunyararo, uye achidzinga simba kunogona chete kuva mubatanidzwa miduku yokuruwa, uyo akapa kutungamirira chinzvimbo, uyewo proletariat uye kushanda vakadzidza. The mukuru zvemitemo muviri, maererano Socialist-kuipandukira, aizova Assembly Constituent. vakasarudza okuti "Land uye Rusununguko" Yake sirogani enyika.

Kubva 1904 kusvika 1907 bato kuitwa zvakawanda anoparadzirwa uye nokusagadzikana basa. Yakabereka mabhuku zvemitemo, izvo vaiendeswa avo pamisara zvakatonyanya nhengo. "Combat Organization" rinoreva pokufa magandanga boka zvakafanana nguva. Kubvira ipapo, basa Mauto inofambidzana decentralized, nhamba yavo kunowedzera zvinokosha, uye panguva imwe chete kuva kakawanda, uye enyika vakaurayirwa chigaro. The loudest vavo mumakore iwayo akanga kuputika murairidzi of Moscow meya vakaita I. Kaliayev. In nhamba iyi nguva pane 233 kwemagandanga.

Nokusawirirana mubato

Munguva imwe chete anotanga pfungwa yokuzvimiririra kubva dzebato kuzvimirira zvivako, akaumba enyika akazvimirira sangano. Izvi vakazoroorwa zvakatungamirira musengwa simba uye pakupedzisira akaita kuparara. Kunyange panhengo Central Committee akanga kusawirirana zvakakomba. Somuenzaniso, inozivikanwa mutungamiriri Socialist-kuipandukira muna 1905 Savinkov aronga, pasinei wamambo Manifesto, zvaakapiwa vagari vamwe rusununguko, simbisa kutya uye mumwe mufananidzo vakakurumbira bato - Azef - vakasimbirira ayo kugumiswa.

Hondo Yenyika Rokutanga, vari kutungamira bato rakava pachena munguva inonzi internationalist, vachitsigirwa kushandisa vamiririri bapiro kuruboshwe.

Characteristically, mutungamiri Left Socialist-kuipandukira - Maria Spiridonov - takazobatana ari Bolsheviks. Panguva iyo February Revolution, Social kuipandukira, akapinda chete chairema pamwe Mensheviks-defencists akava kupfuura veboka nguva. Vaiva mufananidzo kuwanda zvokungoitawo hurumende. Vatungamiriri vazhinji SRs apinda mariri kutungamirira nzvimbo. Zvakakwana kutaura mazita akadai Alexander Kerensky, Chernov, N. Avksentiev nevamwe.

Pakurwisana Bolsheviks

Nechekare muna October 1917, SRs akapinda rokubvisa nhaurwa pamwe Bolsheviks. In nyaya yake kuvanhu Russia vanonzi vakaita wokupedzisira zvombo kupambwa simba kupenga uye mhosva. Nhume pakati Socialist-kuipandukira vari kutsutsumwa akasiya yechirongwa of II Congress of vokuSoviet. Vakanga kunyange hwakaronga komiti rokuponesa nyika uye hurumende, iyo inotungamirirwa inonyatsozivikanwa mutungamiriri Socialist-kuipandukira (SRs) nezvenguva Abhuramu Gotz.

At sarudzo All-Russian, ungano constituent Socialist-kuipandukira akagamuchira kupfuura mavhoti uye akasarudzwa sachigaro zvachose mutungamiriri Socialist-Revolutionary Party mu mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 - Victor Chernov. Party Council ave kuziva hondo Bolshevism sechinhu chokutanga uye yokukurumidzira, izvo rakatangwa panguva Civil War.

Zvisinei, mumwe tichizeza zvavakaita kwaiva mhaka kukundwa uye kusungwa. Kunyanya yakawanda nhengo AKP akazviratidza shure nembariro muna 1919. Somugumisiro intra-party kusawirirana akaramba kuparadzana dzaro pamisara. Muenzaniso kusikwa muUkraine yawo kuzvimirira Socialist-Revolutionary Party.

Kupera AKP basa

Mukutanga 1920, zvichava vanodimbura mabasa ayo ari Party Central Committee, uye gore papera kwakaitika mutoo umo vakawanda nhengo dzayo dzakanga nemhosva "Anti-National mabasa". A mutungamiri akakurumbira Socialist-kuipandukira (SRs) akanga ari makore iwayo, Vladimir Richter. Akasungwa papera mamwe masoja ake.

Maererano mutongo wedare akapfurwa kuva muvengi vanhu zvikuru ngozi. Muna 1923, ivo Socialist-Revolutionary Party rave kushanda havasisipo munyika yedu. Kwechinguva vakaramba ishande nhengo dzayo chete, vaiva nhapwa.