Ndiani akazogadzira chinongedzo: mhinduro kunzwisisa kuti mubvunzo uri nyore.

Tinopa iwe zvokufungidzira chirabwe:

Haufaniri kuwana yakarasika mumugwagwa,

Akabata bhokisi rine simba rinonzi magnetic tsono pamusoro muchanza.

harizovi kudzima nzira

Zvino chinoita kuti kuenda.

Unogona kufungidzira nyore, Chokwadi, kuti izvi - chinongedzo. Izvi yakagadzirwa huru, iyo kodzero ndezvaiye muchikwata mana avakuru zvigadzirwa evanhu, akachengetedzwa uye kushandiswa nhasi. Kambasi wokutanga wekushandisa mudziyo, izvo zvakabatsira navigators kufamba yakakwirira makungwa.

Musimboti sechivako chinongedzo - a rinobva tsono, akatasva mugodhi diki uye anokwanisa tenderera takasununguka kwose kwose. Museve hunoratidza kuti North rinobva danda. Maererano ayo nzvimbo pamepu iri nezvimwe zvinhu zviri panyika. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, shandisa kambasi kuti kuMabvazuva kwete chete pane mvura asiwo munyika.

Mubvunzo apo chinongedzo yagadzirwa uye ndiani akatanga chinongedzo, mhinduro chaiyo hazvina basa. Kwenguva yakareba, asi zvaifungwa kuti kuwanikwa kwakavakirwa simbi magnetized mirayiridzo, ndohwavo China. Compass mufananidzo pakutanga kushandiswa zvevhiki apo motokari murenje. Ukuru yakagadzirwa uye mudziyo umo nyika akazogadzira chinongedzo, akadenha maIndia, kuItaly, maArab, French. In zvose zvaitaurwa uye uchapupu nechipo mashoko okuti, kusabvumirana. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti achiripo kutonga, zvinyorwa izvi zvakawanikwa ndiyo chete mharidzo remasayendisiti uye zvekungofungira pamusoro ndiani akazogadzira chinongedzo uye kwete uchapupu kuvafambisi vengarava.

Muzana remakore rechitatu BC, paitova tsananguro chinongedzo, iyo ndowenyika Chinese musayendisiti Hen Fei Tzu yokutanga. Yakanga akafanana yakabwinyiswa chipunu pamwe mubato, izvo akaiswa pamusoro ndiro yamatanda kana mhangura. On chiedza mutungamiriri ndiro kunge kuzivikanwa. Achiisa munhu aidya chipunu magnetite kuti batanidza asingadi kubata ndege, kwakatanga tenderera. Kurutivi chiedza akanongedza dzinde pashure yakazvimirira kuamisa chakaratidza rwezasi.

Pane Chinese nengano uyo akazogadzira nekambasi. Paitonga mutongi Huang Di aiva hondo huru, umo mweya wakaipa tichibatsirwa mashiripiti kusunungura gobvu bvungapfunga. Panzvimbo ino, varwi kugona kurwa; havana kugona kuona chinhu rakamupoteredza, haana kunzwisisa kupi rwemberi uye mberi apo. Muvengi pakarepo kuoneka kubva mhute ndokukuvadza chinouraya nokurova. Zvinhu zvakanga anosiririsa zvikuru. mumwe chete mukuru mukuru ainzi Feng-Hou akanga agere mungoro yake, uye kufunga. Akanga kutsvaka nzira kubva izvi. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kukwira chinhu yaizobatsira kufamba akananga chiedza. Murume akanga akachenjera zvikuru. Under nokuomba kuhondo iye ngoro zvechinyakare ndimushandure mufananidzo murume muduku simbi, uyo nguva dzose akanongedzera rwake rwakatambanudzwa rwezasi, kunyange zvazvo madzoro apo ngoro. Feng Hou uye anonzi yezvechitendero pamusoro muvambi wokutanga nekambasi.

A rinobva mudziyo nokuda Kutsunga rwemberi chiedza masikati yakatanga kutaurwa nenzira Chinese bhuku yomusi 1044 gore. makore 44 zvishoma hwakavandudzika kambasi anorondedzerwa basa rake Chinese musayendisiti Shen Ko. Pari, shanduro iyi kuti vanotanga chinongedzo rokutanga vaiva chete Chinese kubvunza. Hapana mubvunzo mumwe - the Chinese mawana panheyo nekambasi pakati wokutanga. Muzana XI remakore kumashure the Chinese zvikepe vatovapo nekambasi.

Europe zvakazivikanwa kuziva inoshamisa kuvamba, nemhaka Arab vatengesi pakutanga XXII remakore. Atova XI remakore pamusoro zvikepe zvose vatengesi - maArab vane compasses. Ipapo chinongedzo aiva mbiya mvura iyo aiyangarara remuti mapuranga kana kumicheto rakapinzwa paro magnetized museve. (Arabic chikepe kambasi chakaitwa muchimiro resimbi hove, iyo kana mumvura zvawo kuratidzwa kuchamhembe.) Pashure navaArabhu vakatanga kushandisa kambasi vafambisi vengarava muItaly, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, England. Achibatsirwa chinongedzo ichi, unogona kuwana kubva apo kumusoro nezasi. Around nguva ino, kambasi zvivanakire wafungidzira pakavha girazi.

Kuvandudzwa womuenzaniso kambasi tega Italian Flavio Dzhoyya ari XIV remakore. Nokuti vakasununguka kubva kuziva dzimwe nyika, iye zvinganaka kutyora pedenderedzwa chinongedzo muzvikamu gumi navatanhatu. Iyewo akavandudza kutenderera mashandiro nokuwedzera mhete museve.

Kuziva chaizvo uyo akazogadzira chinongedzo, isu kare haagoni pamwewo. Zvakawandisa chokwadi nezvazvo chisero. Chimwe chinhu chiri pachena: nyore uye akangwara chaizvo mudziyo kubatsira kuti vanhu hofori achikwakuka mberi kwayo kukura.