Culture uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva yeRussia yekare

A rakasiyana Fani - netsika nemararamiro weRussia yekare. The Art of State - zvibereko Feat vanhu Russian uyo waitsigira pamusoro kumucheto European nyika kutenda kwake uye rusununguko, avo zvinangwa. Vanotsvakurudza vakaona zvinhu zvakadaro tsika dzekare somunhu chakaita zvokugadzirwa hunhu uye kubudirana pachena. Nevamwe pakunamata nyika vakasikwa kubata nhaka uye netsika rokumabvazuva Slavs kune Byzantine tsika, uye somugumisiro, netsika dzekare. inotungamirwa nguva uyewo wokutanga maruva Russian tsika yekare inowira pakati 10 uye wokutanga hafu 13 mazera (i.e., pre-Mongolian nguva).

ngano

It akachengetedzwa tsika chouhedheni yekare zvikurukuru ngano (ngano): nenziyo, Ngano, zvirevo, zvitsinga, zvemishonga, nezvirahwe. Munhoroondo kuyeuka vanhu Russian nzvimbo chaiyo ine yakakura. Ivo aimiririra umhare nengano simba kutsigira vavengi vake yechizvarigo. Imbirai chevarwere Teller anoshandisa Mikula Selyaninovich, Volga, Aleshi Popovicha, Ilya Muromtsa, Dobryni Nikiticha nevamwe varwi (byliny mu yose vanopfuura 50 yakasiyana vanonyanya kutaurwa).

Vanobhadhara navo kufona kumiririra nyika yavo, nokuti kutenda kwavo. Munguva epics, Sezvineiwo zvakakwana, nyika kudzivirira vaisanganisa neimwe vavariro - kuchengetedza chiKristu. The chinokosha pamusoro tsika Russia yekare waiva rubhabhatidzo wake.

Achinyora mu Russia

With kuitwa chiKristu nokukurumidza akatanga kuva kunyora. Kunyange zvazvo zvakanga zvisati rizivikanwe. Souchapupu hwokuti, tichandovigirei okuti "mashoko uye rezah", kureva pakati Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga, mashoko makondirakiti pakati Rus uye Byzantium, izvo zvakabvumirwa muna Russian, wevhu pedyo Smolensk pamwe Cyrillic akanyorwa (arufabheti akasikwa Cyril naMethodius, enlighteners of Slavs pakutanga kwezana 10-11 emakore).

To Russia Orthodoxy vakaunganidza mabhuku akawanda minamato, raunoshanda uye zvechitendero mabhuku rokushandura. Hwakawanda huripo Manyoro: maviri "Izbornik" Muchinda Svyatoslav, dating 1073 uye 1076 gore, "Ostrom Gospel", kureva 1057. Zvinonzi akapomera wechiGeorgian muna 11-13 emakore, paiva mabhuku zvuru 130-140, aiva mazita zana akawanda . By netsika Ages ari Ancient Rus kuverenga zvazvingava yakanga yakakwirira zvikuru. Panewo zvimwe uchapupu. Izvi Birch kuhukura, yakawanikwa nevanochera muna Novgorod pakati pezana remakore rechi20, uyewo zvinyorwa pamusoro raanoziva zvinhu uye madziro Church, mabasa yemamongi zvikoro, bhuku muunganidzwa St. Sophia Cathedral uye Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, uye vamwe, izvo nhasi vari kudzidza tsika uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva weRussia yekare.

Vaifunga kuti Old Russian mutsika rinoreva "chimumumu", kureva, chakanga mabhuku ayo yepakutanga. Zvisinei, kubvuma ichi kwakarasika. Genres siyana raimiririra mabhuku Russia yekare. Ichi uye hupenyu vatsvene, uye aMakoronike, uye kudzidzisa, uye nhau, uye kufamba manotsi. Tinoona pano akakurumbira "Lay", izvo haana kuva chero raivapo panguva iyoyo Genres. Saka, mabhuku Russia yekare akapfuma dzinokura zvitaera, mifananidzo.

Kukosa uye kurukiswa

Old Russian Hurumende akasiyana kwete chete dzakasiyana tsika, asi mararamiro avo. Gen. Ancient Rus Zvinofadza uye akasiyana. Residents paaivatambudza ounyanzvi akasiyana-siyana. Vakadzi, chikuru basa kwainzi Kukosa uye kurukiswa. The zvaida Huwandu zvinyama vanofanira kuruka vakadzi Russian kuti kupfekedza mhuri yake, sezvo mutemo, guru uyewo vashongedze imba matauro uye tablecloths. Anobata hapana tsaona kwainzi zvetsika chipo kubva vanhuwo zvavo, izvo akachengetwa norudo uye zvigopiwa kumarudzi namarudzi.

Paiva muRussia tsika yokupa vasikana vari kufarira kugadzira vhiri basa ravo. The anotaurwa wakavezwa uye dzakapendwa tenzi wake kupfuura iye akatarira kupfuura mavara, ndipo waikudzwa. musikana Russian Unoenda kuungana zviri manheru yechando, vakatora navo Kukosa vhiri kuvaratidza kure.

Dzimba mumaguta

Tsika, uyewo upenyu ari maguta ekare aiva siyanei hunhu pane kumamisha. Pane ari zvinenge wambosangana dugout (ona. Photo).

Gen. Ancient Rus mumaguta dzinoratidza muzvivako siyana. City vanogara kazhinji chakavakwa maviri storey imba, iyo yaisanganisira zvakawanda dzimba. Dzimba varwi, vapristi, machinda, namakurukota vakanga kusawirirana kwavo. Iva nechokwadi kuti waronga Manor munzvimbo huru panyika, akavaka nerogi cabins nokuti varanda navapfuri vesimbi, uyewo outbuildings siyana. Gen. Russia yekare yakanga yakasiyana siyana zvikamu vokuparidzira kuti anoratidza mhando edzimba. Boyar uye machinda dzimba dzakanga chaidzo dzoushe. Dzimba idzi dzaiva yakashongedzwa vapfumi nemakapeti uye micheka.

Mune maguta zvakarurama guru akararama vanhu Russian. Vakanga vaverenga makumi ezviuru vagari. Mumisha aigona kuva mashoma gumi mamita. Gen. Ancient Rus, tsika dzekare rakachengetedzwa mavari kupfuura mumaguta.

Dzimba dzemisha

A hwepamusoro vane dzinogarwa dzoga, chokuita zvakasiyana-siyana dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana. Varimi akararama, kazhinji mudzimba duku. Kumaodzanyemba akaparadzirwa zvirindo dzavakabayira pamatenga adzo kazhinji akafukidzwa nevhu.

MuRussia, kuchamhembe kari dzaiva nenhurikidzwa mbiri, mukuru mahwindo diki, (aigona kupfuura mashanu). Vari vasiyana kudivi redzimba chipenye, matura uye berere. Vose vari kazhinji pasi mumwe remba. Izvi yokugara iri nyore chaizvo kuti dzechando kuchamhembe utsinye. Vazhinji zvinhu dzimba dzakanga yakashongedzwa geometric mazano.

Interior murimi mudiki mumatumba

Hupenyu vanhuwo zvavo kuRussia yekare yakanga chaizvo nyore. Zvirindo mumisha zvinowa- akatarisa asi murombo. Interior murimi mudiki mumatumba zvakabviswa tsvarakadenga kunyatsoteerera, asi yakashongedzwa pamberi kuzvidhori pamberi pakona waiva tafura guru, iyo yakanyorerwa vose vomumhuri. zvinhu Ancient choupenyu hwezuva nezuva muRussia akanga kwaisanganisira rakafara nemabhenji ndandanda masvingo. Vakanga yakashongedzwa zvakavezwa reuna. Kazhinji kacho pamusoro pavo vakanga echiShinto kuti varongerwa kuchengetera midziyo. Everyday vanovengwa Russia vekare waisanganisira postavets (kuchamhembe yokuchinjira mbatya kuchikoro), izvo anotsigira zvatinosiita yakashongedzwa mufananidzo wairatidza maruva, shiri, namabhiza, uye mifananidzo kuratidza nemwaka ndeyokufananidzira.

Table munguva dzemazororo akafukidzwa tsvuku jira. Akaisa pamusoro payo wakavezwa uye kupendwa zvehari, uye svettsy kuti unobvira. Masters of muti akakurumbira Ancient Rus. Ivo vakaita kuti ndiro zvakasiyana. Vaiva kupfuura yakanaka yekare migomo Russian kuti hukuru siyana uye zvitarisiko. Vamwe vavo vari muNzvimbo mashoko ane migomo shoma. Zvarakanyorerwa kunwa woks akasiyana kakawanda scaphoid chimiro. Pens yakashongedzwa nemisoro yemabhiza yavo kana wakavezwa Dhadha. Uyewo zvakawanda vaisanganisa migomo mifananidzo uye mifananidzo.

Bucket ainzi Utitsa woks, waiva chimiro Dhadha. Rakauya midziyo chakatodzana bhora vakaishevedza Bratin. Beautiful munyu shakers yakaita namabhiza kana shiri, wakavezwa tenzi huni. Vakanga vakaita sevanhu nezvirongo akanaka uye nembiya. Zvose chokuita noupenyu Russia yekare, kazhinji akaita namatanda; mbereko vana, mumaturi, nembiya, mabhasikiti, fenicha. Gadzira fenicha vatenzi kwete chete nezvazvo nyore, asi runako. Zvinhu izvi zvinofanira hazvo kuva zvinofadza ziso, kurichinja zororo, kunyange basa kupfuura zvakaoma vanhuwo zvavo.

Clothing siyana kwevanhu

mbatya dzedu aigonawo kutsanangura zvikamu zvakasiyana vemo. Varimi navapfuri vesimbi, varume nevakadzi vaipfeka Shirts zvakanga zvakagadzirwa homespun jira. Kuwedzera Shirts, varume vaipfeka bhurukwa nevakadzi - siketi. Vanhuwo vaipfeka nguvo yechando dzose.

Chimiro mbatya dzakanaka munhu Kazhinji sezvinoita murimi mudiki, asi unhu, Chokwadi, zvakanga zvakasiyana zvachose. zvipfeko kwakadaro akasika kubva micheka zvinodhura. Kazhinji nguo dzakanga dzakagadzirwa-dzakarukwa nendarama micheka yokuMabvazuva. kubva zvinokosha furs chete vakasonanidza majasi chando. Varimi uye vomuguta vaivawo shangu siyana. Chete vapfumi aigona kutenga shangu kana pistons (shangu). Machindawo vaipfeka majombo, izvo zvikuru vakanga yakashongedzwa marquetry. Vanhuwo zvavo vasingakwanisi kuwana kuti kana kutenga bast, vaigara Russian tsika kusvikira remakore rechi20.

Mitambo uye kunovhima in Ancient Rus

Nyika yose vaizivikanwa kuvhima uye mitambo wokuRussia kwamachinda yekare. Munguva zviitiko zvakadaro zvinowanzotaurwa rwakapedza inokosha zvinoitwa nehurumende. Pachena uye flamboyantly vachengeta vagere Rus yekare 'kukunda mune danidziro. Honey uye mhiri kwemakungwa waini ikatanga. Varanda vakashumira ndiro huru nyama uye mutambo. mitambo izvi zvinofanira kushanyira posadniki uye vakuru vachibva kumaguta ose, uyewo vanhu vazhinji. Gen. vagari Russia yekare Zvakaoma kufungidzira kusina zhinji yakatarwa. King vakadya pamwe chete nevanokudzwa uye varwi pamatunhu maberere yamambo, uye tafura vakaiswa muchivanze vanhu.

Falcon, rukodzi kunovhima pamwe hounds uye vaiona mafaro akapfuma. Vanhuwo zvavo vorega mu siyana zvoupengo, madzinza, Tournaments. Gen. Russia rekare sechinhu chinokosha, kunyanya kuchamhembe, anonziwo zvaisanganisira kugeza.

Zvimwe zvinhu muupenyu Russian

Vana vari boyars kwomuchinda mhoteredzo haina kuunzwa kwavo. Boys pamakore matatu vakanga kupfeka bhiza, uye ipapo akapa kutarisirwa uye noumhizha Pestunov (kureva mutarisiri). Muchinda muduku aine makore 12 vakaenda kutarisira parishes uye maguta. nemhuri dzakapfuma remakore rechi11 vakatanga kudzidzisa kuverenga uye kunyora zvose vasikana nevakomana. Kiev bargaining yaiva nzvimbo waunofarira zvavo uye vakakurumbira vanhu. It vakatengesa zvinhu uye zvigadzirwa kubva pasi pose, kusanganisira India uye Baghdad. Tainakidzwa kutengeserana vekare vanhu weRussia.