Kuvhima muzhizha paLake Baikal. Kubata muSelenga delta muzhizha

Kuyeuka munziyo, nheyo uye nhetembo, iri dhamu rakasiyana-siyana kwemazana emakore rinokurudzira kufunga kwevanhu. Ichi ndicho chikuru chemuviri wemvura yakachena - pamusoro peBaikal. Avo vasina kunge varipo kunyange kamwe chete, havangambofungidziri ivo kupfuura zviuru makumi matatu zvemakiromita mashekeri ehupamhi pamusoro pebhuruu, dzimwe nguva vanovanza pasi payo pamusoro pe 1637 mamita ekudzika.

About Baikal

Pano pane mvura yakachena, mweya unoshamisa, mazuva mazhinji ezuva muzuva, kuti nzvimbo iyi ishoma, taiga, chando-makomo makomo uye, zvechokwadi, maruva ane mafuma nemhuka. Vanotaura kuti pano murume ane tsvimbo yekubata hove achaziva kuti mufaro chii. Nyanzvi idzi dzakaparadzanisa Baikal kuita zvikamu zvitatu: nechekumaodzanyemba, iyo inobva kuIrkutsk kuenda kumusha wekuLultuk, kusvika kune imwe pakati - nzvimbo yeOlkhon Island, uye nechekumusoro. Pakati idzi, vabati vehove vakanyatsoziva chete vekutanga. Iwe unogona kusvika kumaodzanyemba kweBaikal nemugwagwa kana nechitsime, uye pakati, pamwe chete nemichina, kunyange ndege dzinofamba.

Vanogara mumvura

Nzizi dzinenge mazana matatu nemakumi mana dzinoyerera dzichipinda mudziva - mvura huru uye mitozi, apo Angara chete inoputika. Iko kumusha kune makumi mana nemapfumbamwe marudzi ehove, kusanganisira black and white grayling, mukurumbira omul uye whitefish, pamwe chete ne taimen, sturgeon, pike, burbot, nezvimwe.Mhando dzakawanda dzinofarira vabati vehove. Zvisinei, hukuru hunonyanya kusanganisira omul, grayling, pike uye perch. Pasi pano pasi pano inobatwa dace uye soroga.

Kucheka paGungwa Baikal kunowanzobva kumhenderekedzo. Uye izvi hazvishamisi: zvine ngozi kubata hove dzezvikepe, nokuti kamwe-kamwe pamvura yomunhu kune mhepo inotyisa inotanga kuputika, iyo inotora uye inoputika gorofu uye kunyange igwa. Nenzira yakawanda, mamiriro ekunze apa anonyanyisa. Mhepo ine simba pamusoro pegungwa ine nguva periodicity yemazuva: inoshandura simba kana kutungamira nguva dzose.

Munguva inotonhora, mhepo inoyerera inobva kune imwe nyika ichienda kune mvura, asi mumwaka unotonhora - zvakasiyana. Muchikwata, uyewo pakutanga kweDecember, apo Baikal vakanga vasati vambozvifukidza nechando, Sarma yaipararira pano nesimba. Anonyatsozivikanwa kune vadzidzisi. Iyi mhepo inosvika kumhanya yemamita makumi mana nechipiri. Anobhururuka kamwe-kamwe uye anogona kuparadza kamwe murume akabatwa pamvura. Nekutsungirira kwakangofanana, pasinei nemasimba mashoma, chiktuk chiri kuputika pamahombekombe, uye kubva kuchamhembe kunouya kunotonhora. Kubva kunotungamirirwa nechekumabvazuva kunotanga barguzin.

Zvichemo zvehove

Kubata muLake Baikal muzhizha kunoratidzirwa nokuti haisi kujeka sokuti, somuenzaniso, mukutenga kana mukati. Mumamiriro okunze anopisa, pfuma yakawanda yezvokudya zvepanyama inoumba mumvura. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nemafuta akakwana greyling. Chikamu chikuru chekudya kwehove iyi ndifodhi dzinofukisa uye marlusks, asi chikafu chikuru ndicho chimiro. Kuvapo kwegururi kunoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwakawanda hunoonekwa mumhenderekedzo yegungwa yegungwa. Maererano nevabati vehove, zviri nani kubata grey kwechinguva, sezvo zviri nyore kuitora.

Kuvhima muzhizha paLake Baikal kunonakidza nokuti kuwedzera kunowanzo pedyo nehombekombe. Mhenderekedzo yegungwa, dzimwe nguva zvinyoronyoro, inowanzokurumidza kubviswa. Munzvimbo dzisina kudzika, hove kazhinji haisi huru, inowanzoonekwa muUrez. Vanhu vakakura vari kure zvakadaro zvokuti zvakaoma zvikuru kusvika kwavari kunyange kunyange kwenguva refu. Greyling inosvika kumahombekombe uko kune mapurisa ematombo makuru kana maitiro, kuputika uye kunyanya kudzokera kunzvimbo dzakadzika.

Kubata muzhizha paLake Baikal kune maitiro ayo. Kubva mukati memvura inoyerera ichifamba nemvura zhinji yemvura iri pamahombekombe egungwa, izvi zvinofanira kufungwa panguva yekubata hove. Pakukanda pasi pemvura, chikamu chimwe chete chetambo chinowoneka, saka saka zvinokosha kuchengetedza kukakavara nguva dzose. Kana zvisina kudaro, hote ichaomesa pasi pematombo. Muhafu yekutanga yaJune, caddis inobhururuka pamatombo epasi, ichikwira kumusoro, inoshanduka kuva mathim. Iko panguva ino iyo hove inotanga paLake Baikal muzhizha. Photo grayling, shoals ose akakodzera kumhenderekedzo yemafuta, haasiyi kusava nehanya kunyange muvhimi wechidiki. Zvisinei, zvokudya zvakawanda zvakadaro zvishoma zvinotungamirira kuhove kuti hove dzinotanga kutora zvakashata imwe bheji kana kuti bhait.

Kubata gorofu muzhizha

Mangwanani ekutanga maawa, apo zuva rakanga risati rava nenguva yekupisa mabwe, mhuka yacho, yakashambira kumahombekombe, ichimirira mashamba asina mapapiro ane mapapiro kuti atange kusimudzirwa mumhepo ndokuwira mugungwa. Panguva ino, iyo yakanakisisa yekuita hove muLake Baikal muzhizha ndeye iyo inotakura nhunzi. Nekukwira kwemafi, guru rinotanga rakasimba zhor, richibvisa zvipembenene kubva pasi, uye naizvozvo kurira kwebhururu rekupikira munguva iyi inopera zvachose.

Nenzira yakawanda, kubata hove muzhizha kuBaikal nokuda kwegorofu kunobatwa nekushandisa kwekutasva gear uye yakafanana nhunzi dzinooma. Iko kunobatanidzwa nyore nyore kudarika nemutoro, nokuti pamwe nechekupedzisira, maererano nevadzidzisi, zvakaoma kusarudza bheit uye kutsanangura zvakadzika.

Tooling

Kubata hove muzhizha paGungwa Baikal kunoda kutasva tambo yakawanda kupfuura iyo inoshandiswa muhova. Hungu, uye inokandwa zvakanyanya. Nguva yekubata hove inotanga kubva panguva yekuregererwa kwebvumirano uye inopera kusvikira yekutanga yechando yechando. Pano nzira yakanakisisa ye "kushanda" ndiyo nzira yekubata nehodzi yekusima, iyo inharaunda inodana "sandwich".

Paine donka ne "top" mumakamuri akaparadzaniswa negungwa nemigwagwa yakamanikana, unogona kubata pike, peki uye kunyange yei. Dzimwe nguva gorozi inoshambira mavari. Zvisinei, avo vanobata zvikuru kunyanya kushambadzira, iyo inofadza zvikuru iyo pike, iyo, kutonga nemashoko ekare-nguva, inowanzosvika kusvika pamagetsi gumi nemashanu pakuyera. Icho chikwata - kurota kwevanhu vose vakagara vachifadzwa nekubata hove.

PaGungwa Guru

Baikal yakazara muzhizha. Pano pano vashanyi vanobva kunyika yose. Vakawanda vekugara vanopedza vhiki yeGungwa Guru - muchikamu cheLake Baikal, iyo iri pakati pemhenderekedzo yekumadokero nechiwi cheOlkhon. Nzvimbo iyi inzvimbo yakasiyana yemvura, iyo inozivikanwa neyakakosha kwayo microclimate. Gungwa duku rinoratidzwa nehombekombe yakanyanyisa ichiita nzvimbo dzakawanda dzisina kudzika.

Ndiyo nzvimbo idzi dzinonzi dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa kune avo vanoedzwa nekubata hove muBaikal muzhizha nechisimba.

Pano iwe unogona kutora omul yakakurumbira uye, zvechokwadi, gorofu, panewo pike, pecheki nezvimwe zvipenyu zvakawanda. Uye kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vachida kuuya pano chete muzhizha, pano, paGungwa Guru harisi kuduku kunzi uye kushamba kwechando.

Munharaunda yeSe Selenga

Kune vazhinji vatashanyi paBaikal muzhizha. Nhamba huru yezvigaro zvevashanyi yakavakwa pamwe nemiganhu yayo. Pakati pavo mune vazhinji vakadai vari munzvimbo dzokuti kunyoresa kunogona chete nekutakura mumugwagwa. Munzvimbo dzisingasvikeki mumwedzi yezhizha dzinogona kusvika kwete kwete chete nemotokari, asiwo nekubatsira kwezvigadzirwa zvemvura. Selenga, ichiyerera kuBaikal, inoumba iguta guru kwazvo. Inorongedzerwa muzvinyorwa zvezvinhu zvakasikwa zvenyika, izvo zvakasiyana, uye zvinowanikwa munharaunda yekuchengetedza paLake Baikal, UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Iyo delta yeSelenga yava nenguva yakachinjwa kuva nzvimbo inogarwa nemhando dzakawanda dzehove: kune zvakawanda zvepaki uye roach, pike uye zvinowanzowanikwa mukubata vabati vehove. Mvura zhinji yakasimba yakaitika mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe emakore ekupedzisira, yakabatsira pakupararira mairi uye yakasimuka kubva kuAmur River basin rotan.

Kubata muSelenga delta pane omul inobudirira zvikuru munaAugust, kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vanofunga kuti zviri nani kubata hove inoshamisa munguva yechando. Iyo nyanzvi yakakosha kwaari ndeyediki ma crustaceans e amphipods.

Muzhizha, migumisiro yakaisvonaka inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekubata omul pakutsvaga kana "pachiedza". Mumumvuri weusiku, chikepe chinotenderera kunzvimbo dzakadzama mumvura yegungwa, ipapo chitubu chinotarisa chinotungamirirwa kumvura panzvimbo yakasarudzwa. Zvizhinji zvemaphipods, izvo zvinonyanya kudya kweBaikal omul , kuungana muchiedza chakajeka . Uye mushure memaminitsi mashomanana, boka rezvokudya zvakanakisisa rinotanga kunamatira kumasumbu e-crustaceans. Vanobata omul nehove dzisina kubatanidzwa: vanokonzera chidimbu chechikwereti mumutsara mukuru, uye chengetedza ichi chimiro mumvura, ichiramba ichichinja kubwinya kwekubata.

Uye pakupedzisira

Iyo yakasiyana yeLake Baikal isingatenderwi. Saka, zvakakosha kuchengetedza pearl chaiye iri muhupenyu raro hwepakutanga, pasina kupedza hove iyo inorarama mukati, nemambure, nokuda kwekuwana nguva pfupi.