Abkhazia - Russia kana kwete? Map of Abkhazia

Abkhazia inyika inoshamisa uye yakasikwa tsika uye nhoroondo yekare. Vanhu vanogara munharaunda iyi, vanodana nyika yavo sezvizvi: Apsny. Mukushandura, izvi zvinoreva "Nyika yeMweya".

Nzvimbo

Abkhazia pamepu yenyika ine nzvimbo yakakura iri pedyo neGungwa Dzvuku. Inotambanudza kubva kuRwizi rwaPassou kusvika kuRwizi rwaInguri. Kureba kwekona iyi yeparadisiacal chaiyo mazana maviri nemakumi maviri makiromita. Vazhinji vanoita mazororo vanokohwa kunyika kuburikidza nezuva rakanyarara, gungwa rinotyisa uye mweya wekuporesa wemakomo. Chimiro chaAbkhazia chinopa vanhu kwete chete mufaro weupenyu. Inodzorera wechiduku uye utano.

Abkhazia pamepu yenyika iri kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kweCaucasus. Nyika yacho inotarirwa neNew Sea Sea. Mune kuchamhembe, inopera kuKarachay-Cherkessia uye Kabardino-Balkaria. Muzasi-kumabvazuva - neGeorgia, kuchamhembe-kumadokero - neKrasnodar Territory.

Nharaunda inobatwa neAbkhazia inzvimbo ye makiromita makiromita mazana mapfumbamwe. Kubva kumadokero kusvika kumabvazuva, kureba kwayo kune zana zana nemakumi matanhatu, uye kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kuchamhembe - makumi mashanu nevana. Guta reAbkhazia ndiro guta reSukhum. Panharaunda yenyika kune zvizvarwa zvinomwe, semaguta akawanda, misha mina nemisha yakawanda.

Nhoroondo

Nguva yekubuda kweumambo hweAbhakhazi ndiyo yechisere yezana remakore. Kubva pahafu yepiri ye 9th c. Yakava chikamu cheGeorgia. Muzana remakore gumi nematatu, maMongol-Tatars akakunda Abkhazia. Kubvira muzana remakore rechi16. Yakanga ichitongwa neTurkey. Abkhazia mukati meRussia yakatanga nhoroondo kubva muna 1810. Mushure mokutanga kweOctober Revolution, Soviet nyika yakanzwisisa ndima yeGeorgia kusvika kuRwizi rwePisou. Chaizvoizvo, Abkhazia yakabatanidzwa mune iri republic republic. Musi waFebruary 25, 1921, kupindirwa kweBolshevik kwakaitwa muGeorgia. Imwe muna March 1921, simba reSoviet rakaziviswa muAbkhazia. Kubvira muna December wegore rimwe chete, rava chikamu cheGeorgia SSR.

Munyika yose yeSoviet, mamiriro ezvinhu muAbkhazia akanga asina simba. Kushungurudzika kwemasasa evanhu vomunzvimbo yacho kwakaonekwa muna 1957, 1967 uye muna 1978. Abhiz vaida kubviswa kubva kuGeorgia Republic.

Kunyanya kuwedzera mararamiro aya muna 1989. Musi waMarch 18, vanhu veAkkhazian vakaungana pamusangano we 30,000-simba, apo zvirevo zvakasarudzirwa kubva kuGeorgia. Muna June 1989, kukakavadzana kweropa neGeorgian kwakaitwa muShumi. Yakaguma muna gumi nevaviri vakafa. Hondo yacho yakagadziriswa nevane masimba.

Hondo neGeorgia

Musi waAugust 25, 1990, Supreme Council of Abkhazia yakagamuchira chirevo pamusoro pehuchangamire. Kuwedzera kwemamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwe enyika kwakaitika nekuiswa kwemaGeorgia kunzvimbo yeAbkhazia. Muna 1992, Supreme Council of Abkhazia yakaratidza kupera kwebumbiro rakagamuchirwa muna 1978. Mutemo we1925 wakabatanidzwa.Inyorwa yacho yakarondedzera mamiriro ekutanga akazvimirira enyika. Izvi hazvina kuzivikanwa neGeorgia. Mukufanana, hondo muAbkhazia yakasunungurwa. Munguva yekurwa, zvombo, magetsi uye zvimwe zvombo zvakashandiswa.

Kugadza kutonga pamusoro penharaunda yaro, pamwe nekuchengetedza kuvimbika kwenyika, ndicho chinangwa chakatungamirirwa neGeorgia. Abhazia vanoda kuwedzera kodzero dzehutongi hwakasikwa nayo, pamwe nekuwana rusununguko.
Mukupera kwa1992, hondo yakatanga kuva yekupikisa munhu. Hapana mumwe wemapato mumakakatanwa aya akakunda kukunda uye akakwanisa. Somugumisiro, zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvakasayirwa pakati peAbkhazia neGeorsgia. Vakagadzirisa chibvumirano pamusoro pekuguma kwakakwana kwehutsinye hwose. Panguva imwecheteyo zvombo zvinorema uye mauto aifanira kusiya munharaunda yehondo.

Mushure mokunge vamwe vachishushikana, mauto ehondo akatangazve. Muna 1993, maAbkhazian mauto akatanga kutonga Sukhumi, iyo yakamanikidza National Guard yeGeorgia kusiya muganhu weAbkhazia.

Hondo yakanga iri muedzo mukuru. Panguva yehondo, vanenge zviuru gumi nematanhatu vakafa pamativi ose maviri. Ikukuvadza kwakakonzerwa nehupfumi hweAbakhazia inofungidzirwa paine gumi neiri rimwe mabhiriyoni emadhora.

Peacekeeping Forces

Rutivi rweRussia rwakaita semurevereri pakati pemapoka akapikisana. Muna Mbudzi 1994, chibvumirano chakaiswa muMoscow pamusoro pekuparadzanisa kwemasimba uye kupedza-moto. Sangano reCIS rakaiswa munharaunda yehondo, iro basa rayo kuchengetedza kusasarudzwa kwemoto.

Rugare rwekuchengetedza mauto, aine maRussia servicemen, akadzora nzvimbo yekuchengeteka kwema kilomita makumi matatu pakati pe Georgia neAbkhazia.

Zviito zveUN

ChiGeorgian-Abkhaz Coordinating Council yakagadzwa muna 1997. Izvi zvakaitika panguva yeGeneva hurukuro. Vamiririri veUnited Nations, pamwe chete neRussian Federation, vakabatanidzwa mubasa reChristian. Zvisinei, mugore ra2006 mushandisirwo hutsva hutsva hwakatanga muKodori Gorge. Georgia yakaita mabasa makuru ekutsvaga mumisha iri pedyo neKodori. Mutungamiri Tbilisi akazivisa kutonga pamusoro peKodori Gorge.

Muna Gumiguru 2006, UN Security Council yakagadzirisa chisarudzo Nha. 1716. Yakadana mapoka anokakavadzana kumira chero chiito chehondo chinopesana nerunyararo. IUI yakaratidza kushushikana pamusoro pekukundikana kwechigarire cheGeorgia kuti ishandise chibvumirano chakaiswa muMoscow, pamwe nezvimwe zvibvumirano.

Nzira yekuzvimirira

Is Abkhazia Russia or not? Kubvira muna 2001, nyika yeCaucasian yakatora matanho akasiyana-siyana, ichida kupinda muCIS. Anoda kushamwaridzana neRussia, kuchengetedza kodzero dzehurumende yakasununguka. Zvisinei, nzvimbo yepamutemo yeRussia Federation ndeyekuti simba guru harigamuchiri mukana iwoyo. Izvi zvakataurwa neArasia Ambassador kuGeorgia Vladimir Chkhikvishvili muna 2003.

Pasipoti dzemukati dzeAbkhazia dzave dzichipararira kubvira muna 2005. Dzakatorwa kubva pazera remakore gumi nemana.

Parizvino Abkhazia Russia kana kwete? Kwete, hazvisi. Zvisinei, Mutungamiri weRussia V.V. Putin akatanga kuve nechokwadi chekuti maitiro ehurumende munharaunda yeSoviet yakagadzwa yakazvimirira sekuzvimiririra, yakafanana nehuwandu hwehurumende yeKosovo. Panyaya iyi, Hurumende yeRussia kunze kwenyika yakaitirana nhaurirano neMutungamiriri weAbkhazia, pamwe neTransnistria. Akaitika muna 2006.

Transnistria, Abkhazia neSouth Ossetia mugore irorochete vakasaina chibvumirano chekubatsirana, kubatana uye ushamwari. Panguva imwecheteyo, nharaunda yezvematongerwo enyika matatu yakasikwa, iyo yaive nechinangwa chokurwira kodzero uye demokarasi yevanhu. Sangano rekugadzirisa iyi rinosanganisira kubatana kwezvematongerwe enyika uye zvematongerwo enyika, uyewo kusikwa kwemauto ekuchengetedza runyararo anokwanisa kutora mauto eRussia.

Abkhazia nhasi

Parizvino iri republic republic. Izvo zvimiriro zvayo zvinyorwa ndeye nziyo, mureza uye jasi remaoko. Dare repamusoro-soro reMitemo yevanhu neParamende. Dare revakuru rinomiririrwa neMutungamiri wehurumende neVaKatende veVatariri.

Is Abkhazia Russia or not? Kwete, hazvisi. I Republic of Abkhazia ihurumende yakazvimirira. De jure, kuvepo kwayo nenharaunda yenyika hakuchina kuzivikanwa. Vazhinji veMudemokorasi vakachenesa vamanikidzi, uye zviito zveRussian Federation zvakarongerwa sekurwisa kweGeorgia.

Muna 2008, kukakavara kwakakura. Hondo yeGeorgia yakaedza kubata South Ossetia. Kubva kuRussia, matanho ezvematongerwo enyika akatorwa. IRussia Federation yakagamuchira rusununguko rweSouth Ossetia neAbkhazia. Panguva imwe chete, akakurudzira dzimwe nyika kuti dzitevere.

Abkhazia haasi chikamu cheRussia. Anoonekwa se republic yakasiyana. Uyezve, ruzhinji rwevagari venyika vane uRoma hwekuzvarwa. Yakapiwa kwavari makore mazhinji akapfuura.

Vazhinji veRussia vanofunga kuti Abkhazia inopinda muRussia. Apo iwe unoshanyira nyika ino haifaniri visa, uye kubhadhara zvinoreva mu republic ndiyo mabhizinesi eRussia Federation.

Mushure memutsara wekuMarch 2014, Russia yakatora muCrimea. Abkhazia neSouth Ossetia vakawedzera hurukuro pamusoro pehupenyu hwavo.

Nyika dzakagamuchira hurumende yekutonga

Munyika yose yaro, Apsny yaiva nyika isingazivikanwi. Kusvika iye zvino, yakagamuchirwa kubva kune zvishanu nyika dziri nhengo dzeUnited States. Yokutanga yaiva Russia. MunaSeptember 2008, Abkhazia yakazivikanwa neNicaragua, munaSeptember 2009 - Venezuela, munaDecember 2009 - Nauru, munaSeptember 2011 - Tuvalu. Rusununguko rwehurumende rwakagamuchirwawo neSouth Ossetia, Transnistria neNagorno-Karabakh.

Frontier

Is Abkhazia Russia or not? Kwete, hazvisi. Ndicho chikonzero kuitira kuti uende kune republic, zvinodikamwa kuyambuka muganhu kuburikidza nechekuona. Mumwe wavo, Psou, haasi kure naAdler. Nenguva iyi yekutsvaga kubva kuSiteshi chebhasi kwemaawa mashanu kusvika kune gumi nemashanu kuenda kune minibus. Kuti uende kuAbhizia, zvakakwana kuva nepasipoti mukati mako. Vana vanoda rubhabhatidzo rwekuzvarwa chete. Dzimwe nguva varindi vemuganhu vanogona kukumbira mvumo yekusiya mwana muduku muRussia, iyo inofanira kuve ichinyorwa.

Musoro uye nzvimbo dzeAbkhazia

Inzvimbo yehutungamiri yenyika ndiyo guta reSukhum. Mepu yeAbkhazia inoratidza nzvimbo yayo. Inowanikwa munzvimbo yepamusoro yehurumende yakasununguka, paGungwa Dzvuku, pamahombekombe eSukhum Bay. Makiromita zana nemanomwe kubva muguta - muganhu neRussia. Mamiriro eguta reSukhum avepo kubva muna 1848.

Kubva kuchamhembe nekumabvazuva guta guru reAbkhazia rinodzivirirwa nemakomo. Munyaya iyi, mamiriro okunze munharaunda ino ane unyoro. Kunyange apo makiromita ehurumende ichiri kutonhora zvikuru, acacia, mimosa uye roses inokura mu Sukhum. Chando pano panoitika zvisingawanzoitiki. Pakati pegore kune mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nemazuva masikati.

Kudzoka muna 1898, World Congress yeMasikirwo Sukhum yakaonekwa senzvimbo yakanakisisa munyika kuti ikurudzire kupora kwevarwere vemapemmoni. Uye izvi zvose nekuda kwechimiro chakanakisa, nzvimbo dzepasi dzakasvibirira, gungwa uye aironi ionized.

Mepu yeAbkhazia inotitaurira nenharaunda dzeRepublic. Mumwe wavo ndiye Gagra. Nzvimbo yayo yekutungamirira iguta reGagra. Nzvimbo huru pane dzose dziri Pitsunda, Bzyb, Gechripsh uye Tsandripsh. Kusiyana kwemamiriro aya kunzvimbo yakakwirira yekugadzirisa. Munharaunda iyi pane Lake Ritsa. Yakananga nzvimbo yacho neRussia Krasnodar Territory.

Guta reGagry (Abkhazia) rinowanzozivikanwa kune vanenge vose. Inowanikwa paGungwa Dzvuku. Ichi chinonyanya kushandiswa chiripo makiromita makumi matatu nematanhatu kubva kuSouth Airport. Inodzivirirwa nemakomo kubva kumhepo inotonhora. Panguva imwecheteyo, mhepo inodziya yegungwa inochengetwa munharaunda yayo. Kuva pakasiyana-siyana, magomo emakomo anobatsira pakuvhenekera nekuvandudza mhepo yevanhu mumuguta. Gagra inofungidzirwa nzvimbo inotonhora uye inotonhora kune yose yeCaucasian yeGungwa Dzvuku. Pano mavhareji evhariji ega ega evhagiri gumi nemashanu. Winters muguta racho inodziya uye munyoro. Munguva inotonhora zvikuru, mhepo inovhuvhuta kusvika kune madigiri manomwe.

Nzvimbo iyo Abkhazia inodada nhasi (ona mufananidzo uri pasi apa) yakagadzirwa neshamwari yaNicholas I - Prince AP. Oldenburg. Akatora chikamu mukushandurwa kweguta kunzvimbo yakazara yekuvaraidza. Telegraph, mvura uye nzvimbo yekutengesa yakavakwa. Paki, yakaiswa pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, yakashongedzwa negaves, maaramondi nemiti yemiti, michindwe nemasipiresi. Vashanyi vokutanga vakasvika muguta muna 1911.

Imwe nzvimbo yakakurumbira yemhepo yakasununguka ndiyo guta rePitsunda. Inowanikwa makiromita makumi mashanu nemashanu kusvika kumaodzanyemba kweGagra. Mamiriro ekunze muPitsunda akafanana naSochi. Inzvimbo dzepasi uye dzinonaya. Nzvimbo yacho yakakurumbira pamusana pine grove yakasiyana-siyana chaizvo - yakasara yeCrimean-Caucasian yekare yezvinomera. Iye zvino ndiyo nharaunda yenharaunda yehurumende. Kusanganiswa kwemhepo yegungwa uye yemakomo ne ozone, yakasarudzwa ne relic pine, kunoita kuti microclimate yemunharaunda iyi ive inochera.

Chikamu chinotevera chemahofisi ehurumende ndeche Gudautsky district. Pakati penharaunda iri muguta reGuutauta. Mukuwedzera, nzvimbo dzakakura ndeyeNovy Afon uye Lykhny. Guta reGuuta ndiro raive muRepublic iro, panguva yekurwa kwehondo neGeorgia, yakanyatsodzorwa nehurumende yeAbkhaz.

Gudauta inofungidzirwa sehoaside resort. Mamiriro ekunze pano ane humvu, pasi. Zuva rakanyanyisa. Nguva yezororo muguta iri inogara gore rose. Gudauta inokurumbira paminda yaro, apo michero nemichero yemazambique zvinokura. Panzvimbo yakakwirira pedyo negungwa pane paki yeguta. Kubva kuchamhembe nekuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kuGuutauta mune ketani yegomo yemugwagwa weCaucasian, nheyo dzayo dzinofukidzwa nechando anenge mwedzi minomwe pagore.

Nzvimbo yacho iri pedyo nechekugungwa kwegungwa. Pano mabheji ari matombo, kunze kwekumabvazuva ivo vanotsiviwa nejecha. Nguva yekushamba inotanga pakati peMay uye inopera kusvika munaOctober. Nzvimbo iyi inokurudzirwa kune varwere vane chirwere chekufema, chirwere chemoyo uye nervous system, uyewo nehutano hwemagetsi.

Munharaunda yeSukhum, kuwedzera kune guru, Pskh neYashtkhua inzvimbo dzakakwirira. MuGulryshsky - Gulryshsh, Azhara naTsabal.

Kuenda kumaodzanyemba kweKodori yevheti ndiyo yevanhu veOchamchyr.
Nzvimbo huru yekugadzirisa dunhu reTkuarchal, risipo mumagwaro eGeorgia, ndiyo Tkuarchal. Nzvimbo huru yemari yekuwana mari yebhajheti yeruwa ndiyo yeTurkey firm Tamsash. Ari kubatanidzwa mumigodhi yakazaruka. Pedyo nomuguta wenyika iyo Gomo reLashkendar. Inotorwa seimwe yevanomwe vaAbkhaz sanctuaries. MuAbkhazia kune imwe nzvimbo - Gara. Nharaunda yayo yakawanda ndeyeMingrelians.

Nature

Georgia, Abkhazia, Ossetia ... Mepu yezvinhu zvitatu zveTranscaucasian inogona kutaura pamusoro pezvinhu zvakakurumbira zvenharaunda yacho uye zvayo.

Kana ukasarudza kushanyira Abkhazia, iwe uchakwanisa kuona kuti iri nyika yemakomo. Vanotanga kutora makiromita kubva pagungwa. Zvishoma zvishoma - mhepo ine makomo, makungu akaoma nemigwagwa isingawanzoitiki.

Nokuda kwemvura ine ruzivo, makomo emakomo, nzvimbo dzegungwa uye zvinomera zvepasi, Abkhazia inzvimbo inonakidza chaizvo. Kununurwa kwenharaunda yeRipublic inoratidzirwa nemafuta emakomo makuru massif eCaucasus. Nhamba yavo inosanganisira Abkhaz, Kodori, Gaga naBzybsky. Nzvimbo yakakwirira muAbkhazia ndiGomo reDombai-Ulgen. Kureba kwayo ndiko 4048 m.

Muodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kwenyika kune imwe nyika yeColchis lowland. Pakati payo uye makomo mune zvikomo zvitsvene. Iko mune mapako mazhinji muAbkhazia. Yakadzika pane zvose zviri panyika yedu ndeye Krubera-Raven. Iyo iri kure neGagra. Ukuru hwepako iri 2080 m.

Nzizi dzinoyerera nepakati penharaunda yeRepublic ndeyeGungwa Dzvuku. Mukuru wavo ndeye Kialasup uye Kodor, Gumista naBzyb. Zvose zvavo-dzakadiridza. Panguva imwecheteyo, mvura yavo ye hydropower yakawanda kwazvo. Zvokudya zvehova dzeAbkhazia, sekutonga, mvura kana chando. Rwizi runopfupika munyika runotenderera munharaunda yeGagra. Kureba kwayo kune mamiriyoni masere chete. Kune dzimba dzinozivikanwa dzakadai seLake Ritsa uye Gegsky Falls.

Miti yeAbkhazia yakasiyana chaizvo. Kune zviuru zvinopfuura zvitatu nehafu zvezvirimwa. Inenge hafu yenharaunda yenyika yakazara nemasango. Dzinokura miti yakareba-yakasvibiswa - oak, hornbeam, chestnut, nezvimwe. Kune dzakawanda fir nemasipuresi masango mukati memakomo. Panzvimbo dzakakwirira kupfuura makiromita maviri, pane mhiri ine meadows uye masango akaputsika. Kunyange yakakwirira - chando chisingaperi kana dombo-ruvara.

Pakati pemhuka dzakawanda dzinowanikwa mumasango emasango eAbkhazia, lynx nemabhesi, roe deer uye mbongoro tsvuku, mhuka dzomusango nemakava. Trout uye salmon, pike-perch nedzimwe hove dzinogara mumvura yemvura.