Polarization pamusoro dielectrics

A Chiitiko umo rikaitika insulator ishoma mune mari misha zvine mhosva, kana pane dzokai dzemagetsi dipoles, vakagamuchira zita iri wefizikisi polarization pamusoro dielectrics. Panguva iyi kunogona kuitika kana nomuzvarirwo, nokuda munyika zvinokonzera, kana pasi simba nechitarisiko ehondo, pakutanga kwezvose, minda yemagetsi.

The physico-kwemasvomhu kufungisisa muitiro kunoratidzwa ne polarization Vector inomirira dipole duku, izvo kunoonekwa toreva pamwero mukuru dielectric vhoriyamu. Kazhinji mashoko akapoteredza zvokunyama kushandiswa nyore mashoko - polarization. parameter ichi chinoshandiswa kwete chete kuratidza macroscopic mamiriro. Rinogona kushandiswa kurondedzera chero mananara pamwe ehupfumi kuti munguva polarization pamusoro dielectrics.

Pahwaro nemashoko aya, tinogona kuronga nevakawanda chiratidzo pakati chinonakidza. ezvinhu akadai dielectric umo zviri dzakaonekwa pamberi dipole nguva nenguva neimwe pfungwa bhuku kwayo, uye kuratidza polarization pakati dielectrics.

Fani iyi chinoreva zvakawanda zvakasikwa. Kusiyanisa mhuka dzakadai vakafurira polarization pamusoro dielectrics, kuti anokonzerwa simba nechitarisiko yemagetsi minda, kwatangwa, akaumba pasina nechitarisiko yomuchipatara polarization zvemaziso (ferroelectric) chakaumbwa kuitwa zvemaziso vamiririri, kupisa iyo unovapo nokuda tembiricha nokufamba.

The peculiarity kuti polarization somunhu wenyama chakajairika ndechokuti ine anongoda hapana zvainoita kukosha zvachose mutariri ane homogeneous dielectric, chero pfungwa bhuku racho haina vakasarudzwa. Panguva iyoyowo, polarization ndepana nokuumbwa akasungwa mhosva pamusoro dielectric pemvura. kupomera izvi mune matsime munda mamwe makakatanwa, iro chinotungamirwa pamusoro Vector ari kwokunze vektori munda.

Kunokosha panyaya inomira, uye polarization pamusoro dielectrics kupatsanura maererano yayo zvigadziriswe. In iyi zvinosanganisira marudzi akadaro:

- Kutama runozivisa zvokuvakisa umo mamiriro anonyatsooneka kuoneka akaturikidzana nedzimwe conductivity. polarization kwakadaro dzinoratidzwa kunonoka kuita;

- Electronic polarization ndiko kutamisira anoshongwa kwemaatomu pasi pokudzora kwokunze yemagetsi minda. Izvi - the uchitsanya mhando polarization;

- Ion kunoratidzwa chete zvinhu sezvo zvemagetsi, asi muchiitiko chino hapana misha zvemabhomba kwemaatomu, unomutsa raiva pedyo nebundu mamiriro rekristaro yekamuri zvinhu;

- dipole, kana sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi zvevhiki polarization kunoratidzwa yakawanda nezvinhu, mhaka inova mari huru simba rokukunda dzomunyika vavanozivana navo dielectric. Nokuti dzidziso pamusoro polarization pakati dielectric unhu chakajairika kuti yakajeka dzidziso pamusoro dipoles;

- Erekitironi kutandara kunoratidzwa kuva chaicho wezwi kuremara maerekitironi;

- Ion-kutandara polarization dielectrics unoratidzwa zvinofamba ions kuti nhaka simba dzakawanda kwokubatana ndokuinama stably ari sekristaro yekamuri nodes zvinhu mamiriro;

- chidhina kunoratidzwawo mune imwe dzidziso dielectric okunze, asi muchiitiko chino zvinhu izvi ndiyo-siyana nouipi, iyo unotora munhu dielectric fuma. polarization ichi kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma;

- kwatangwa (kwatangwa) kuchengetwa dielectrics rurefu chaizvo permeability parameters, dzinonzi ferroelectrics;

- dzinoratidzwa madimbu dielectric resonance kakawanda pakati maerekitironi dzimwe frequencies kuita payo munda, saka, chaizvoizvo, zita rakadaro.

Kazhinji, nguva dzose, kunze resonant polarization, ukoshi hwayo rinosvika vaifanira mu kunofambira mberi minda.