Mabviro mutauro wokuRussia uye ayo lexical marongerwo

mutauro Russian ndorwevaya zhinji mitauro necheSalvic, izvo akakamurwa East necheSalvic (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian), West necheSalvic (Polish, Czech, Slovak) uye South necheSalvic (Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian uye Slowinski).

Mabviro mutauro wokuRussia

The date rokutanga kuti kuudza nezvechitarisiko chake, wakazaruka kune IX remakore BC, panguva apo kuumbwa necheSalvic kunyora. Mashoko akavimbika pamusoro madzinza necheSalvic ndeyemunguva IV remakore. Munguva dzino paitova mapoka matatu chikuru Slavs, saka, uye mitauro. Zvisinei, vava kusvika IX-X emakore, apo akanga kunyora, paiva saka zvakafanana kwayo zvivakamutauro marongerwo uye lexical marongerwo kuti marudzi akasiyana-siyana aigona nyore kunzwisisa mumwe. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mavambo mutauro Russian nevamwe necheSalvic rinotanga kubva vakawanda drevnetserkovnoslavyanskogo kana Church Old.

Uyewo, mitauro necheSalvic vari chikamu Indo-European, izvo zvinosanganisirawo Greek, Latin, Modern Romance, eGermany, Celtic, Baltic mitauro, uye mimwe mitauro India uye Iran. Zvinenge sokuti, pakati ano Persian, wokuAlbania Russian mutauro haana kuita. Zvisinei, apo okufananidza nhoroondo pachisara anogona kuzivisa zvimwe hwaro, ichi kunoratidza kuti mitauro yose kungova Indo-European boka, ari chaizvo, zvikuru nguva yakanga yakajairika mutauro "chikuva" - Indo-European mutauro, umo waitanga kuzvimirira kukura. Uyewo, mutauro Proto-necheSalvic aiva nheyo Slav, raiva mutauro wokuRussia. Mabviro upi wavo, saka zvichiitika refu kwazvo, kunzwisisa uye zvikuru pamakakatanwa, kuti asimbise zvinokonzera akavamba zvinogoneka chete nokuenzanisa chishoma zvikuru munhoroondo Data ine zviyo, zvakasara rekare shoko-siyana uye mutauro constructs.

Mabviro mashoko mumutauro weRussia

Mutauro mutauro Russian Modern rakavapo pamusoro yakareba chaizvo nguva. Pfungwa inotungamirwa lexical maumbirwo mutauro mumwe, kusanganisira Russian, hunonyatsobatana kukura rudzi, nhoroondo kukura vanhu. At moyo izvi akataura zvinoriumba maviri: a mashoko primordial kuti yaiva mutauro kubva kare, uye chikwereti mashoko, ayo zvishoma kuva chikamu chacho lexical hurongwa.

Mugore nemakore Russian Mutauro zvinobatana mapoka mashoko Indo-European, East necheSalvic, Old Russian uye Russian nezvigadziko chaizvoizvo achinongedza kwakabva mutauro wokuRussia.

Indo-European Mutauro akapinda Russian kubva hwakare kuti raiva kuroora mutauro kwechiSlavonic. Aya ndiwo mashoko anoratidza ukama: mai, baba, mwanasikana; mhuka, nzombe, gwai; kudya - pfupa, nyama uye nevamwe.

Mashoko zvakafanana necheSalvic mutauro nhaka mitauro kubatana marudzi necheSalvic, kubva munenge VI remakore AD Zviri izwi kureva zvinomera uye fauna of - madota, shizha, pomuouki, huni, dondo, mudzi, davi, mapfunde, pizi, bhari, etc. Izvi boka lexical unosanganisira pfungwa rinoratidza zvishandiso Workflow - nebadza, navanoruka micheka, jira, chiredzo, nokuchengetedza, etc. Mashoko chokuita nyaya pokugara, zvokudya, zvemumba, shiri nemhuka.

Mashoko mumutauro wokuRussia ndowenyika East necheSalvic kana Old Russian nemashoko. Aibva munguva inotungamirwa Kievan Rus, raisanganisira amarudzi Eastern Slavs. Aya ndiwo mashoko kuitika necheSalvic mumitauro Eastern matatu chete, somuenzaniso, zvichiratidza kunaka kuita - zvakanaka, rokotat; pamwero ukama - danho-mwanasikana, babamunini: vamwe mazita shiri nemhuka, etc.

Chaizvoizvo mutauro Russian nemashoko akazviratidza mutauro pashure paumbwe Great Russian nyika, paakatanga kutora chimiro uye kukudziridza mutauro National Russian, pamusoro XVII remakore. Ndivo vamwe pfungwa anoratidza zvemumba uye zvokudya - makabheji mabhanzi, pai, belyashi; Action mazita - zvinoerera, pwanyai, tuka; zvimwe zvisiri pachena - chiitiko kumusoro, kubiridzira, etc.

Pakupedzisira, chinokosha lexical boka iri Russian mutauro nohumwe shoko-nokukwereta, yaisanganisira mairi iri nedanho tsika, ezvokutengeserana, zvechiuto uye enyika ukama nedzimwe nyika. Mashoko akadaro zvishoma kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu, kureva, vaiva chikamu mururimi rwavo uye wokumwe mutauro zvishoma nezvishoma vakarasika zvarinoreva. In mutauro wokuRussia, ivo kupinda zvose kubva akarondedzera necheSalvic mitauro, uyewo vasiri necheSalvic. Mashoko akawanda vave akakweretwa kubva muchiGiriki munguva kubatana marudzi necheSalvic. Scientific Mutauro uye mazwi vakawanda vanouya kwatiri kubva muchiLatin. Mashoko Turkic mutauro (vazhinji Tatars) vakapinda mutauro wokuRussia somugumisiro yokutanga nemagariro noukama uye dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya vachirwisa. Mumwe mapoka akawanda vanoumba nokukwereta kubva mumitauro Western Europe, nokuda tsika, zvemitemo, zvechiuto uye enyika kuchinja Russian wehurumende, kubva panguva Peter.

Nezvekwakabva mutauro Russian uye ayo lexical marongerwo hwakada chokuita mavambo, inotungamirwa uye kubudirira rudzi, wokuRussia rudzi uye hurumende, nokuti mutauro - chinhu chisinganzwisisiki, "kurarama", kuwedzera "muviri", kudura uye tichiratidza dambudziko pezvakaitwa iri evanhu.