Kwakabva mashoko

It - zviri zvikuru dzakasiyana chakajairika, raiva chete murume. Rinogona kushandiswa kuratidza mashoko anokosha, kutaura pfungwa dzavo, dzinonyevera. Pasina kuwedzerera, tinogona kutaura kuti isu - ndiko kuti chii chinobatanidza vanhu kupinda vanhu, achivabvumira kushamwaridzana nomumwe.

Asi chete vanhu vachitaura, vari pachena uye exhaustively kuratidza musimboti zviri kuitika. The chairema kutaura - ishoko chinoratidza pfungwa kana kutanga. Uye ichi haisi mubatanidzwa mazwi. Chokwadi kuti mavambo mashoko - naMwari, Bhaibheri rinoti. Uye chokwadi ndechokuti, zvinoita sokuti, chiizve kutsanangura chipo chinoshamisa kutaura pfungwa mubatanidzwa anoverengeka ruzha, zviito, zvivako uye zvakavapo?

Zvisinei, isu hatingazvirumbidzi yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora zvidzidzo uye zvemutauro kutaura nyaya. tumitauro All uye tumitauro havafaniri kuonekwa. Naizvozvo, Somuenzaniso, tora pakabva shoko Russian. Ivo vaviri-refu nguva nhaka uye muenzaniso zvavo unyanzvi. Noumwe nguva, maererano masayendisiti, paiva mutauro chete vanhu Indo-European, vakanga zvakananga vazukuru vemadzinza Proto-necheSalvic. Kubva izvi, akavapindurawo, paiva Russian. Nengano nyaya yacho Slavs ari mundima zvavari zvishoma nezvishoma dzibatane mutauro vakanyangarika, Zvaparara kupinda tumitauro zhinji, iyo gare gare vakaumba kupinda yoga mitauro. Panguva iyoyo vari zvakasiyana kuti vatakuri avo kazhinji havambokwanisi vakonana.

Proto-necheSalvic duramazwi chaizvoizvo ane midzi Indo-European, asi sezvo Slavs zvakasimba navo uye ubatanidzwewo hwakakanyiwa nemamwe marudzi, mutauro wavo ari kutanga pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu mitauro wevechitendero (migumisiro nevanhu VaSitiya vakarondedzera madzinza), uye ipapo - the gothic (chikonzero - kukunda Nyika Goths). Hatidi kunyange vanofungidzira kuti makore mamwe mashoko kuti tinoshandisa zuva ose, mazana, kana kunyange zviuru zvemakore. Mumwe muenzaniso nyore. Munhu wose anoziva Shoko "bereka". Ndizvo chete chaizvoizvo Old kwechiSlavonic rinoshandurwa se "uchi aitarisira, 'kana uchi inodya. zvakanga akasikwa mubatanidzwa mashoko maviri mudzi. Uye saizvozvo (mudzi + suffix mudzi +) akawandisa mashoko Russian. More mienzaniso - zvevafundisi, Vakamupfekedza, musoro wakaveurwa, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Rimwe shoko pezvakaitwa kusikwa - kuwedzera shoko suffixes itsva, kazhinji kuchinja zvinoreva mashoko. Kunze mienzaniso yakawanda. Shoko "shavishavi" rinobva pashoko "Baba" - kubva Slavs yekare vaidavira kuti pashure pokufa mukadzi dzikava kungozvifunga.

Pane imwe nzira rokuumba mashoko matsva - icho kutevedzera ruzha, kusanganisira ruzha zvakasikwa (somuenzaniso, shoko "neshiri yegungwa", "hon'a", etc.). Zvichida nzira iyi inoshandiswa chinyakare vanhu. Zvakadini shoko "imbwa", "shumba", "katsi" - hazvisi nokuda godo nemitinhimira yezvakasikwa, uye kwete kuwedzera nemidzi mashoko? Vanogara kushandiswa dzakakurumbira pakutaura. Mashoko akafanana vane mimwe mitauro yokuEurope - zvinoreva kuti mashoko aya chizvarwa Russian, uye nhoroondo dzavo iri midzi mumwe mutauro, Proto-necheSalvic.

Zvinofanira akati kuti dzidziso Indo-European mavambo German, Gaelic, Greek, necheSalvic, Sanskrit, Latin, kwete pasina chikonzero. Somuenzaniso, muna Hindi uye Persian, pane mashoko zvikuru zvakafanana vazvo muna necheSalvic kana weGermany mitauro.

anonakidza kwakabva vanopika mashoko. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvadzaimboita asina kufanira. Kwakabva mashoko, vanonzi nokutuka, akwegura kwazvo (kwete kusanganisira vamwe vakabva mimwe mitauro). Vanhu Vakawanda musazvitenda. Asi kufarira mashoko mazhinji vane tsamba "b" kamwe raireva "akarasika", rinobva pashoko "famba". Zvakanga chete pave paya, haana nayo kureva chinhu chimwe chete nhasi. Rakanga kunaka pasi Empress Anne Ioannovne, izvo zvakarambidzwa izvozvo.

Words akadana vechirume pabonde nhengo dziri Proto-necheSalvic midzi, vane analogs dzavo mumitauro yose necheSalvic. mazana mazhinji emakore akapfuura havana kufanira. Shoko kubva Sanskrit yekare, nokupfuuridzirwa nedanho kurara, zvakafanana zvikuru Russian ishamwari yake, saka, shoko iri riri kwazvo yekare.

Saka, vakawanda, mutauro wedu ane nhoroondo refu - kwakabva mashoko avo kupfuura midzi proto Indo-Aryan marudzi, uye zvichida kunyange zvakadzama. Zvisinei, zvichiri kwete zvakananga wedzinza Sanskrit, munhoroondo kwayo hwachinja. Naizvozvo, kwakabva mashoko mutauro wedu - kwete zvachose Indo-European, uye pamwe - Asian zvishomanana - French, Latin, nechiGiriki uye Chirungu.