Baikal-Lensky Nature Reserve: dzinonakidza chokwadi, mapikicha. Nemiti uye Fauna of Baikal-Lena Reserve

Munyaya ino tinoda kutaura pamusoro Baikal-Lena Reserve. Kuuya Baikal, vanhu vashoma vanofunga kuti zvakanga pano kuti chishamiso kuti achengetedze pristine yakasiyana fauna of uye kasvisto, uyewo akaronga zvinhu kuti hwomutambarakede mutsigiro vashanyi.

Uise chengetedza nzvimbo

Baikal-Lensky Nature Reserve yakatangwa 1986. It iri munharaunda Olkhon uye Kachugsky District muna Irkutsk mudunhu. The chikuru Vavariro sangano rake kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvivako, izvo yo okumusoro-kumadokero Baikal nharaunda. The kuchengeterwa Anotambanudza pamwe kumadokero chikamu kwegungwa 120 makiromita. nzvimbo Its zvachose kunopfuura 659,000 hectares.

Mundima Baikal-Lena Reserve iri kuchamhembe chikamu mumakomo okumaodzanyemba kweSiberia. Akatora kumaodzanyemba Baikal Mountains, raiva pamberi Sayano-Baikal gomo nharaunda.

Buffer mapazi weveta nzvimbo seismicity. Mugore pane kuti kudengenyeka mazana maviri.

Climate yaidzivirira mapazi

The dzinotaurwa Baikal-Lena Reserve kazhinji Continental. Mugore ikoko chinozova 400 millimeters pamusoro kunayisa. Mumakomo muchando kuunganidza snowpack huru, iyo richiparadzirwa kwete noruvara pamusoro nzvimbo dzakasiyana. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti izvi chando makore ndiwo kunobva mvura nemhuka. Mune crevices echando anogona -wedzera kwemakore uye asingauyi zvinonyauka kunyange mumazuva akanyanya kupisa muchirimo.

Water pfuma

Mundima Baikal-Lena Reserve akapfuma mvura. Zviri pano kuti kwakabva ari Lena River, 250 makiromita izvo runoyerera kuburikidza dzakachengetedzwa nyika. Ndezvemhuri yakawanda kutsanya hova gomo uye nenzizi. The Kudeuka ndiwo: allyl, Anay, Negnaday, Yuhta, Pankucha. Panobva Lena - duku nyanza, riri pamusoro mujinga kuwanda matatu chete kubva Lake Baikal.

Mukati kuchengeterwa vari madhamu akawanda. Vose diki uye anowanzoshandurwa riri floodplains yorwizi mumipata. Total nzvimbo mvura mitumbi anenge 2,5 zviuru hectares.

Baikal-Lena Reserve: chirimwa

Climatic, Geological, nenzvimbo zviri kuchengeterwa kwakakonzera peculiarity pakati Maruva nharaunda iyi. Flora parizvino ane marudzi mazana matatu lichens, zana namakumi matatu mhando notumwe, mosses namakumi manomwe navashanu, mazana mapfumbamwe namakumi maviri mhando zvinomera.

Dzakachengetedzwa nzvimbo iri muna taiga (dondo) nharaunda. Sezvo iye dzinotaurwa kumuganhu rwokuyera Eurasian Sub-nzvimbo subregions akawanda: East Siberian Coniferous huni-uye-Evrosibirskuyu rima coniferous dondo. Heino zvakakurumbira Baikal-Lena Reserve. Fauna, somugumisiro, akapa yakasiyana zvachose zvirimwa vaviri Sub-kumatunhu.

Reserve zvinomera vanomirirwa nezvemarudzi nomwe dzakasiyana: dondo, inowanzorimwa, shrub, nomumatondo uye achinaya mvura. Chokwadi, dondo kunodzora. Forest ndiyo chikamu makumi masere nematanhatu.

Mukati Reserve, pane mana navanomwe mhando relict zvinomera. Alpine inowanzorimwa uye dzegirini kuva nzvimbo yakanaka Plant Conservation, sezvo vakanga dzoga. Of relict zvirimwa zvikure pano: Marshal zvakarungwa, hanyanisi Altai, Astragalus, Hedysarum dzinoparadza.

On nyika Baikal-Lena Reserve ndiye chirimwa matatu marudzi akanyorwa muna Red muBhuku Russia. It Turchaninov bvudzi uswa, polushnik kolyuchesporovy, epipogium bezlisty, yartyshnik shlemonosny uye nevamwe.

Baikal-Lena Reserve (mufananidzo rakapiwa munyaya) riri mukati taiga rokufambira, asi nekuti munokura misipuresi Siberian spruce, nemisidhari, larch, Birch, zvikwenzi, hemlock kurogolovchataya, emisidhari nezvimwe Salad mbiya. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti ari kuchengeterwa pane miti yakasiyana Sub-kumatunhu, vose dzakashandisa kukura ezvinhu, vachatongerwa ukachinja.

Hapana chakavanzika kuti Baikal bheseni iine microclimate pachavo chaiyo, iyo inoumbwa mubatanidzwa napedyo kuna Mountains Baikal uye Baikal pacharo. Zvino Zvinoumba ivhu iri avasakadza zvinomera Baikal-Lena Reserve. Pagomo mujinga zvinomera zviri kurongwa maererano altitudinal zvikamu.

Masango pano vanomirirwa coniferous miti: larch, nemipaini, nemisidhari, spruce, Siberian omusipiresi. Makumi manomwe kubva muzana musango chinosanganisira coniferous rudzi, uye matatu chete - nayo hardwoods. In mipata enzizi vachikura duku Ashera wemishambangwena.

Ari kuchengeterwa zvakapararira Deciduous masango, uye vari rwizi mumipata uye pamusoro dzakatenuka.

Baikal-Lensky kuchengeterwa: zvinomera nemhuka

Pari Reserve isingachinji dzokugara 54 mhando mhuka, iyo mhando gumi - insectivores, shanu - zviremwaremwa, gumi - dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya, shanu - zvinetsoka hoofed mhuka, nemakonzo, nemapfumbamwe, mumwe pinnipeds.

Zvikara ndivo rakajairika Sable, ermine, otter, Chidembo. Anosangana uye wolverine. Asi chamatebwe zvisinganyanyi kuitika. Lynx rinowanikwa chete zasi-kumavirira chengetedza.

Mhumhi muzvikamu izvi vazhinji, nhamba yavo chokuita pamberi ungulates zvakananga. Makava yakatekeshera chete mugomo-sango-inowanzorimwa nzvimbo wokumaodzanyemba Baikal kumahombekombe, kunyange dzimwe nguva vanogona naJessica mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Zvisvundu bere rudzi chiratidzo Reserve. Ndicho chikuru chikara kuti inogarwa pano nharaunda dzinenge yose. Ungulate vanhu runotsamira pezvinomera, Nzvimbo, chando chando, uye zvimwewo zvakawanda. Ungulates Baikal-Lena Reserve vanomirirwa mhuka: musk nondo, tsvuku nondo (tsvuku nondo), poro, Elk, nondo. Red nondo uye musk nondo anoparadzirwa munyika munharaunda. Stony anogara pamusoro mujinga kumadokero chikamu Mountains Baikal.

Lagomorphs vanomirirwa ari kuchengeterwa dzakawanda kwemarudzi: kuchamhembe pikas uye gomo netsuro. Kuwanda mhuka idzi hakusi kugara, izvozvo dzinosiyana gore negore.

Kubva nemakonzo Baikal-Lensky Nature Reserve ari inogarwa squirrels, Chipmunks achibhururuka squirrels. Pakati zvisingawanzoitiki mhuka inokosha day of marmot anogara pano. Ari dziri muna Red muBhuku Russia, Buryatia uye Irkutsk nharaunda. Nokuti mhuka dzakawanda zvisingawanzoitiki chakava musha Baikal-Lena Reserve. Mhuka kubva Red Book vari pasi kudzivirira uye vakachengeteka.

The kuchengeterwa zvakare kumusha refu-tailed pasi tsindi, muskrat, kugarazve pano chete ramakumi mana rokubata rokupedzisira remakore. Uye kubva nemakonzo duku ndiyo inonyanya pfumbu madziro vole. It rinokosha zvikuru nokuti Sable chikafu nezvimwe vamiririri nezvikara. A chaiwo ugere taiga ndiwo Asian inowanzorimwa mbeva. Pano zvichengetedzwe kunyange daurskie hamsters, uye kunyange Lemming akawanikwa ari taiga mosses. Chisimbiso kazhinji chaizvo mune Baikal pamahombekombe.

Shiri Nature chengetedza

kunakidza chaizvo ndiye Baikal-Lensky hunhu kuchengeterwa, kasvisto uye fauna of zviri zvikuru siyana. Pane chaizvoizvo kushamisa inhamba nemhuka, riri mukati ndima iyoyo.

Kana shiri, vari pano, pane mazana maviri namakumi matanhatu marudzi. Ndiani handiye pano. gagaroobraznye iyi Falconiformes, cuculiformes, zhuravleobraznvye, apodiformes nevamwe vazhinji. Kubva yakatarwa iyi zvipenyu zviri Red Data Book kweRussia akanyorwa gumi howa: chinyamudzura, dema neshuramurove, Pallas kwakaita Fish Eagle, gyrfalcon, gondo chena-tailed, belladonna, yegungwa chena, bustards nevamwe.

Nhamba huru shiri vagere boreal dondo. Vamwe zvepanyama hurongwa vane zvishoma vakawanda.

Amphibians uye hove kuchengetedza nharaunda

Zvinokambaira uye amphibians munzvimbo anopira Siberian uye gura matatya uye Siberian salamander. Panewo akawanda mhando madzvinyu. Mumwe wavo - viviparous, uye wechipiri - nimble. Pane mhando mbiri nenyoka.

Kana hove, Reserve musha wavo kuti gumi nerimwe marudzi: gadiformes, carps, Salmoniformes. Izvi haibatanidzi siyana pasi pemvura navagere Baikal Lake, sezvazvakaita kwete kuchengetedzwa nzvimbo.

mhando makumi mana nemapfumbamwe kubva algae hwakanyorwa mudhamu. Rakajairika mitema algae. Rakakura madhamu uye mhando Kuronga zooplankton.

chengetedza zvinokwezva

Baikal-Lena Reserve (mufananidzo kuratidza runako munzvimbo idzi) - hakusi chete nemiti uye fauna of pano ine zvinokwezva ayo. Izvi zvinosanganisira Cape Ryty, panobva Lena, mushakabvu Cape gomo Onholoy, hunhu museum of Baikal-Lena Reserve.

Cape Ryty - rakasiyana wevasungwa kwechitendero, nhoroondo uye zviwanikwa nzvimbo. zvichida Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo tsvene-asinganzwisisiki kweLake Baikal. Maererano nengano zviri kuvakwa pamusoro payakangopfuura ghostly mumuzinda denga mwanakomana. Vemo aitya kuomerera pamhenderekedzo, uye kunyange zvakawanda kupinda rokumupata. Zvikuru havana kuda akatsamwisa midzimu. Uye pamusoro Rita rwizi ngano zhinji.

Panobva Lena - zviri rakanaka, anokwezva, asi dzisingambosvikiki kuruzhinji kunzvimbo. Riri makiromita gumi chete kubva Lake Baikal. At kunobva muchechi emapuranga yakavakwa.

Kana mugomo Onholoy vanhu veko funga dzvene. Kubva panguva yakare paiva minyengetero. Inenge chaipo pegomo pane hwakanaka sandara nharaunda murwi wematombo ukapisa murwi pamusoro mumwe mumazuva akare. Vakawana kuti matombo 1999. Hapana mubvunzo kuti ichi ndicho basa murume. Zvichida pakanga minyengetero.

Baikal-Lensky State Reserve ine Museum yayo, riri munzvimbo administrative chivako muguta Irkutsk. Kune Exhibits ose kasvisto uye fauna of kuchengetedzwa nyika.

A yakanaka uye rakasiyana nzvimbo - the Baikal-Lena Reserve. Interesting zvinhu paupenyu mhuka dzinogona kuwanikwa pano, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kuona. Pane pamahombekombe dzakachengetedzwa nzvimbo shava unobereka. Saka ainzi romumhenderekedzo yegungwa ubvise pakati Headlands maviri. A Cape akawana zita raro nokuti kuti muna May, mabheya muka uye vachidzungaira pamhenderekedzo kudya zvipembenene. Munguva iyi shure kwavo kunakidza chaizvo rindai, unogona kutora pikicha yacho wehondo taiga.

Munzvimbo Cape vanhu vakafa pazuva kuchengeterwa pane vaviri rinoputika chaizvo kare, izvo vanonzi Sunny uye Cedar. Zvisinei dzakatanga ivo kwazvo refu nguva, namazuva iwayo, apo pakanga pasina vanhu.

Asi Cape Vakafa vakatenda itsvene kuti Buryats. Vanoti izvi vakauya muviri kumahombekombe kure Lake Baikal uye akavasiya akafa, sezvo vachiti, kuti zvikara zvesango uye neshiri.

Munguva kuchengeterwa pane chimwe chete nzvimbo chete apo ngarava kuuya uye pane mueni imba vashanyi. Karekare kwakange mined quartzites, chaiyo nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kuti ndikunde Zavorotnaya kusiyiwa kunze panoitwa munyika kuchengetedza nharaunda. Zvisinei, izvozvo hazvina isa pacharo zvishoma anoyevedza. Mvura apo panopinda chakajeka, asi kwemarudzi anoyevedza kuti hazvibviri kutarisa kure. Oh, uye rimwezve ndinoiitawo pamusoro Zavorotnaya akabvumidza hove.

Kudzivirirwa mundima chengetedza wacho

The nokushanda kwadzinoita ari kuchengeterwa rimwe zvikuru ndechokuratidza kudzivirira nharaunda yayo. Uye nyaya iyi yava kukurumidza kuitwa chaizvo. Active kukura pedyo nyika, ichi chinoreva vainyanya masango kwaita refu pfungwa vanhu pamusoro kumuganhu kuchengetedzwa mapazi. Uye muchirimo uye chirimo vakawedzera uwandu revashanyi vanouya uye kugadzirisa pano "savages." izvi zvose zvinotungamirira nokuwedzera kwenhamba yezvigumbuso. Vamwe vavo havana kwakaunzwa asi vamwe vakaitwa aine vavariro yakaipa. Local vomumusha neapo tichiita poaching, kunyange zvazvo vose refu anozivikanwa kuti kunovhima munzvimbo idzi hakubvumidzwi. Kuti adzivise mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro vanofanira kuramba varipo dzinenge ehurumende vaongorori.

Zvisinei, mukuru kukuvadza vanhu vakapfuma vanoda kunovhima Baikal. Kuti vaite izvi, vanoshandisa gliders, zvemuchadenga kunovhima ungulates. On mhepo senga kwakadaro vanogona kusvika kupfuura kure uye zvakaoma nzvimbo.

Achishandisa mamiriro enzvimbo features, Vanotyora mutemo Vakasimwa pamusoro Headlands, uye kutengeserana nemambure. Chokwadi, mashoko uye hwokugadzira mujinga kuchengeterwa seri ano vanochiva izvo kunotadzisa zvinobudirira kurwisa poaching. Kunyange zvakadaro, mishumo vari kunyora pagore uye nonotsa Vanotyora mutemo, sohunobishairira kudzorwa.

Uyezve, kuti achengetedze moto ngozi chaizvo. Pari panyaya kuchinjwa moto kubva dzaiva pedyo. Izvi imhaka kwemitengo yezvinhu avhiyesheni mabasa moto kuonekwa uye kudzvinyirira. Nokuti yakasiyiwa. Asi panjodzi kuti kutsanya hazvibviri kutakura kana pakufamba, uye izvi zvinotungamirira ndechokuti moto rinova unmanageable uye kupararira kundima yakatokura.

Naizvozvo, rimwe gore mubvunzo pamusoro kusikwa rinokosha akadzivirirwa nzvimbo yakapoteredza chengetedza. Uye nyaya iyi kuramba kukosha. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo nyaya haisi kugadziriswa.

Research basa chengetedza

Research rabota- rimwe kukosha mabasa ose chengetedza. Zvadaro kuitisa tsvakurudza uye kuongorora muminda zvesayenzi siyana. All zvainanga nokudzidza zvakasikwa zvinhu uye zvivako. Kunotangwa dzinokosha matanho ari kuchengetedza uye kudzorerwa nevanhu pamusoro panjodzi marudzi.

basa rekudzidzisa

Kubva pakutanga nguva ivepo, zvavanobata yeparutivi kunyatsoshandira kusimudzira zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza tsika pakati yevagari. Uyewo, Reserve anopinda vakawanda Vatsvakurudzi kuitira kuwedzera zivo yavo.

Museum of Baikal-Lena Reserve kudzidzisa vaduku vaenzi uye vakuru.

On mundima kuchengetedzwa nzvimbo dzakabudirira uye nhatu kushandiswa migwagwa zvipenyu kuti anobvumira yakachena muoti vazive vashanyi pamwe runako kuchengeterwa uye kwete kukuvadza panguva iyoyo kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

Gore negore Reserve akabudisa mabasa nezvezvinhu zvakasikwa, akabvisa zvemafaro anonzi, zvimwe iyo gare gare kutepfenyurwa paterevhizheni.

Regai yokunzvenga kuteerera uye vokusekondari vane tariro huru nekuda ramangwana riri nani zvakatipoteredza.

panzvimbo imwe epilogue

In Munyaya yedu tichataura pamusoro zvinofadza sei uye yakanaka Baikal-Lena Reserve. Brief Article hazviiti kubudisa zvose zviri pamusoro akadzivirira nzvimbo iyi. Chokwadi, Reserve kodzero yokunyanyofungwa uye vakakodzera kushanya. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa Zvisinei, kuti chinhu namahwindo nzvimbo. For vaibvakacha uye campers vane anokosha nzvimbo yokuzorora uye pane nzira chaiyo kuti zvingaonekwa akapfuura sechikamu asingandirayiridzi Tours. izvi zvose yakarongwa kuitira kudzivirira yendima kuitira kudzivirira zvakaipa kasvisto omunharaunda uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Kunyanya akanaka kuchengeterwa muchirimo uye chirimo, ichi ndicho chakanakisisa nguva yokuti vakazorora uye musango. Zvisinei, ziva kuti kuvhima uye kuredza munzvimbo yakadzivirirwa hakubvumidzwi.