Icelandic: nhoroondo pfupi uye mukuru zvechadenga emashoko. Ungadzidzei Icelandic?

Iceland - a nyika kwazvo mupfumi nhoroondo uye yakaisvonaka zvakasikwa. Njodzi mutauro Icelandic haagoni kunzi munhuwo. Vanhu vakawanda vanoziva kuti mushure kukunda mumwe mamiriro yomumwe mutauro wenyika akakundwa mamiriro, sezvinoita ushe, simba uye haarambi, sezvazvakange zvakaita Norway, apo vokuDenmark vakakunda nyika. Pasinei nokuti vokuDenmark vakaedza kupinda mutauro pachake munyika, Icelandic, akapikisa kwete chete yakakuwandira of Danish, asi akaramba kunyanya kukurukura uye mabhuku mutauro. Vokumaruwa anongoti haadi kugamuchira Danish, chete chiduku wevanhu vakadzidza vaigona kuzvirumbidza zivo. Icelandic mabasa uye tsamba yakanyorwa nomumwe nomumwe, uye akatanga kudhinda mabhuku.

mavambo

Icelandic - mutauro ine nhoroondo huru. Rinoreva boka rimwe weGermany uye Air subgroup. Nhoroondo mutauro Icelandic rakatanga apo vokutanga kugara kubva Norway nyuchi munyika Iceland vake. Pamwe VaViking vakauya uye mabhuku. Zvadaro muna 1000 ari Icelanders kuchiKristu akauya shure yakaonekwa kunyora. Papera chinguva, paiva wokutanga Icelandic nhetembo. Mabasa akanga zvishoma hwakakanyiwa, pamwe oma runofarira uye dzakaoma muchichinjana. mutauro Icelandic ane kufanana zhinji pamwe Norwegian uye XII remakore, havana kusiyana, sezvo Scandinavians vakakunda Iceland. Kare zvakanga akadana Icelandic Danish, nekuti zvose nechokuita Scandinavians vekare, zvaionekwa nokuda Danish.

The nharaunda nokuparadzirwa

Munguva dzazvino mutauro Icelandic ndiyo rurimi mai vanhu vanopfuura zviuru 450, vazhinji vacho vanogara North America, Canada uye Denmark. Kunze Iceland, pane zvinoderedza uwandu vakurukuri muna Icelandic.

General zvechadenga mutauro

Mumwe mitauro ekare ari kuonekwa Icelandic. Brief nhoroondo uye mukuru unhu zvinoratidza kuti ari kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma, hapana anoita hapana nokukwereta kubva mimwe mitauro. Saka kure, zvazvinosarira rakafanana Old mutauro Odin. Inotungamirwa mashoko kunoitika kunonyanya Via suffix nzira, Chinowedzera uye tracings, kuti ndiyo shanduro chaiyo pakati rakumbirwa mashoko vatorwa. In Iceland, pane kunyange sangano chaiyo zvakagadzirirwa kusika mazita kare noenderana huripo pfungwa. Mushure kubatwa weDanish Icelandic Icelandic nyika vakaita zvose zvavanogona kuti kubvisa mashoko mumwe mutauro kwavari.

An dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti Constitution haana kunyorwa pamusoro Icelandic sechinhu mutauro mamiriro pamutemo. Mitauro kushanda vari Danish, Swedish uye Norwegian. Icelandic vadzidzi kudzidza rokumanikidzirwa mitauro miviri: Danish uye Chirungu.

Chimwe chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti Icelanders mazita ine zita uye patronymic. Zviri tsika yacho Air nyika. zita Middle rinoumbwa zita rababa iri genitive mhosva uye shoko "mwanakomana" kana "mwanasikana". Dzimwe nguva zvinogona kushandiswa zita ramai. Kuitira kudzivisa kuvhiringidzika, rinogona kushandiswa zita sekuru vake. Surnames vane vashoma vanhu. Mumuchato mudzimai anogona kutora zita yomurume wake, kana iripo.

tumitauro

Pane tumitauro maviri chete:

• rwokumusoro;
• South.

Kusiyana tumitauro kunozivisa mutauro Icelandic, vane mashoko haasi zvikuru zvakasiyana, rinojekesa kuti kuchamhembe uye okumabvazuva tumitauro zvakawanda akafanana chakasiyana pamusoro jargon mhando, sezvo kukura tumitauro hakuna kunaka chaizvo. Musiyano chete ndechokuti kumaodzanyemba remutauro pakati emakonzonendi S., t, K vari akazivisa zvakaneta uye preaspiratsiey, uye kuchamhembe vari iziviswe sezvo rinyerere uye aspirated.

arufabheti

Chokwadi vamwe vaida kudzidza sei kudzidza mutauro Icelandic, nekuti hazvina chete akanaka, asi anovanza guru zviitiko uye nyaya vakashinga uye vakasimba VaViking. The Icelandic arufabheti 32 tsamba. It inobva mureza arufabheti, vakasikwa XIX remakore. Papera chinguva, yava ndavhiyiwa zvimwe zvachinja. Vamwe tsamba uye sezvine nomweni kuti mutauro wokuRussia, saka kudzidza Icelandic, vanogona sokuti zvakaoma uye dzinovhiringidza.

Zvinotevera tsamba vari chete kushandiswa rakumbirwa mashoko.

The yokupedzisira hakuchisina rinoshandiswa pose kunze muzita yomunharaunda pepanhau.

madudziro

Panguva iyoyo, zvichienzaniswa kuti XII-XII remakore, unogona kuona kuti achinja maumbirwo mashoko ano sezvo Akashandura mutauro Icelandic. Pronunciation neimwe nzira yakasiyana chii chaiva mberi. Of mutauro akanyangarika nasal mavhawero, refu mavhawero vava diphthongs akazviratidza preaspiratsiya (chido). Asi chinhu chimwe haana kumbochinja - akawandisa inflections. Mumashoko vakachengetedzwa aaiitawo mwero. refu nzvanyira pamberi hazvo pfupi nzvanyira muna akasimbisa mabhii uye refu nzvanyira inomira pamberi pfupi nzvanyira. Emashoko emakonzonendi kwakavakirwa zvakasimba uye preasperatsii. Vataura manzwi mutauro havasi kuwanika, uye matsi regai kuitika chaizvo kakawanda. The kwokutanga mabhii anogara ndisingafungiri. Unstressed chivakashure - kashoma kwazvo Icelandic chaiyo.

Morphology

Vaya vari kuenda kudzidza mutauro Icelandic, vanofanira kuziva kuti Morphology mutauro haisi akasiyana zvikuru kubva Russian. Pane kamwe chete uye muuzhinji emazita, uyewo varume, mukadzi uye neuter. Ichienzaniswa nendimi zhinji Air, ezvinhu shoko inotungamirwa iro nyore zvikuru, kunyanya declination pamusoro emazita, Icelandic akaramba zvechokwadi patsika dzaro. Sezvo Iceland ari kure mhiri Europe, riri pamusoro yakaoma, zvinokwanisika kuchengetedza kufanana Old Odin uye Icelandic mitauro.

Icelandic ane nyaya ina: nominative, genitive, accusative uye dative. Vamwe emazita vane nyaya naye, pasina kana mubvunzo izvozvo. Pane chokwadi mbiri, umo nyaya inowedzerwa pazita, novimba zvivakamutauro achishandisa pfungwa. The mamiriro afanane Russian shoko, kuti, mudzi inowedzerwa mureza kunyaradza. Rechiito iri pfupi chimiro, dhipoziti uye mafungiro. Panewo simba uye simba verbs. Vanogona conjugated kuti munhu uye nhamba.

mazwi

Sezvo nechitarisiko mutauro, inova IX remakore, pakanga zvishoma kuti achinja. Zvinoreva chete kuti Icelanders anogona kuverenga mabasa pamusoro Old mutauro Odin nyore. Kubva New Testament akashandurirwa Icelandic muna 1540 akatanga kwayo inotungamirwa uye kubudirira. Muzana XVIII remakore, Icelanders takakumukirai kuchenesa mutauro vadzokere kushandisa mashoko ekare. Uye kana Icelandic mashoko havasi zvakakwana kureva chinhu chitsva, zvinonzi ndaizvipira kusika kubva Icelandic nemidzi yekare uye prefixes. Nemhaka ano kuchinja Icelandic Mutauro rinenge isisina chikwereti uye namashoko dzavatorwa. Pasinei nokukurumidza kukura zvesainzi, asi Icelanders vari vanyatsohuongorora kuti mabhizimisi uye mashoko matsva inotsiviwa mashoko kubva kare rako remashoko. Zvino, vazhinji mashoko vakasunungurwa kamwe kubva kushandiswa, yoku- maererano mitemo mutauro Icelandic, adzorerwe Icelanders zvishoma nezvishoma azvijaira.