Chidimbu che "Luban". "Ikoko hutapwa hwemusango huchikuvadza pamakumbo"

Mubvunzo wekusimbisa serfomu muRussia inopikisirwa nezvikoro zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvakaitika uye kupera mumazuva anenge makore makumi mashanu. Mumwe munhu akatamira kuna 1649, kune anonzi "Cathedral Code" yakaumbwa pasi peRomanovs, mumwe munhu anofunga kuti zuva ra1592 rakajeka zvakare, apo rusununguko rwevarimi kubva kune mumwe weimba kune imwe, "Yuryev Day", rakabviswa.

Vakaita sei kune bhuku reA.N. Radischeva

Kuongororwa kweSerfdom kwagara iri pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza zvakasimba. Pasi pemamiriro aya, A.N. Radishchev akanga asingatyi kuparidzira bhuku raakanyora kumba uye, kunyanya kukosha, kuparadzira. Kwatiri, zvinoratidzika kunge zvisina mhosva, asi Catherine II akazvitora semhirizhonga yakaenzana naPugachev's. Radishchev aityisidzirwa nechirwere chekufa, icho chakatsiviwa nekutaridzirwa. Kubva pairi akaponeswa chete nekufa kwaCatherine II nekuuya kwesimba raPaul I. Mukutapwa aiva nemakore matanhatu, ndokubva atumirwa kumusha wake, waiva munharaunda yeBorovo, uye kwaakagara achiri mwana.

Chidimbu chechitsauko "Luban"

Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yechitatu yeAlexander Nikolaevich mushure mekubva. Akafamba muzhizha ndokuona mumugwagwa, pedyo nemurimi, uyo mumaoko ake aiva nechigamba chekare-chema. Uye anorima munguva inopisa yemasikati, apo munhu wese anoda kuvanza kubva kunopisa kwezuva. Inoshanda zvakanaka, sokh inotendeuka zvinoshamisa nyore nyore. Zuva remitambo, risina kushanda, Svondo. Uye mufambi wacho akawana kubva pane hurukuro pamwe nevakasununguka kuti mazuva ose matanhatu aishandira tenzi. Kunyange bhiza, anopa zororo, achimusunga uye achibata yechipiri, akazorora, uye anoshanda asinganetseki. Iye nevamwe vose vari pamakorvee, uye kwete pamubhadharo. Kubva pane hurukuro mumugwagwa unotanga muchidimbu muchidimbu che "Lubani", chitsauko chakatsaurirwa kune basa rinorema guru revanhu, risina mugumo.

Obrok na corvee

Barshchina ibasa revakasungwa vanobatana avo vanoteerera chete kusagadzikana kwebaba. Inguva yakareba sei mwene weimba anoda, zvakanyanya kudai varimi vanozomushandira, nokuti iye muranda asingasauri asina kodzero.

Izvo zvinokonzerwa nemari yekubhadhara mari yevarimi kune tenzi. Mukati rekusiya, varimi vanogona kuenda kunoshanda kunyange muguta, asi kuti vauye nechimwe chezvinhu kuna tenzi wake. Uyu ndiwo mutoro unorema, asi kwete weimba yose aida kuishandisa.

Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kunyanya varidzi veminda vane makaro, kubhururuka kunosanganiswa ne corvee. Iyi nguva iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuburikidza nekuverenga chidimbu che "Luban".

Kuenderera mberi kwekutaura

Kubva pakukurukurirana iyo inosvika kuti zuva revarimi riri kushanda pana tenzi rinopedza usiku. Manheru manheru varanda vanotakura uswa kumatare emanor. Asi izvi hazvina kukwana. Vakadzi nevasikana vanofanirwawo kushandira muridzi - enda kumusango kune majikiro uye mushwa. Ikozvino zvinyorwa zvishoma zvechitsauko "Luban" zvinopa mukana wekudzidza nezvekushungurudzika kwechisimba umo vatungamiri vanochengeta varimi. Izvi zvinotarisawo kuti varimi vane vana vatatu vaduku nevanasikana vatatu, uye kuti vadye, mumwe anofanira kushanda usiku - hapana imwe nguva.

Chimwe chimiro chekutambudzwa kwevarimi

Kana tenzi wenyoka, chokwadi, hazvizoshandi zvakaoma, uye ndizvo chaizvo, nokuti hapana munhu achazvikoshesa uye haazombobhadhara chero chinhu uye haazomboti unotenda. Murimi akataura izvi pachena. Verenga zvakazara uye zvakanyatsogadzikana zve "Luban". Asi bhari yakaratidza nzira yekufambisa simba rose kubva kuvanhu. Vanopa musha wacho chibharo. Mari inotorwa kubva kumuchengeti, uye anoedza zvakanakisisa kuti azviisire oga uye anotora zvose kune peas kubva kune varimi. Uye hakuna munhu anonyunyuta. Sezvo munyori akaisa, "ganda rinobvarurwa," risingasiyi chinhu kune vanhu. Ndiwo rudzi rwekutambudzwa kwevatendi vakakwira, anotaura chidimbu chitsva cheLuba.

Uye mutemo unoti chii

Chokutanga pane vose, varimi, semunhu wose aiziva panguva iyoyo, vakaparadzaniswa kuva nyika uye varidzi veminda. Pfuma yaive nyore. Vaibhadhara chiyero chakatarwa, uye havana kuda zvakawanda kubva kwavari, uye tenzi wavo-kuti muridzi anoda sei. Uye hapana mutemo unoshanda kwavari. Ivo vari pamberi pake "vakafa," sezvakaitwa nomufambi. Vakadaro ndivo vagari veLubani. Varimi vanomira pamberi pemutemo chete kana achityisidzira vanhu. Zvino iye ari musha, uye anofanira kutongwa. Uye muridzi weimba haana kunyora murairo. Kusanganisira mumusha weLubanya, nhau pfupi pamusoro payo inofungidzirwa pano.

Nokuda kwezvakaitwa naiye mufambi wacho

Akasiya murimi, uyo kunyange zvazvo asina kunyunyutira pamusoro pezvakaipa izvi, asi haana kutora zvishoma, uye akafungisisa pamusoro pezvaakaita nemudzidzisi wake Petrushka. Akamurova nekuda kwekuti mutadzi haana nguva yekumubatsira kupfeka. Uye mufambi wacho akanzwa asinganyadziswi kunyadziswa kuti akasimudzira ruoko rwake kune uyo asina kutya kupindura nekunzwa kurohwa. Muchiziviso ichi, akazosvika pakero inotevera.

Izvi zvinopedzisa muchidimbu chechitsauko "Luban" Radishchev. Asi rwendo rwacho rwangotanga, uye kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvisingabviri zvinogona kumutsa simba rinotyisa revanhu, munyori achaona munzira yake. Nokuda kwechirevo ichi, achabhadhara zvikuru, asi mabhuku ake akaparadzwa achaenda kuruoko-rwakanyorwa. Hapana kupesana kwezviremera kune simba pamusoro peshoko rinounza chokwadi uye rusununguko.