Kuramba kunodzokorora zvidimbu munhetembo, prose nemimhanzi. Mienzaniso mumabhuku

Kuramba kunodzokorora maitiro mumimhanzi kana mumabhuku. Ndiwo musoro mukuru unotsanangura maitiro ebasa racho. Kudzokorora kwakadaro kwakatanga kuitika mumutambo wekare, asi kwakanyatsokura mumabasa evanyori vekare. Munhetembo, kudzivisa kunowanika kakawanda, vanopa rwiyo uye runyararo kune ndima uye vanoita rudzi rwechirevo chemashoko.

Rega mumimhanzi

Zvikamu zvizhinji zvemimhanzi, pasinei nehutungamiri hwavanenge vakasikwa, zvinodzokorora. Kuramba ndiwo makaridzi munziyo. Mumimhanzi yezwi, izwi iri rinoreva chiitiko icho chiri chimiro, kutanga kune zvose, kune chimiro chakadai se rondo. Zvinoreva izwi rokuti "kurega" muchiFrench ndiro rechiito "kudzokorora". Zvinotsanangurwa zvinoreva, izvo zvinoitika nhasi mumimhanzi, nhetembo uye kunyange prose, inobva kuFrance yakabva, sezvo iri chikamu chinokosha che ballad. Iyi ndiyo yakagadzirwa pakupedzisira kweMiddle Ages muFrance.

Ballad

Izwi iri riripo zvose mukutsoropodza kwemashoko uye mumhanzi. Mazana ekutanga aya akaonekwa mumavambo ekutanga, asi ivo vakanga vasati vava nechimiro chakajeka. Gare gare, apo izwi iri rakatanga kureva rwiyo kana nhetembo, zviratidzo zvakagadziriswa mazviri. Iyo huru ndeyekuvapo kwekudzokorora.

Ramba-izvi (mumabhuku nemimhanzi) zvinoreva zvinoreva, unhu hunonyanya kukoshesa mu ballad. Mienzaniso yekutanga yezvinyorwa zvemashoko mumutauro uyu yakatanga muFrench mabhuku. Gare gare, chimiro che ballad chakashandiswa nevanyori vakasiyana-siyana, panguva dzakasiyana. Mumanyori echiRussia ezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, pane mienzaniso yakawanda. Mumwe wavo ndeye "Ballad pamusoro pomutambo unopisa", paunogona kuona zvakawanda zvekudzokorora. Sekudzivirira, Alexander Kochetkov akashandisa mitauro yakawanda.

Mumabasa evanyori vekare panewo zvakare kubvisa. Izvi mumabhuku, chinowanzoitika chinogona kunge chisati chiri chiratidzo chebhadhila chete. Kudzokorora kwakashandiswa munhetembo dzavo nevanyori, avo vane zvisikwa hazvisi izvo zvine chokuita neiyo yekare yekare.

Nhetembo dzezana remakore rechi20

Kuramba kudzokorora mitsara inogona kuparadzaniswa nemitambo. Asi kazhinji ivo vanoziviswa pakuguma kwe stanza. Mumabasa evanyori veSiria Age, maitiro akadaro anowanzosangana nawo kakawanda. Mune nhetembo yaMarina Tsvetaeva "Dhizha rakaramba rakatarisa muziso" rumwe rutivi rwechipiri rwemagumo rinoguma nemubvunzo unofadza. Mumazwi okuti "Mudiwa wangu, chii chandakaita kwauri?" Ndiyo mubvunzo wekutanga wevakadzi uye pfungwa yokuti rudo, pasinei nokuti yakasimba sei, munguva pfupi kana kuti inozoenda. Nokudaro, kurega kuno hakusi kungoita chigadzirwa chibvumirano uye rwiyo, asiwo kune mutoro unokosha wekuita semantic.

Mune nhetembo "Winter Night", "refrain" ndiyo couplet "Kenduru yakanga ichipisa patafura, kenduru yakanga ichipisa." Uye kudzokorora uku mubasa raBoris Pasternak kunoita basa rokufananidzira. Mitsara ndeyomunhu mukuru wevheti "Doctor Zhivago". Pasternak's character once, kutonhora February manheru, akaona chiedza chinyoro muwindo duku. Gare gare akanyora nhetembo, apo kenduru inomiririra kugadzikana kufara uye kusurukirwa. Nekubatsirwa kwechiratidzo ichi, munyori akabudisa manzwiro aakaona apo kamwe kamwe muhwindo risingazivikanwe akaona chimwe chechimwe chisingawanikwi chinomufadza.

Nhetembo dzehondo

Kudzivisa zvigadzirwa zvemhizha zvinowanzowanikwa mumabasa emhando. Mune nhetembo dzemauto ehondo, apo musoro mukuru unogona kunge usati uri kungofunga pfungwa dzekuda nyika, asiwo nyaya dzekuparadzanisa uye kutarisira kwenguva refu, kunewo aya maitiro ekunyora. Muenzaniso wakajeka ndeye nhetembo inoshamisa "Mirira kwandiri, uye ini ndichadzoka." Kubvisa mumitsara ya Konstantin Simonov inongova mazwi maviri chete. Uye aya mazwi - "ndimirire ini." Mune nhetembo dzakave dzava kunyengetera kwezviuru zvevakadzi panguva yehondo, kutendwa kwemunyori kwakagumiswa kuti chete nerubatsiro rwe rudo uye kutarisira kwakatendeka musoja anodiwa anogona kukwanisa kudzokera kumusha ari mupenyu.

Prose

Kwete munhetembo chete pane kubvisa. Mienzaniso kubva mumabhuku anoratidza kuti chigadzirwa ichi chinonyora chikagonawo kuwirirana muchirevo cheprose. Zvisinei, isu tiri kutaura, hongu, pamusoro pemabasa emadiki. Chirevo kubva munhetembo nemumwe munyori asingazivikanwi inoitika kakawanda mubasa raTurgenev "Zvakanaka sei, sei itsva ma roses". Izvi zvinowedzera mimhanzi uye rwiyo rwebasa rinogona kuverengwa, nekuda kwekudzokorora kwechirevo, kune imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana - nhetembo muprose.

Asi nhau dzisina ruzha runyararo dzinogona kudzivisa. Mienzaniso yakadai inogona kuonekwa mumutauro weSergei Dovlatov. Uyu munyori, uyo anowanzonzi "master of ultrashort prose," ane nyaya inonzi "Pane imwe nguva taigara mumakomo." Aya mazwi anodzokororwa pano kakawanda. Vanopa kukwana kumabasa maduku. Uye izvi zvinosuruvarisa, asi kwete pasina runyaradzo, nhau, sezvimwe zvakare muProvvato yeDevvato, inotsigira nhetembo dzisinganzwisisiki dzemaitiro ake.