"Robinson Crusoe": munyori akanyora nezvake?

Nhasi hapana maonero akafanana pamusoro pegore iro Daniel Defoe akaberekerwa, munyori weChirungu anoziva kune muverengi wedu kunyanya semunyori wenhau "Robinson Crusoe." Vamwe vanofunga kufunga kuti muna 1660, apo vamwe vanyori vezvakaitika kare nevanyori vezvakaitika kare vanoziva kuti Daniel Fo akazvarwa muna 1661 muLondon. Hongu, usashamiswa, hapana chinyorwa mumashoko acho. Zita chairo remunyori akakurumbira ndiFe.

Ubwana uye huduku

Baba vaDhanieri vakanga vachitengesa nyama uye vakarota kuti mwanakomana wavo aizova mufundisi, saka Dhanieri wechidiki akanyoresa mune imwe yezvidzidzo zvebhaibheri. PaM Morton Academy muStoke-Newington, munyori weramangwana rebhuku rinonzi "Robinson Crusoe" akadzidza chiGiriki, chiRatini uye zvechiGiriki mabhuku. Asi, apedza kudzidza mumakore makumi matatu nemasere ezvidzidzo, Daniel Fo anotanga kuita basa rebhizimisi.

Kommersant uye pamphleteer

Matanho ekutanga mune zvekutengeserana, anoita semakisikiti mune mutengesi wekutengesa, apo anodzidza nheyo dzebhizimisi. Kwenguva yekutanga inoita marwendo, chete nokuda kwekutengeserana, kuPortugal, Italy, Spain neFrance. Pakupedzisira, Daniel Fo achatenga firiti yekugadzirwa kwemasitokisi, zvino firiti yekugadzirwa kwematare nezvitini. Iyo inofadza, nehupenyu hwake, Mr. Fo, inopa mari mumapurisa asinganzwisisiki panguva iyoyo uye sechikonzero chinoparara.

Kukundikana pane zvekutengeserana hakugoni kubvisa pasi kubva pasi petsoka dzaDhanieri. Mukuwedzera kune zvekutengeserana, hupenyu hwezvematongerwe enyika hwenyika hunofadza zvikuru kumusori wenhau. Basa rake rezvematongerwo enyika raitungamirirwa pamusoro peMambo James II wekutonga, akanyora nhetembo dzakawanda uye mapepa, umo akaseka dare ramambo uye kutonga kwevanhu vanoita zvematongerwo enyika. Nyaya inonyanya kuzivikanwa iyi ndeye "Thoroughbred Englishman" yakanyorwa muna 1701. Iyo pikitete yaiva yakanyanyisa zvekuti zviremera zvakatongedza munyori kuva pillory, yakanaka kwazvo uye akaisa mutorongo kusvikira kuurayiwa kwezvose zvinorangwa. Achisungirirwa akasungirirwa pillory, mupepleteer akatarisa sezvo vanhu veLondon vakamunzwira tsitsi netsitsi. Kubudiswa kwaro kwakawa: chirimwa chakanga chaparadzwa zvachose apo muridzi wacho akanga ari mujeri rejeri.

Mukusununguka kwake, chaizvoizvo, Daniel Foe akanga ane chikwereti kuna Mutungamiri uye Mutungamiri weDare reMitungamiri, Robert Harley. Mukurukuri akabudisa munyori kubva mujeri ndokumupa basa rekuviga muScotland neEngland. Muna 1704, Dee particle yakawedzerwa kune zita rokuti Fo, saka muridzi wezita racho anonzi akasarudza kusimbisa zvakasikwa. Uye mugore iroro chete anogamuchira nzvimbo mu periodical "Review". Pano anoshanda kusvika muna 1713, anonyora uye anogadzirisa nyaya, anova mukurumbira wezvematongerwe enyika. Mukufananidza nebasa muimba yekudhinda, Defoe anonyora mabasa ekunyora.

Bhuku rokutanga

Muna 1719 bhuku rokutanga remunyori - "Robinson Crusoe" rakabudiswa. Munyori ane kubudirira kunoshamisa. Zita raDhaniel Defoe rinowanikwa munhoroondo yezvinyorwa zvenyika. Kukosha kwakagamuchirwa kwete chete nemunyori, asiwo naRobinson Crusoe pachake. Munyori akapa protagonist nemunhu asina kukanganisa uye nyota yeupenyu. Pakupedzisira kwekubudirira kwebhuku rokutanga, Defoe anoburitsa pakarepo humwe nezvehupenyu hwemunhu mukuru - "Zvimwe Adventures zveRobinson Crusoe," uye gore rakatevera munyori anonyora "Zviratidzo zvakanyanya munguva yehupenyu uye kushamisika kunoshamisa kwaRobinson Crusoe, kusanganisira zviratidzo zvake zvenyika yevatumwa." Asi mabasa aya haana kukurudzira vaverengi.

Nyika yose inotenda kuti hunyanya hukuru hwebhuku "Robinson Crusoe", uyo munyori Daniel Defoe - munhu chaiye. Pamwoyo webasa ndere nyaya iyo yakaitika kune imwe chikepe. Vashomanana vanoziva kuti kubva pane peni yavatenzi vakabuda nemabasa anoshamisa akadaro se "Happy Courtesan", "Mufaro uye kushungurudzika kweMore Flanders", "Nhoroondo yeColonel Jack", nezvimwewo. Asi iyo ndiyo yaiva bhuku uye "Robinson Crusoe." Munyori uye unhu hwake hwakapfuura kuburikidza nehupenyu zvakafanana pamwechete.

Uyu munyori wenhau anozivikanwa akafa muurombo uye akangwarira, ava nemakore 71, muLondon.