Art of the XX century. Futurism mumabhuku nekupenda

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe nemazana makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, nyika yakange "ichizununguswa". Kukurumidza kukura kwekugadzirwa kwemabhizimisi, kuomeswa kwehukuru hwehupfumi nehutano hwakasimba uye hukuru hwehupenyu pamusoro pehupenyu, kumunhu, kwakashandura pfungwa dzevanhu, kwakasimbisa kupesana pakati pezviitiko zvisingatauriki zvemazana emakore uye kupesana kwepakati pezana remakore rinouya. Uye zvisinei kuti zvakanga zvakaoma sei kugamuchira mitemo iyi mitsva yehupenyu, zvisinei kuti zvakaoma sei kugovana nevaya vanoziva uye vanotapira, kuchinja kwakanga kusingadzivisike, uye mhinduro yekutanga kwavari yakasimuka mupfungwa dzevanhu vakagadzirira, sezvo vazhinji vainyatsonzwisisa kutanga kwezuva idzva.

Muna 1909 muItaly, Tommaso Marinetti akabudisa ma manifesto eThe Futurists - maitiro matsva mune unyanzvi, pfungwa huru iyo yaive yakaramba zvachose mitemo yose yakasikwa yekusika mabasa enyanzvi. Uye kana chero iri mberi-garde mubudiriro nemabhuku zvakatanga nekurambwa kwezvikwata uye tsika, ipapo futurism yakabudirira zvikuru mune izvi, sezvo yakanga yakanyanyisa zvikuru. Marinetti, basa guru rekutsvaira, rakazivisa kupererwa kwezuva nezuva kweatari yemashiripiti uye kusimbisa, sezvokutanga, kusimba, utsinye, kufamba uye kuparadza.

MuRussia pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, kupesana mukati memafungiro kwakange kwakanaka, vanyori vakanga vachitsvaga maitiro matsva ekuratidza nguva yakaoma, saka chero hupi zvayo yakatanga kuwanikwa muhutano yakabva yabva mhinduro yakasimba, uye futurism yakanga isiri iyo. Kunyangwe pane zvinopesana, futurism mumabhuku nekupenda zvakapararira muRussia. Vanyori vakawanda vanozivikanwa uye vanyori vakazonyora munhoroondo yemitambo (V. Mayakovsky, I. Severyanin, V. Khlebnikov, D. Burliuk, B. Pasternak) vakatanga senhengo dzemagariro akawanda emangwana, mapurogiramu epurogiramu uye manifesto dzakawanda dzakazivisa mitemo yezvitsva Mirayiridzo mune unyanzvi yaive iyo inonyanya kukosha kudarika maitiro ekugadzira. Cubo-Futurists, ego-futurists, scientist uye vakuru vakuru, pamwe nezvose-zvakapoteredzwa uye nitchevocks, vakashamisika mafungiro evanhu kwete chete nemashoko avo anorwadza pamusoro pehutsika hwemagariro, asiwo nekunaka kwavo kwakasikwa, pamwe chete neanticentric antics. Vakawanda vavo vakanga vakanaka kwazvo "vaiti" vega. Havana kungogadzira unyanzvi hutsva, asiwo kubudirira zvikuru kuhuisa pachena kuvanhu, vachiwana mari yakanaka pairi. Nzira huru dzekuzvidzorera dzaive dzakashata zvepaguru, zvichikonzera maitiro uye mufambiro. Vakanyanyisa vakwezva ruzivo rwevanhu, vanhu vose vakazvidira zvikuru vachiuya kuzoratidzwa uye manheru ezvinyorwa, vachipa tikiti yemari yakawanda.

MuRussia, maitiro matsva epasi-maitiro anonyanya kuratidzwa munhetembo. Futurism muzvinyorwa zvakazviratidza zvakajeka mune zvisikwa zvitsva zveshoko, phonetics yezwi, zvisingawanzo zvinyorwa zvekuvaka. Izwi kune vanyori vatsva rakarasikirwa neshoko rinowanzoitwa semantic uye nexical zvinoreva, rakashandurwa rikava zvinhu zvepurasitiki kubva pamanzwi aive aikwanisa "kuumba" chero sarudzo, kuumba mutsva, kusanganisa kwakasiyana kusinganzwisisiki, apo zvinoreva kure kure nechinhu chikuru, kana kuti pane, pane zvimwe Zvinoreva. Nokudaro, futurism mumabhuku akaedza kuumba mutauro mutsva, democracy uye mashoma, zvichienderana nekushandurwa kwemazuva ano munharaunda, kunonzwisisika kune vose uye kugamuchirwa nevose.

Nzira itsva mune unyanzvi haisi kungotsvaga kunzwisisa uye kubudisa zvinhu zvakaoma zvinowanzoitika, asiwo kuchinja nyika pachayo, kuumba nguva. Futurism mumabhuku aya aive nemafungiro akasiyana zvachose akanangana nemifananidzo yemifananidzo yemanzwi nemashoko. Saka, chidimbu chimwe nechimwe uye runyararo rune inzwi rakanzi kune imwe mifananidzo yemafananidzwa. Kuzvibatanidza nazvo munhetembo dzavo, ramangwana rakagadzirwa nerubatsiro rwemashoko anofungidzira mavara, uye achiedza kuratidza imwe mafungiro.

Futurism muzvinyorwa zvakanga zvakanyatsobatanidzwa nemamwe marudzi eumhizha. Izvi zvakapararira zvakapararira mukudhindwa, uye vamwe vevanyori venhau vainzi futurist vaiva vanyori vepakutanga, semuenzaniso, V. Mayakovsky, V. Khlebnikov, V. Kamensky, nevamwe .. Futurism mukudhindwa, sezvakanyorwa mumabhuku, zvakazviratidza muzviitiko zvakajeka. Uyezve, vanyori K. Malevich, P. Filonov nevamwe vakatsigirwa nemapurasitiki nemapuranga vakakwanisa kunyatsobudirira uye kuratidza zvakajeka pane zvinyorwa izvo vanyori mumabasa avo ekunyora vanoda.

Futurism kupandukira, kuramba kwehutsika hwemagariro uye kuedza kugadzira imwe itsva, inofanirwa mune ramangwana. Izvo zviongorori neshoko uye runyararo, kutsvaga kwezvinhu zvitsva zvinogadzirwa uye zvemashoko, democracy, zvinonzwisisika kumasasa akazara uye anokwanisa kuratidza kuchinja kwakaoma munzanga yezana remakore remakore rechikutanga.