Nhoroondo ndeyehupenyu hwehupenyu uye runyoro rwemavara

Pamusoro pezvinhu zvose zvayo zvinoita sezviri nyore, rudzi rwezvinyorwa runomutsa mibvunzo yakawanda. Sei zvikonzero zvevana zvakakosha? Sei iyi iyi yakasikwa kune dzimwe tsika? Sei zvakanyatsoratidzirwa izvi zvemhando yevanhu vanoratidzira "yakararama" uye inonzi mumabhuku? Muchidimbu, chii chinonzi chirevo chezvinyengeri uye nei ichi chichiramba chisingagumi mukutsvaga?

Tsanangudzo yemhando yezvinyorwa

Kana tichitaura zvinyoronyoro, saka nhema ndeye nhepfenyuro shoma pamusoro pechinhu chisingaoneki, uye izvi hazvigoneki zvakanyanyisa kusimbiswa, uye naizvozvo chiitiko chinotyisa chinogadzirwa. "Musha waiva akatasva varimi ...", "Kwakanga kune guru guru rakareba munyika ..." - izvi nezvimwe zvakawanda "zvisina maturo" zvifananidzo zvinoshandiswa maererano nemaitiro akasiyana, zvakasununguka, asi zvinowanzokonzera kuseka uye kufarira.

Shanduro yeRussia neChirungu yenhema

MuRussia, zvose zvevanhu vechiRussia nhau uye nhema dzevamwe vanhu vanozivikanwa. Chokutanga, zvose zvenhema, zvisinganzwisisiki, kusakanganiswa kunosanganiswa neChirungu manyorerwo uye mabhuku echiChirungu. Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri muRussia, rudzi urwu rwakave runofadza zvikuru nekuonekwa kweshanduro dzechiChirungu folklore uye mabasa echiChirungu "zvisina maturo" (kureva: "nonsense"). Shanduro dzevana veChirungu, kunyanya dzichibva pamutemo wezvisina maturo, dzakashandurwa sedhema kune vana naSamuel Marshak naKornei Chukovsky. Vaverengi vechiRussia vezvizvarwa zvakawanda vanoda mifananidzo kubva pamitauro yakashandurwa "Barabhaki", "The Scrabble Song" uye dzimwe nhetembo iyo nyika inozivikanwa kuti "yakashandurwa" haina musoro. Zvinyorwa zveMitauro yenhema - izvi, pamusoro pezvose, Limerick Edward Lear, avo vanozivikanwa kwazvo mukushandurwa kweGrigory Kruzhkov.

Kuve nyore kwekugamuchira shanduro yeChirungu yemhando iyo, kutanga kwezvose, zvichienderana nenhema yakajairika yekutenda kweRussia, nokuti fungidziro ndeyemhando yakange iripo muRussia kwenguva refu "kusapora" kwechiRussia tsika yezvinyorwa zvechiChirungu.

Literary fables

Nhema iyi inoramba iine mararamiro ehupenyu mumabhuku nemabhuku. Vana vechiRussia vanozivikanwa sevanyori venyaya, uye munyori. Zvichida, shanduro dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzemhando dzacho dzakasikwa naKornei Chukovsky naHenry Sapgir. Chokutanga pane zvose, izvi, chokwadi, i "Confusion" yaK. Chukovsky.

Zvisinei, dzimwe nharo uye nhetembo pamusoro pekuongorora zvakanyanya zvakafanana zvikuru nezvisina maturo mumutauro wezwi. "Chishamiso chemuti", "Joy", "Cockroach" - pamwoyo yeiyi inonyanya kuzivikanwa nhetembo dzevana inhema. Izvi, chaizvoizvo, zvinyorwa zvevanyori zvekufambisa kwemaitiro aya.

Kana iri basa raHenry Sapgir, vanhu vashomanana muRussia vanoziva zita rake rakakurumbira "Fables muzviso". Kusatarisira kwekubatanidza mifananidzo isina kufanana uye panguva imwechete kuedza kwemitsara, kuumba kunyengedza kwezvakasikwa uye nokudaro kunyanya kusimbisa "zvisati zvamboitika" - izvi zvose zvinorangarirwa kwenguva yakareba semabasa ane tarenda uye anojekesa.

Tricks sechiitiko chinogamuchirwa chiitiko

Korney Chukovsky mubhuku rake "Kubvira kuna maviri kusvika ku5" akataura kuti fiction kuvana mukana wekufara mukukwanisa kwavo pachavo kuti vaone kuparadzana kubva pachirevo. Mwana wacho, maererano naChukovsky, kuburikidza nenhema inomusimbisa mukuziva kwake kwemaitiro, mukuratidza kwake munyika yakamupoteredza.

Zvisinei, zviri pachena, zvose hazvisi nyore. Tsanangudzo ndeimwe yekutanga yekuwana mazano ekuongorora. Ndiko paunonyatsoziva zvisinganzwisisiki kuti mwana wacho anowedzera maonero ekokorodzano yezvigadzirwa, nokuti "zvisina maturo" ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa, inowanikwa kune mwana unyanzvi hwokunyengedza uri pasi chero basa ripi neripi. Saka ngano dzinodzika nheyo dzekuona kwechimiro chechimiro chechimiro, chimiro chekuveza, kugadzirira mwana kuti ave nekugadzirwa kwemavara.