Mufananidzo weimba mumabhuku eRussia ezana remakore rechi19 ne20 (kunyorwa)

Mabhuku eRussia ezana remakore rechi19 nerema20 inopa nhoroondo dzakasimba dzinoshamisa, vanhu vanonyatsojeka, zviratidzo zvakajeka zvine mavara. Mifananidzo yeimba mumabhuku eRussia ndeimwe yezvakasimba, zvinyorwa, zvinokwezva kutarisa nekuita kuti zvienzane nayo. Kufungisisa kwechirevo che "imba" nevanyori nevanyori vachadzidzwa munyaya yedu.

Zvinyorwa zvezana remakore rechi19. Overview

Iyi nguva yemabhuku ndeimwe yemasimba ane simba, ane simba uye akafanirwa mberi, zvose mabhuku acho pachavo uye mutauro weRussia yose. Akange achinzi Golden Age yePeetry. Asi chirevo chemakore iwayo chaivawo chisina kusimba, chinogona kutumidzwa zvakachengeteka mufananidzo wekuberekwa kwemakona emutsamba.

Muzana remakore aya Pushkin nemudzidzisi wake Zhukovsky, Fet uye Tyutchev vakashanda. Iye anozivikanwa munyika yose Leo Tolstoy naFyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky, vaipikisana naGorky naKekhov, Nekrasov naTurgenev vakasika maparera avo, anozivikanwa pasi rose. Panguva iyi, mifananidzo yakakodzera yakasikwa. Mufananidzo weimba mumabhuku eRussia munguva ino ndeimwe yezvakasimba zvikuru uye isingakanganwiki, yakagadzirirwa zvinhu zveRussia zvakanyanyisa uye pamwe chete kutsigira mamiriro matsva enyika.

Izana remakore rakatanga nekukudziridza rudo rwekuda, rwakanyatsopfuurira mune zvechokwadi uye zvehupenyu hwevanhu. Mamiriro emabasa acho ainge akazara nehutungamiri hwekuvandudza uye chido chekuchinja.

Mufananidzo weimba mumabhuku echiRussia ezana remakore rechi19

Izwi rokuti "kumba" rinowanzotarisana nemafungiro e "nyika". Zvichida, saka, vanyori vezana remakore rechi19 vakabhadhara zvikuru imba. Imba iyi yaiwanzova nzvimbo huru, zviitiko zvinotyisa zvakaitika mairi. Masimba maimba ane chokuita nemadzitateguru avo nemitemo yemhuri.

Vanyori vakawanda vakazarura nyaya dzavo dzakapoteredza dzimba dzezvinyorwa uye zvechipiri. Imba yacho yaibatanidzwa nemwene wayo uye nemhuri yake.

Mufananidzo weimba pakati pevaikorori veprose ye XIX yezana remakore

Tichakurukura chifananidzo cheimba yevatatu vatatu vanoita mazita emashoko ekunyora: Pushkin, Leo Tolstoy uye Chekhov.

Kuvonga AS AS Pushkin, mufananidzo weimba mumabhuku eRussia ane zvinyorwa zviviri. Ngationgororei zvakajeka pamusoro pemufananidzo we "Eugene Onegin" uye vanhu vake vakuru - Eugene naTatiana.

Nokuda kweEvgeny, imba yacho inonakidza yekuzorora. Eugene haanzwi achinetseka zvikuru neimba yake. Chimwe chinhu - tatiana anogadzira musha. Pamba akaremara, anoverenga uye anorota. Ndiye muchengeti chaiye weimba, pamusha iye anonyatsogadzikana uye anogadzikana. Zvichida ndicho chikonzero nei ari nyore nyore kuramba maonero asina kufanira eAingin. Ane imba chaiyo, yakanaka, uye iye zvino ndiye kukosha kwake. Uye muverengi anonzwisisa kuti Tatiana haakwanisi kunyange kusvibisa mafungiro ake nemafungiro ake, kuti anoshanda mumutsananguri sechiratidzo nemweya wake, uyo ane mikova yakavharwa kune mumwe munhu, zvekuti zvakanaka. Saka mufananidzo weimba muPushkin chiratidzo cherugare, rugare, tsika dzakachena.

Mifananidzo yeimba yaTool Tolstoy yakasiyana zvishoma kubva pakutsanangurwa kwaPushkin. Kusiyana kwakananga ndeyekuti Tolstoy, imba inova iyo nzvimbo huru yekuita, uye "chizvarwa chinogadzirwa", iyo inobva kune unhu hwemarudzi ose netsika dzayo, nhoroondo uye zvakavanzika. Mumisha yeRostovs naBolkonskie (uye Kuragins), zviitiko zvinokosha zve "Hondo neRugare" zviri kuitika. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kududzirwa kwezita iri basa guru. Izwi re "hondo" harifaniri kutsanangurwa, uye pfungwa yorugare pano haisi "mamiriro evanhu vasina-self", asi nyika yakazara yevanhu uye zvavanoda. Nenzira yakawanda, mumabhuku e Leo Tolstoy tsanangudzo yeimba mukati nekunze, mukati mavo uye mumamiriro ezvinhu anopa nzvimbo yakawanda, iyo Tolstoy mufananidzo weimba nevemhuri mumabhuku eRussia achazova muenzaniso kune vagari venhaka vakawanda vezvidzidzo zvekare zvekare.

Muna A. P. Chekhov, pfungwa yeimba yakanyatsoratidzwa mumutambo wake wokupedzisira, The Cherry Orchard. Chirongwa chacho chinobva munyaya yemhuri yakanaka, iyo, nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, inorasikirwa nenzvimbo yemauto uye inomanikidzwa kuparadzana nemunda wemichero ye cherry. Mubasa remunyori mukuru wezvinyorwa, yekare uye yemazuva ano, iyo yemazuva ano uye zuva rega rega, inopindirana. Imba pano inofananidzira zvose dendere rerrimonial, uye nyaradzo, uye yakasimba "imire pamakumbo" emhuri yeRanevsky. Pavanotengesa imba uye vachifamba mushure mekufa kwemwanakomana wavo, zvose zvinotendeuka. Iyo munda we cherry, inogona kutaridzika, hauna humwe huwandu hunokosha. Asi kukosha kwayo hakuverengwi nemari, imba yacho yaiva nzvimbo yemuviri, uye munda uri mweya wemhuri.

Nhepfenyuro yemabasa

Zvishamiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutsvakurudza zvingatipa mufananidzo weimba mumabhuku echiRussia. Basa racho, zvinosuruvarisa, haringagoni kutaurira mifananidzo yose yezvinoreva nzvimbo yekugara yevanyori vezana remakore rechina, asi tinogona kuisa mhedziso kuburikidza nekusimbisa zvakakosha, zvakajairika kune zviito zvose:

• Imba yakafanana nedendere remhuri.
• Inofananidzira tsika uye nhoroondo yemhuri.
• Inowanzova nzvimbo huru yekuita kwebasa.

Vanyori havana kurega mavara kuti vatsanangure mhuka dzemhuri dzevarwi avo. Vazhinji vavo vaigara munzvimbo dzakagara nhaka kubva kunababa nekurukuru, vakazviremekedza uye vakazviremekedza. Maitiro kumusha uye kuve mauri zvakanyanya kugadziriswa maitiro ehutsika, kuvapo / kusavapo kwekuzvipira mairi.

Zvinyorwa zvezana remakore rechi20. Overview

Zvinyorwa zvekunyora zvezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe zvakatsiviwa nechinetso chakasikwa chezana remakore rechi20. Chifananidzo cheimba mumabhuku echiRussia ezana remakore rechi20 chichawana zvinhu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana nekupfuura kwezana remakore.

Iyi nguva ichazotevera ichinzi Silver Age. Zvinotora mavambo acho uye zvinokura mazamu akawanda uye maitiro. Kuitika kunopinda mune zvemazuva ano, uye mazuva ano anova mune zvidimbu zvakasiyana--mashure: acmeism uye futurism, chiratidzo uye avant-garde. Nheyo huru nemibvunzo: zvinoreva upenyu nerufu, kukakavadzana uye nharo yekusingaperi mitemo yetsika, kutsvaga "syllable" itsva uye hero itsva. Chitendero nekufungidzira zvakasvibisana, havana kubvumirana mumitemo yavo, ndokubva vayambuka ndokufamba fudzi nepfudzi.

Iri remakore rakaratidzwa nekugadzirwa kwevanyori vakadai saEeenin naAkhmatova, Mayakovsky naBlok, vanoshamisa Velemir Khlebnikov uye vakasuruvara Sologub. Prose haina kumira shure mukugadzirwa kwayo uye kutsvaga tsika itsva. Anogadzira manifesto yake Merezhkovsky, Gorky kubva kune romanticism inoshanduka kuva yechokwadi. Ndiyo panguva ino iyo acharamba akangwara "Chiremba Zhivago" B. Pasternak uye apedzisa basa re "Dead Souls" N. Gogol.

Mufananidzo weimba mumabhuku echiRussia ezana remakore rechi20. Iyo inoverengeka "Imba" naAbramov

Munyori F. Abramov akadana nhoroondo yake yakaoma "House". Mariri, anotaura pamusoro pekufa nekuderera kwemusha weRussia.

Iyo protagonist inodzoka kubva kumba kwehanzvadzi yake mumusha muduku uye inoyeuka kugara kwake imomo. Pamusoro penzvimbo yeimba, zviitiko zvikuru muhupenyu hwemhuri iyi zvinowedzera.

Gare gare imba ino ichatengeswa uye ive chiratidzo chemairi maviri: kune rumwe rutivi, yakatove yakwegura, uye tinoda imwe itsva, asi pane imwe - pano zvose zvinorangarirwa zviri pano, simba remhuri uye nheyo dzaro dzetsika. Iyo heroine yemunyori weLiza kubva kumasimba ekupedzisira akagadzirira kurwira imba yababa vake, iye kunyange iyo yakaparara, inokanganisa nemaoko asingaiti anosemesa evechipiri-vatengesi vesimba.

Imba yePasternak naGogol

Mifananidzo yeimba mumabasa eRussia mabhuku yakanyatsoratidzwa muBergis Pasternak muDhictor Zhivago. Pano, hugaro ihwo chifananidzo chechikepe chepfungwa uye inodzivirira nyika yepakati yemhare iyo inopindira kunze. Asi dzimba dziri kudengenyeka, uye, zvichida, izvo zvinokuyeuchidza kubva kumusoro kuti iwe unofanira kuchengeta pfungwa dzako kwete mumasvingo mana, zvaunoda kuti uve wega uye mune vanhu vazhinji.

MuGogol, imba iri mu "Mweya Yake" yakawana mhemberero uye inofananidzira zvinoreva. Plyushkin's estate inomiririra chifananidzo chinosuruvarisa chekuora nekuparadzwa, kuparara nekuregererwa. Mufananidzo weimba mumabhuku eRussia hauna kumbobvira akaratidzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu anorwadza zvakadaro. Uye zvose nokuti Nikolai Vasilyevich mushure mechifananidzo cheimba inovanza mweya we tenzi wake - Plyushkin. Iye akwegura uye akabatwawo mumamiriro ake ezvinhu epasina hurombo, ndiyo nguva yakakwirira kwaari kana kuti awanezve, kubvisa wakare, kana kuputsika, kuviga dongo rake pasi pematongo.

Mhedziso

Zana remakore roga roga rinoona masimba aro nenzira yaro. Sezvo zvakasiyana nemufananidzo weimba mumabhuku eRussia (imwe nyaya pazviitiko zvose izvi ichakupa pfungwa yakawanda yeimba muzana remakore rechi19 ne20).

Muzana remakore remakore akafanotarisa anoratidza imba sechikafu chemhuri, chivako chetsika uye nhoroondo yekuberekwa, chinhu chinogadzirisa kwete vanhu chete, asiwo kuguma kweva heroes.

Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri rinotaura nezvekugara kwekare zvakasiyana. Inova chiratidzo chemwe rudzi rwekutonga uye dzimwe nguva inoda kuvandudzwa, uye kunyange kurasa kwayo.

Mifananidzo yeimba mumabhuku eRussia yakaoma uye yakajeka. Nharo dzinogona kuwanikwa mumabasa pachavo.