Honore de Balzac: Biography uye Creativity muchidimbu

Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvakanyanya zvakanyorwa nevanyori vezana remakore reXIX neO. de Balzac. Iyo nyanzvi yemunyori uyu haisi iyo yakaderera kune zvinyanyisa zvechisimba zvevanyori zvaakasika. Kusvikira zvino, nyika inofarira hupenyu hwake hwega.

Kushungurudza Utano

Muvambi wezvechokwadi akazvarwa musi waMay 20, 1799, muguta reTurs, iro riri pakati peFrance. Munyori wechirangaridzo akabuda mumhuri isina nyore asi inofadza. Baba, gweta remunharaunda, Bernard François Balssa vakatenga uye vakadzorerazve nyika dzevakakurumbira vakaparadzwa. Bhizinesi iri rakamuunzira purofiti. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chaakashandura zita rake uye akazvirumbidza pamusoro pokushamwaridzana kwake nemunyori anonyanya kufanirwa naJean-Louis Gues de Balzac, kune waaisina kuita.

Gare gare akawana chirevo chepamusoro "de". Bernard akaroora musikana, Anne-Charlotte-Laura Salambie, uyo aiva nemakore makumi matatu kuduku kwaari. Amai Honore vanouya kubva kumhuri inotenderera. Mukadzi uyu aida rusununguko uye haana kuvanza zvinyorwa zvake. Kubva pamisungo iri kurutivi, yakaonekwa munun'una wemunyori, uyo aidiwa naAna. Uye munyori weramangwana akapiwa mukoti wemvura. Mushure mokunge aigara muimba yeimba.

Muimba, iyo nzvimbo yekutanga yakagadzwa nemunhu wese kunze kwemhuri, mukomana akanga asiri nyore. Kunyanya kutarisa muhuduku hwakagamuchirwa naHonore de Balzac. Biography inotsanangurwa muchidimbu mune mamwe emabasa ake. Zvinetso zvaakaona paaiva achiri muduku akazouya zvakare mumabasa ake.

Gweta rakakundikana

Sezviri pachena, nyanzvi yakagara nhaka yezvinhu zvikuru zvevabereki, nokuti munguva yemberi vainyatsoratidzwa muhupenyu hwake. Pakukumbira kwababa vake namai, mwanakomana wavo akatumirwa kuVendome College, kwaakadzidza mutemo. Chirongwa chakanga chakasiyana nekuraira kwakasimba, izvo mukomana wacho aigara achibvarura. Nokuda kweizvi akawana mukurumbira wemunhu anononoka uye mbavha. Ikoko mwana akawana nyika yebhuku. Pazera remakore gumi nemaviri akatanga kuedza semunyori. Ipapo vose vaaidzidza navo vakaseka mabasa ake.

Pamusana pokugara mupfungwa uye kusava nehanya, mwana wacho akarwara. Vabereki vake vakamutora kumusha. Murume uyu akanga achirwara kwemakore anoverengeka. Vanachiremba vakawanda havana kupa chivimbo chokuti mwana aizorarama. Kunyange zvakadaro, akabuda.

Jaya iro rakaramba richidzidza nyaya yemweya muParis, uko vabereki vake vakatamira. Muchikoro chechikoro anodzidza muna 1816 - 1819 makore. Panguva imwecheteyo anoshanda sechinyorwa. Asi chaizvoizvo aive akwezva nyika chete yemabhuku. Balzac akatambanudzirwa kwaari. Iyo biography inogona kunge yakanga yakasiyana, asi vabereki vakasarudza kutsigira kufarira kwomwana uye vakamupa mukana.

Kutanga rudo

Baba vakavimbisa kutsigira Honore kwemakore maviri. Munguva iyi murume wechidiki aifanira kuratidza kuti aigona kushanda mumutungamiri wakasarudzwa. Munguva ino, tarenda yemberi yakanga iri kushanda nesimba, asi hapana yemabasa ake akatorwa zvakanyanya. Nhamo yekutanga "Cromwell" yakanga isina mhosva isina mhosva. Pakazara, kusvikira 1823 akanyora nezvemazana makumi maviri. Gare gare, munyori pachake akadana mabasa ake okutanga kukanganisa kwakakwana.

Nguva nenguva, jaya racho rakabva kuParis richienda kunharaunda umo vabereki vake vakatamira. Ikoko akasangana naLaura de Berni. Kunyatsopindirana nemudzimai uyu ndeye biography yake. Balzac Honore, uyo akawana zvishoma zvido zvemamai, akawanikwa mumaoko aMadame (mukuru kune iye kwemakore makumi maviri) akadziya uye unyoro. Asina mufaro mumhuri yehupenyu hwake, ane vana vatanhatu mumaoko ake, akava rudo rwake uye kutsigira.

Apo yakanga yava nguva yekuudza hama kune makore maviri avakabhadhara mari yake yekuita basa, Balzac haana chaaigona kupa. Zvose zvakaedza kupindira munyika yezwi zvakakundikana. Saka, mhuri yakamukana mari.

Tsika yebhizimisi

Kubvira paucheche, tenzi wemashoko akarota kuita mari zvisina kunaka. Kunyange zvazvo mabhuku akanga asiri kuenderera mberi, munyori weprose akanga achiedza kuita mari. Kutanga iye anopa mabhuku e-classics e-classics. Uyewo anoronga imba yekudhinda. Ipapo anoenda kuSardinia kunowana mumigodhi sirivha yevaRoma vekare. Chimwe chirongwa chakanga chisingazviongorori pachavo - kukura kweinaninira pedyo neParis. Makombiro akaoma uye anofadza zvebhizimisi azere biography Balzac. Dzokorora muchidimbu zvirongwa zvake zvose zvinogona kuva mune rimwe shoko - fiasco.

Kubva pakundikana kwematokari akare kare akakura zvakanyanya. Kubva mujeri nokuda kwezvikwereti iye akaponeswa naamai vake, avo vaizobhadhara chikwereti zvishoma.

Munguva yakareba kwenguva yehupenyu hwake, nyanzvi yakange ichitambudzwa nourombo. Saka, husiku humwe mbavha yakapinda muimba yake iri nyore. Akatsvaga chimwe chinhu chingabiwa. Muridzi, uyo akanga ari panguva iyoyo muimba, haana kurasikirwa musoro uye akati: "Hazvina maturo iwe unotsvaga mune rima randisingaoni kunyange nechiedza."

Nzira yekubudirira

Kuteerera kwakanga kusiri imwe yezvakanaka izvo Honore de Balzac aiva nazvo. Nhoroondo yemunyori haikonzere manzwiro mazhinji, kana kwete nokuda kwekutenda kwake kusingazununguki mune ramangwana rake. Tenzi akaenderera mberi kushanda, zvisinei kuti chii.

Muna 1829, munyori wenhema akanyora zvakare akatora peni yake. Akaita purogiramu yakaoma kwaari. Ndakaenda kunorara pa6 masikati, ndakamuka pakati peusiku. Akanyora nguva dzose. Mamwe mapeji akabuda kubva pasi pake. Akaramba akasimba mukati make pachake ane makapu akawanda ekofi yakasimba.

Kuedza kwakagadzirwa korona yekubudirira. Mukurumbira akamuunzira nhoroondo yekare "Shuans." Nyika yakanga isati yaziva kuti Balzac aiva ani. Munyori anonzi biography anotaura kuti kusvika ikozvino akashandisa zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana.

Zvisarudzo mubhuku rino zvinoitika panguva huru yeFrench French Revolution. Pano munyori ane tarenda akatsanangura zvakananga kurwisana kwemauto republica nemaShuans.

Zvakare anogadzira "Zviitiko zvehupenyu hwepachivande", "Elixir wehupenyu hwakareba", nhau "Gobsek".

Nheyo dzebasa guru

Pamapapiro ekubudirira tenzi anosarudza muna 1831 kuti atange nyaya dzakawanda. Yakafanirwa kuva tsanangudzo yemitemo yezuva. Zita rokuti "The Comedy Human". Basa rakatanga pamifananidzo yeParis mumakore ekuma18 ne19.

Masuo akawanda akazaruka pamberi pavo zita rokuti Honore de Balzac. Nyaya yemurume uyu mushure mokupenya kwemheni-yakakurumbira yakawana mavara matsva. Muma salon yakanakisa akagamuchirwa semuenzi anoremekedzwa. Ikoko munyori akaziva magamba mazhinji emabasa ake emangwana, ayo akabatanidzwa mu "Comedy Man". Chinangwa chebasa chakanga chiri chokubatanidza mabasa ako ose akanyorwa mune rimwe denderedzwa. Akatora zvinyorwa zvose zvakamboshandiswa uye akazvishandura zvishoma. Magamba emabhuku akasiyana akawana pakati pavo mhuri, ushamwari uye dzimwe hukama. Nhoroondo yacho yaifanira kuva nemasvondo 143. Asi mutauro wechiFrench haana kukwanisa kupedzisa pfungwa kusvika pakupedzisira.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti mutevedzeri wekunyora kusingaoneki kwekupedzisira kwevanhu vake, nokuti vakaberekwa, vakakura, vakawirwa murudo, vakaroorana uye vakakurira vana mumapepanhau emabhuku.

Nharo yeMakwikwi

"Mutori wenhau asina kukwana" - ndiro zita rinonzi Balzac rakabva kuvatsoropodzi. Nhoroondo yemunyori inogara ichibatanidzwa ne "Human Comedy". Inosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu. Yokutanga uye yakawanda, iyo yaisanganisira basa rekare - "Studies of moral." Ikoko vateereri vanosangana nemurume akashata Gobsek, baba vasina kufarira vaGorio, mukuru wechiFrench Shaber. Chikamu chechipiri ndeche "Mafirosofi". Anobatsira muverengi kutaura pamusoro pezvinoreva upenyu. Pano kwakauya inova "Shagreen Skin". Chikamu chechitatu - "Analytical Studies." Mabhuku ari muchidimbu ichi anotsanangurwa nekufungisisa zvakanyanya, uye dzimwe nguva isa nyaya yacho kumashure.

Yakazara nemamiriro ezvinhu, Balzac's biography. Kusika kwaibatsira, asi hazvina kuvhara zvose zvinodhura uye zvikwereti zvakapfuura. Pane nyaya iyo munyori akaenda kumugadziri wake vhiki nevhiki kuti akumbire mberi kune mari yemberi. Mukuru wacho aizivikanwa nevarice, saka kazhinji haana kupa mari. Rimwe zuva munyori, sezvaakagara achiuya, akauya kuzokubhadhara, asi munyori akati nhasi muridzi wacho haagamuchiri. Ikoko Balzac akapindura kuti haana hanya, chinhu chikuru chaiva chokuti musoro wakapa mari.

Vakadzi vezera reBalzac

Asingapfuuri muchimiro, Honore achiri kutora vazhinji vakadzi. Vakashamiswa nefusemu uye chido icho munyori weprose akataura. Nokudaro, nguva yose isingabhadharwi kubva pakunyora murume uyo akapedza aine maitiro akawanda. Kufunga kwake kwakatsvakwa nevakadzi vazhinji vakanaka, asi kazhinji pasina. Balzac aida vakadzi vezera "rakanaka". Iyo nyanzvi yemunyori izere nerudo rwekuda. Vane heroines vakava vakadzi vanopfuura makumi matatu. Akatsanangura vanhu vakadaro mumabasa ake.

Nyaya yakakurumbira yaiva mhando yeruzivo "Mukadzi Wemakore makumi matatu". Muenzaniso mukuru Julie's girl. Achishandisa mufananidzo uyu munyori anonyatsobudisa pfungwa yehutano hwakanaka. Imhaka yebasa iri iro izwi rokuti "mukadzi wezera raBalzac" akaberekwa, kureva kuti, mukadzi kubva pamakore makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana.

Kuitwa kwezviroto

Rudo runoita basa guru muupenyu hwemunhu. The Polish Countess Evelina Ghana yakave yakanyanya kukurudzira iyo Honore de Balzac akambonzwa. Iyo biography inotsanangura muchidimbu avo vanoziva. Mukadzi uyu, sa mazana evamwe vanasikana vevakadzi, akatumira mvumo kune munyori. Murume wacho akapindura. Tsamba yacho yakatanga. Kwenguva yakareba vaisangana pakavanda.

Evelina akaramba kusiya murume wake ndokuroorwa nemunyori wepurosi. Ukama hwakapfuurira kwemakore 17. Akasununguka paakanga ari chirikadzi. Ipapo vakaroora vakaroora. Izvi zvakaitika munaMay 1850, muguta reUukraine reBerchechev. Asi Balzac akanga asina nguva yekunakidzwa noupenyu hwewanano. Akanga achirwara kwenguva refu uye akafa gore rimwechete musi waAugust 18, muParis.

Tenzi akagadzirwa mumwe nomumwe wevarwi vake. Akanga asingatyi kuita kuti hupenyu hwavo husati huchijeka, asi zvakare huripo. Ndicho chikonzero nei vanhu vaBalzac vachiri kufarira kune muverengi.