Ivan Krylov nemashoko ane mapapiro kubva mufananidzo "Mirror uye Monkey"

Nhema dzakanyorwa nemazita mazhinji ezvinyorwa, asi Ivan Andreevich Krylov akave akakurumbira kupfuura vamwe vanonyengedza-fidhi: zita rake, semazita aLafontaine neAesop, rakafanana nenzira yakafanana neyvenhema.

The fabulist I. A. Krylov

Rod Ivan aibva kumurombo wevaranda vemumhuri dragoon regiment. Baba vake "havana kudzidziswa nesayenzi," asi akakwanisa kunyora, uye akafarira kuverenga kunyanya. Mwanakomana wacho akawana kubva kuna baba vake bhokisi rose remabhuku uye zvidzidzo mukuverenga nokunyora.

Sezvo achiri kuyaruka, akarasikirwa nababa vake, asi akaenderera mberi kudzidza chiFrench muimba yemuvakidzani wakafuma, panguva imwe chete achinyorwa mubasa rehurumende. Ivan akatotanga kuedza kunyora Ivan uye akaratidza mabasa ake kune vanotsoropodza nyanzvi. Zvisinei, njodzi nematambo aakanyora zvakanga zvisipo zvakakwana, kunyange zvazvo vakapa pfungwa yekugona kweKrylov.

Munyori akanga asinganzwisisiki, achitsvaga kutsvaga mikana mitsva nemaitiro. Mweya wekupandukira wakamusundira kuti achinje uye aite mungozi: nguva dzose dzehupenyu hwake dzinokura kubva mumunda wekuona kwevanotsvakurudza. Aripi iye? Wakaita sei?

Iko sangano rinoratidzika senyonganyonga rakazova dombo apo simba rekupedzisira fabulist rakagadziridzwa.

Krylova's feather yakakora

Unhu hwake hwakanga husinganzwisisiki uye hunyunyuta: zvaive zvakajeka kuna Ivan Andreyevich kuona zvinhu zvisina kunaka zvezviitiko uye zvinoshamisa zvevanhu. Kubva paudiki hwake akanga ari mutsigiri waLafontaine - ainzi ainzi French fabulist - uye kakawanda akaedza kushandura nhau dzake muchiRussia.

Kubva pauduku hwake Krylov akanyora mabasa neine satirical tinge: akanga asingadi kutongesa zvakaipa zvevanhu, asiwo vanozivikanwe nevamwe vagari venyika, vachivaseka pasina tsitsi.

Krylov akabudisa magazini nemashoko anonyengedza, achinyora zvinyorwa zvinyorwa uye satire. Zvisinei, hupenyu hwezvinyorwa zvacho hwakanga huri nguva pfupi, hwakanga husingazivikanwi zvikuru, uye muparidzi akavhara ivo munguva pfupi.

Ivan Andreevich haana kumbomira kutsvaka nharo yake. Pakutanga kwezana remakore remakore rechi19, Krylov akaratidza shanduro dzaLafontaine kune nyanzvi yenyengeri II Dmitriev, iyo yaakapindura kuti: "Uyu ndiwo mutsa wako wechokwadi, iwe wakazowona wakawana."

Uye zvirokwazvo, chimiro chose chaKrylov chakakodzerwa zvakakwana nebasa re fabulist: zvose zvaanotenda, pfungwa dzakanaka, uye kuchengetedza, uye pfungwa yekutenda kwechokwadi, uye dzidzo. Mukutsvaga mararamiro ake, Ivan Andreevich akapisa simba rake uye zvishoma nezvishoma akazova tenzi weshoko.

Zvirevo kubva kunhema dzeKrylov

Saka, Ivan Andreevich akazowana niche yake yakasiyana-siyana mumabhuku. Zvakakosha kuti kubva panguva ino basa rake nemari yakatanga kukwira mugomo.

Krylov akashandura kushanda kweImperial Public Library, kubva kune makore akawanda gare gare akasiya basa nemurume akanaka. Nhema dzake dzakave dzakakurumbira uye dzakabudiswa kunyange mu vivo: 9 zvinyorwa zvakabudiswa kwemakore 35!

Akanyora hurukuro, azere nekunyengedzera, uye dzimwe nguva kusekwa, kazhinji akazoshandurwa kuva mapapiro kubva mufananidzo! "Mirror uye Monkey", "Quartet", "Swan, Cancer uye Pike" - mubasa rega roga kune kukwanisa uye kunyatsobudisa mitsara inokonzera kusemwerera kune muverengi.

Ndiani asingazivi nemashoko anoti: "Iwe unokonzera zvandinoda kudya here kana kuti" Hungu, asi zvichiripo zvino "? Iyi mitsetse yeKrylov yakava mutauro allegories.

236 fesita yakanyorwa nemunyori - imwe yakaisvonaka pane imwe. Zvinoreva zvinyorwa zveKrylov zvinodzidzwa nhasi muchikoro chekudzidzisa, nokuti, pasinei nezana remakore nehafu kubva panguva yaro, satire yenyengeri inoramba yakabatana, uye vanhu vacho vanonyadzisa kuona. Chero ani zvake wechikoro achayeuka nyore nyore mazwi ane mapapiro kubva munhau.

"Mirror uye Monkey"

Mune fable inotaurirwa pamusoro pemhuka isingazivi. Haanzwisisi kuti anotarisa sei kunze, kana asingadi kuziva. Zviri nyore uye zvinonakidza kuwana zvikanganiso mu "makuhwa" avo - vanoziva zvinenge zvose pamusoro pavo.

Apo mucherechedzo cum Bear anoedza kunyatsoratidza kuti Monkey ndiyo inofanirwa pachake mugirazi, ipapo anongorasikirwa nemashoko ake. "Hapana anozvida kuzvitora mukuzvinyengera," munyori anotsvaga achinyora.

Nhoroondo iyi inoumbwa nemitsetse mishomanana chete, asi iyo inotsanangura zvakarurama sei kutsoropodza uye unyengeri zvakapararira munzanga! Metko anotsoropodza kaviri egoism uye kupofumadza kwemweya kwemonkey Krylov: Monkey uye mirati inova zviratidzo zvekuzvikudza kukuru, zvinosvika zvisiri nyore.

Munyori wacho anonyengedza zvisiri izvo zvinokonzera vanhu, maererano nemitemo yose yenhema - mumifananidzo yemhuka. Anonyatsosarudza kwete chimiro chete uye vanhu, asiwo mazwi avanotaura. Kunyanya kunakidza uye kukanganisa ndiwo mazwi ane mapapiro kubva munhau.

Mirror uye Monkey zvinonyanya kukosha vanhu vanonyanya kukosha: Bear monkey inongoda chete kukurukura "makuhwa" uye kuzvirumbidza: vanoti, asi handizvo izvozvo! The Council of the Bear, sezvinonzi fabulist inonyora, "yakangoparadzwa pasina." Mitsetse yefari inokonzera kusemwerera kusingabatsiri kune wese: munhu wose anoyeuka mumwe munhu kubva kumamiriro ezvinhu, saMonkey. Munyori sekuti kana anokurudzira vaverengi kutarisa mugirazi pavari, kuwana nekudzikisa "monkey mukati mawo".

Mashoko ane mapapiro anobva ku fable "Mirror uye Monkey"

Mune fidhi yakadaro shoma mazhinji mazwi akawanda atova mapapiro: vanhu vanovashandisa mukukurukurirana sekusimbiswa, kureva chiitiko chinonyatsozivikanwa.

Semuenzaniso, achitaura nezvechehwa rinonyangadza rinotarisa kune kukanganisa kwevamwe vanhu chete: "Sei chibvumirano ichi chichifanira kufungidzirwa kushanda, hazvina kunaka here kuzvishandura, kuma, kutendeuka?"

Kutaura pamusoro pomunhu anopomera vamwe nezvezvivi zvake pachake: "Pamusoro pechifeve Klimych inoverengwa, asi inogunun'una pachake paPetro."

Vakawanda vanogona, vakangwara, vakazara-refu-satires, sekunge vatora zita remunyori, vave nhasi vane mapapiro! Izvo zvinoreva nhema dzeKrylov zviri pachena - dzinoratidza pachena tsika dzevanhu dzinowanzoitika.