Biography yaTomas Mann, zvinonakidza kubva muupenyu

Zita rokuti "Mann" rinowanzozivikanwa mumitambo yemitauro. Iyi mhuri ndeyeHenry - munyori wenhau, playwright; Eric, Klaus naGolo ndivo varume vanonyora; Pakupedzisira, muridzi wezvipo zvakadaro seNobel naAntonio Feltrinelli, - Thomas.

Mann Thomas, ane ruzivo rwemashoko mapfupi anoyemura nehupfumi nekupikisa kwayo, uye ichava chinhu chinofungwa.

Mudzidzisi wenhau yakawanda

Munyori weGermany ndewemhuri yekunyora yakanyorwa. Zvisinei, zvinotendwa kuti Thomas Mann ndiye akajeka uye anozivikanwa zvikuru nevamiririri vake.

Biography yake inopupura kuti kusvika pazera remakore gumi nemaviri akatungamirira upenyu husina hanya. Akaberekerwa mumhuri yefuma yeLjubek. Zvisinei, mushure mekufa kwemusoro wemhuri - Johann Heinrich Mann, seneta yeguta - kumudzimai wake nevana vazhinji muna 1891, aifanira kurarama achifarira kubva kutengeswa kwemakambani emhuri uye dzimba.

Tinogona kufungidzira kuti Thomas Mann's biography yakachinja zvakashata mushure mekuitika kwechiitiko.

Takatengesa imba muLübeck, mhuri inotamira kune imwe nzvimbo inogarwa kuMunich, uko Thomas anotanga kushanda mune kambani ye inshuwarisi uye anoona ramangwana rake munhau yevhangeri. Kusarudzwa kwenzira yekusika kunokonzerwa nekushamwaridzana kwehanzvadzi yake Henry, uyo akanga atova panguva iyoyo aiva munyori.

Thomas Mann: nzira kubva pakuberekwa kuenda kubasa rechiuto

Zvisinei, takamhanyira kure. Zvinotarisirwa kuburikidza nehupenyu kuratidza rudzi rwevanhu Thomas Mann. Mazuva makuru kubva kuhupenyu hwake achatibatsira mune iyi pfungwa.

June 6, 1875 mumhuri yakanaka-Johan-Mann, mutengesi wezviyo uye mukuru wekambani yekutumira, uye Julia Mann, ari nee nee Da Silva-Bruns, akaberekerwa mwanakomana. Amai Thomas Mann vaimiririra mumiriri wemhuri yeCreole-Brazilian yechiPutukezi. Ndiye iye aive akapindira mune dzidzo yevangaridzi vemazuva ose nehanzvadzi dzake dzose nehanzvadzi.

Muna 1891 baba vake vakafa. Maererano nekuda kwake, iyo yakasimba uye imba yakatengeswa. Mhuri yose yakatamira kuMunich, uko Thomas akapedza kudzidza kubva ku Higher Technical School.

Chiitiko chekutanga chekudzungaira chakaitika muna 1896. Thomas nehanzvadzi yake Henry vakaenda kuItari pamwe chete. Mushure mekufamba rwendo, Thomas Mann akava mharidzi webhuku rinonzi Simplicissimus.

Makore matatu gare gare, muna 1899, biography yaTommas Mann yakasimbiswa nebasa rechiuto. Nguva yebasa yakaumbwa uye yakasimbisa nyika yevanyori. Akasika nhamba inoshamisa yebasa rake "Buddenbroki".

Thomas Mann: iyo nzira kubva kumuchato kusvika kuNyika yekutanga

Pazera remakore makumi matatu pakange paine chiitiko chakakosha chakasiya chikamu chayo pane hupenyu hwose hwomunyori. Iyo nyanzvi yeTomans Mann yava iye zvino nyaya yemunhu mumwechete, asi kubatana kweviri.

Muna 1905 akazvichengetedza naKatyya Prinsheim. Mukunda wePunich purofesa akava shamwari yechokwadi yemunyori kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva ake. Kubva pakubatana kwavo vana vatatu vakaberekwa, vatatu vavo vakapinda mumakwara ababa vavo, vachiva vanyori, vanyori.

Nenguva pfupi mushure mokuroorana kwevekamberi, Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga yakatanga, iyo munyori pakutanga akatora nemoyo wose, asi munguva pfupi akaziva kusakundikana kwematongerwo enyika. Mann aipikisa kushanduka kwevanhu uye kushamwaridzana. Kusiyana kwezvematongerwe enyika kwakaita kuti kusawirirana mumhuri: Thomas Mann akava mupikisi wepfungwa yehama yake mukuru. Asi, kuchinja pfungwa yekutarisa, Tomasi akaziva kudikanwa kwekuchinja kwehupfumi, ndokuzoyananiswa naHenry.

Tsvaga nyika yako uye vagari venyika. Thomas Mann: Biography

Pachiratidzo cheGermany chinoratidza mafiriki, haana kuwana nzvimbo yake yokupotera. Uye saka kuendeswa kwakaitika muna 1933 muKysnacht - guta reSwitzerland - pamwechete nemhuri. Uyu danho rakarongwa naTomas Mann pachake.

Biography inofadza chokwadi pamusoro pehukama hwake nehumwe kana humwe huri huri huri huchibata. Zvinopera kuti mushure megore ra1936 munyori akadziviswa kuva vagari veGermany, akava mugari weCzechoslovakia. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi, muna 1938, Thomas Mann akatamira kuUnited States, uko muna 1944 akazova mugari wenyika iyi. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti, mushure mokubva kuGermany pakutanga kwehurumende yeFascist (muna 1933), haana kudzokera kunyika ye "Hitler".

Kubva kune imwe nyika, munyori akaunza mukufunga kwevaimbova vekuGermany vasavenga kufascism, kuva izwi re-anti-fascist radio programs.

Thomas Mann akaparadzirawo maitiro anorwa-fascist mushure mekupera kwehondo. Iyo inoverengeka "Chiremba Faustus", iyo yakabudiswa muna 1947, yakanga yakaratidza mafungiro emunyori pachake nezvemazuva eNazism. Nazism chinhu chinoshamisa chisina kungoerekana chaitika uye kwete chisingakanganisi, iyo inowanzoitika uye inotarisirwa yero, iyo yakawanda yeGermany yakafamba nguva yakawanda.

Thomas Mann (iyo biography yakarondedzerwa nechepamusoro pamusoro pedu) yakawana runyararo muSwitzerland yakanyarara yeLichchherah. Pano muna 1952 akatamira kunzvimbo yake yekusingaperi. Pano pakanyorwa nhoroondo yake yekupedzisira - "Adventures yemunhu anofarira Felix Krul."

Zvinoshamisa kuti kubva kunekutanga kusvika kune yekupedzisira nyanzvi yekunyora Thomas Mann yaiva yechokwadi kune "I" yake. Mune "Adventures" inotsanangura hupenyu hwemurume akaisa nzira yake kusvika kumusoro kwebasa remabasa, achishandisa urongwa husina tsvimbo hwebourgeois world.

Paul Thomas Mann, mwanakomana wechipiri waJohann naJulius Mann, vakafa musi waAugust 12, 1955 kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kweSwitzerland muguta reZurich.

Kutanga kwenzira yekusika: inova "Buddenbroki"

Chinyorwa chekutanga chekubudisa mabhuku chakadzokera kumakore ekuchikoro mune gymnasium: nekuda kwaTomasi, chiedza chakaona nyanzvi-unyanzvi uye kwete mwana-sefilosofi magazini "Spring Thunder".

Kufamba kuItaly muna 1896 kwakabatsira chaizvo mubasa wemuriri. Nhau dzakanyorwa panguva iyi, akatumira vaparidzi kunyika yavo. S. Fisher akarayira kuumba kuunganidza kwadzo. Yakabudiswa muna 1898 pasi pezita rokuti "Little Mr. Friederman". Zvimwe zvezvakaitika zvake zvakanyorwa panguva yebasa rekunyora mubasa rekunyora kwevhiki rega Simplicissimus.

Mugore rebasa rehondo, munyori akasimbisa maonero ake zvakanyanya pamusoro pezvinetso zvakamunetsa kwenguva yakareba. Mushure mokushanda, muna 1901 akabudisa bhuku rinonzi Buddenbrook. Nhau yekufa kwemhuri imwe. " Zvinotendwa kuti basa racho rinoratidza nhoroondo yemhuri yemubereki kubva pakuona kuti Thomas Mann pachake akazviona. Biography uye zvisikwa, zvakasanganiswa pamwe chete, zvakaratidza kutanga kwebhuku rakanaka rinoongorora nyaya dzomumhuri shoma kuburikidza nejeri rehutano hwevanhu.

Nhoroondo yemhuri pamusoro pekugara kwevanhu

Nhoroondo "Buddenbrooks. Nyaya yerufu rwemhuri imwe "yakabata pamusoro pezvinhu zvepasi rose uye zvemagariro evanhu zvinokanganisa mhuri yakajairika: hupenyu hwehupenyu uye hwemweya, kuparadzaniswa uye kukanganisa kwekuparadzwa kwenyika yebourgeois. Zvinetso zvemuumbi wevanhu muhupenyu uye hupenyu hwakasimudzwa zvakare: dambudziko kune hupenyu huripo, hubatanidzwa nebasa rinoshamisa pamberi pevanhu vakange varasa.

Mutsva, munyori akaramba mitemo yenyika yebourgeois. Chimwe chisingafadzi chimiro chake, achibuda muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, akasiyanisa burgher. Kuwa kweiyo yaimbova yakachena, yakagadzirirwa burgher nyika yeMann yaireva kuparara kwetsika dzose.

Thomas Mann anoratidza kuti zvizvarwa zvina zvemhuri gore negore zvinorasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo chete, asiwo tsika dzavo .

Iko kune pfungwa yokuti Buddenbrokam semhando yevanhu inopesana nemufananidzo. Izvi ndezvechokwadi, asi zvakakanganisa kufunga kuti Thomas Mann anofarira izvozvi. Hazvisi ivo vanochera, kana mufananidzo weMann haasi kuremekedzwa.

Kuzivikanwa kwevanhu vose: Nobel Prize

Kuzivikanwa kwakasvika kuna Thomas Mann kwete pakarepo. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti mugore rekubudiswa chete makopi 100 emabhuku emhuri Buddenbroki akatengwa. Asi makore makumi matatu gare gare, muna 1929, kwaiva kuvonga iye kuti munyori zvachose akanyora zita rake pane zvakanyorwa muNobel.

Kare munguva yehupenyu yebasa raTommas Mann yakatanga kunzi "classical".

Mushure mokupa mubairo, bhuku raBuddenbrook rakasunungurwa mune mamiriyoni emakopi.

Kubvira muna 1933, nhoroondo yeTommas Mann yava nyanzvi yemurume, uyo vanyori vaduku vakanga vakaenzana. Mann akafamba-famba nenyika ndokupa hurukuro, kusanganisira zvinyorwa kubva pamabasa ake.

Thomas Mann: biography, zvisikwa - zvose zvinosanganiswa pamwechete

Chimwe chechipiri chakagadzirwa naTommas Mann chaive basa rokuti "Tonio Kräger", rakabudiswa mumusangano "Tristan" (1903). Mariri munyori zvakare akaratidza kusawirirana kunomutambudza pakati penyika yezvisikwa uye nyika yebourgeois.

Tinogona kutaura kuti hupenyu nekushanda kwaMann zvakanga zvisingabvumirwi kuwirirana. Iyo inoverengeka "Buddenbrook" yakanga isiri iyo chete basa umo hupenyu hwehupenyu nemafungiro emunyori zvairatidzwa.

Uyuwo ndiwo mutambo "Florence", wakabudiswa muna 1907. Mhare dzayo dzinotaura kuburikidza nemuromo wemunyori, achitaura maonero ake Tomasi wemazuva ano kune nyika yebourgeois.

Maonero akafanana emasangano anowanikwa mumabasa ake akawanda, asi avo vanoswedera kumutambo iyo inova "Royal Highness". Thomas Mann akanyora kuti mairi "anoparidza vanhu."

Zvisinei, maererano nemvumo yemunyori pachake, inoverengeka "The Magic Mountain" yakashanduka kuchinja. Inoratidzira zvinopesana zvinopesana zvenyika umo Mann aigara uye akashanda.

Murume akatendeka wemhuri uye baba, mutsigiri wechirume chepabonde

Thomas Mann, uyo ane nhoroondo yakazara nekupikisa mumatongerwo enyika, haafariri kwete chete kwekusika kwake, asiwo zvekuda zvepabonde.

Kupesana kukuru kwakaratidzwa pachipfuva cherudo kune mhuri yekunze idyll uye chido chekuda zvepabonde.

Yakaparidzirwa mushure mekufa kwemashoko emunyori uye tsamba yakapa Tom Mann muchitya chinotyisa.

Izvo zvakatevera kuti munyori akakurumbira, Nobel muurairo, baba vevana vatanhatu, Paul Thomas Mann aifarira zvikuru vamiririri vevarume. Uye chido ichi chakanga chisingagumi kune ruzivo rwepfungwa, urwo Mann Thomas ainge atoziva munguva yehupenyu hwake.

Nhoroondo shomanana yemunyori haaiti ruzivo rwakakodzera, uye izvi zvakakonzera vatsvakurudzi kuti vadzidze zvakadzama nezvehupenyu hwake.

Thomas Mann akafanana nani?

Zviratidzo zvekutanga zve rudo rusingazivikanwi rwevarume zvakaratidzwa pazera duku. Thomas ane makore gumi nemana aiva nemanzwiro asina kufungidzirwa muaidzidza naye Arnim Martin.

Chimwe chikamu chechipiri chisingadikanwi chakamuka makore maviri gare gare. Kudzidza muEngland, Pauro akada mwana wemudzidzisi wezvidzidzo.

Nhoroondo chete iyo, maererano nevatsvakurudzi, yakanga iri kure ne platonic, inobatana nemuongorori Paul Ehrenberg. Ukama hwakagara kwemakore mashanu (kubva muna 1899 kusvika muna 1904) ndokuguma mushure mokunge munyori apinda mumutemo wepamutemo naKatya Prinsheim.

Pasinei nezvakaitika kare, Thomas Mann aida chaizvo kuva nemhuri nevana. Zvisinei, kunyange rudo rwakasimba kune mudzimai wake haruna kumudzivisa kutarisa varume. Kubva mumitambo yemunyori inozivikanwa kuti pfungwa dzekunaka kwemuviri wemurume hazvina kumusiya kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva ake.

Chikumbiro chekupedzisira chaiva Franz Westermayer. Thomas Mann ane makore 75 akabatwa nehope uye akamuka nemafungiro pamusoro pemudzidzisi weBavarian. Asi zvose zvakanga zvisingakwanisi chete nezviroto.

Nzvimbo yechinyorwa yemabasa aTomas Mann

Imabasa ari peni ye munyori yakatanga kuongororwa kunyange munguva yehupenyu hwake. Nhamba yezvinyorwa zvinyorwa kubva muna 1923 kusvika muna 2008 zvinopfuura makumi matatu. Uye izvi zviri kutarisa kuti Thomas Mann's biography nezvemazuva uye zvigadzirwa zvekusika ane basa rimwechete chete, rakagadzirirwa kuronga pazheji kana kugadzira firimu - mutambo "Florence". Nenzira, haana kutorwa. Asi "Buddenbrooks" yakava imwe yezvinyanya kuzivikanwa mukutsinhanisa mafirimu emabasa akanyorwa naTomans Mann.