Chii chinonzi Romanticism in Literature: Definition. Kukurukurirana kwezana remakore rechi19 mumabhuku: zvikamu, vamiririri

Kuva iyo yakanyanya kufarira uye yakapararira yezvakagadzirwa, mabhuku akanyorwa ave nguva dzose maitiro akanaka kwazvo ekuratidzwa kwe mweya wemunhu. Iyo yaimbozivikanwa yepuroseti uye nhetembo yakabva nekuda kwekuti zviremera munguva yakapfuura zvakadzorera rusununguko rwekutaura. Somugumisiro, kuunganidza kusagutsikana kwakakosha kuratidzika kwekuratidzwa kwayo, naizvozvo kwakadururirwa pamashizha asina chinhu epapepa. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye mavara ezvinyorwa zvakaonekwa. Zvigadzirwa zvakadai sezvipfeko uye mifananidzo zvinosvibisa zvinoreva zvakanyanya zvemabasa pasi pevheiri. Yakabvaruka kubva kusagutsikana kwemweya wevanyori vanobatana mumitauro yakazara yekunyora uye matsva matsva. Iye zvino, zvichida, havasi vose vanoyeuka kuti rudo rwuri mumabhuku. Iyo tsanangudzo inotsanangurwa muchidimbu muzita rekufamba uku.

Mhemberero yekufunga kweRoma

Chinhu chikuru mubasa romunyori ndicho chinoreva uye zvakakosha. Izvi zvinotsigira kufungidzira kuti kuoneka kwemaitiro matsva kunobatana zvakananga nezvematongerwe enyika uye kuchinja kwenyika munyika dzenyika. Imwe yemitambo yakanakisisa yakasiya rudo rwema1900 muzvinyorwa. Sangano iri rakatsigira kuti mutsva wezvematongerwo enyika, chiitiko chose chinokosha kuvanhu, nguva dzose inobva mumatauriro ayo munhoroondo mumhando yevanyori vemazuva ano.

Kuedza kusinganzwisisiki kubva kune tariro yebumbiro yekuti vagari vakagoverwa mukurwisana kweFrance, vaMumiririri vamiririri mumabhuku vakaedza kunzwisisa migumisiro yayo kune imwe yakakwirira. Kunzwa kusiyanisa pakati pekuvimbiswa kwakavimbiswa uye mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, vanyori vezvinyorwa zvemavara matsva vakataura kuti "kupikisa" kwemweya kune yakasimbiswa bourgeois system ye "vanyepedzeri". Chii chinonzi Romanticism? Mune mabhuku, tsanangudzo yekuyerera uku haina kujekesa.

Zviratidzo zvebhuku idzva renyorwa

Kunyange zvazvo tsika imwe neimwe yaiva nebhizinesi rayo bhizinesi uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuda zvebhuku mumabhuku, kuparadzaniswa kwaro mune rumwe rutivi rwakava rwechokwadi nekuda kwekunyora kwevanyori pane kuratidzwa kwenyika yomukati yomunhu. Nokudaro maGermany akaratidza rudo mukunyora kwemazwi ezvinyorwa, mabhuku echiChirungu akashandisa maitiro ehupenyu hwemasimba emabasa, uye vaFrench vakashandisa nyaya dzakasiyana siyana dzisinganzwisisiki. Izvo zvingaita, iyo "romantics" yakaedza kushandura chokwadi chakakomberedza, ichichiita kuti chienderane nemitemo yavo, kana kuti vakavhara pachavo mumafungiro avo, vachiita kuti vateereri vafunge nezvezvakaitika uye kurwisana kweaida neavo chaiwo. Kukurukurirana kwezana remakore remakore rechi19 mumabhuku kunoshamisa pakuti yakabhadhara zvakanyanya kuratidzwa kwenyika yepanyika yevanhu uye zvakaitika kwaari.

Kwete-kubatana

Pasinei nekutanga kwezvematongerwo enyika eRoma, iyi yemazuva ano haina chokuita nehupi hwezvematongerwo enyika. Iyi nzira yakashandiswa sevatsigiri veumambo uye udzvinyiriri, hufumi uye hupfumi, uye vapikisi vezvinhu zvose zviripo zvehurumende nesimba. Kukurukurirana kwezana remakore rechi19 mumabhuku kwava chimbo chekutaura pfungwa nemanzwiro, uye kwete sechiridzwa chekutungamira nekugumburwa. Saka, pamwe chete nevatevedzeri vezvidzidzo zvekare uye hurumende yeumambo maivawo nevatsigiri vekutonga kwevanhu vanoita zvekupikisa avo vakapikisa mumabasa avo kupikisa kudzvinyirirwa kwevanhu.

Vamiririri veRoma

Vanyori veFrance ndivo vanomiririra zvakasimba mukuratidza rudo mumabhuku. Kushandiswa kweiyo maitiro ekunyora kunonyanya kufanana nekurwisana kwemaonero akange akaitwa muFrance mushure mokuvandudzwa kwebourgeois. Tsanangudzo inokosha mumabhuku ehutungamiri iyi yakasara nevanyori veFrance vakadai seShotabrian naGermaine de Stael, Lamartine naVigny, Hugo naGeorge Sand. Dhiyabhorosi yekutanga yakasiyana neruvengo rukuru rwekuvandudza, kuimba mumabasa ayo iyo yakambova hukuru hwehurudzi rweFrance. Victor Hugo, akafuridzirwa nemafungiro nemafungiro ehurumende yeFrance, pane zvakasiyana, akataura achitsigira kuchinja kwakaitika. Kusiyana kwakadaro kunoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvinorehwa neRoma mumabhuku. Tsanangudzo yehutano hwakajeka hwemavara ichaita kuti mugumo wakafa upi zvake amateur.

Peak of movement romantic

Nhamba yepamusoro yekufambisa kwechirwere chemurudo yakasvika nekuuya kwemaitiro matsva - nhoroondo yekare yakaitika kusvika kune makore gumi ezana remakore rechi19. Muenzaniso wekutevedzera vanyori veFrance venguva iyi aiva Walter Scott, uyo hukuru hwake hwakaramba husingawanikwi kwavari.

Kana chiri chimiro chegamba rakanaka - rudo, rinowanzopiwa nenzira yeusurukirwa uyo, kuburikidza nemasimba ake, anoputsa kuburikidza nezvipingamupinyi zvese munzira yehupenyu. Kazhinji, vanyori vanoona zvikamu zviviri zvehupenyu izvo zvinogovera musangano nechokwadi chinotyisa. Saizvozvowo, vanyori vanoratidza nguva yekutsika "kukwegura" kwegamba ravo - kuchinja kubva pakuongorora zvakare kusina maturo kwezvavanogona kuita pakuziva kwechokwadi kusagoneki kwezvipingamupinyi. Pfungwa dzepamusoro kuti zviitwe uye kuchinja kwenyika zvipinde mumaonero asina chokwadi pamusoro pechokwadi, kunze kwechido chitsva chekuda. Mhemberero huru yekunyora kweByron kubva mubasa reMwana-Harold yakava mutemo wepakutanga wegamba rekare.

Sensual uye eccentric heroes yakaita chido chisingazivikanwi chekudzivirira.

Kukurukurirana mumabhuku. Tsanangudzo yezvinhu uye zvinhu

Nyanzvi dzinocherechedza zvimwe zvemashoko makuru echiRoma mumabhuku, izvo zvinofanira kunge zviripo mune rimwe nerimwe remabasa avo. Chokutanga pane zvose, munyori webasa anofanira kubvisa miganhu yose pakati pake nemhare yake uye kuderedza kure kure zvakanyanya. Munyori anofanira "kupfeka masikisi" echigamba, anonzwa mumwe nemanzwiro ake, anonzwa simba rezvinhu zvose zviri kunze izvo "zvinogumbura" zvisikwa zvake. Izvo zvinotevera zvakasiyana ndezvokuti munyori haafaniri kutongopomera gamba rake nezviito zvake. Zvose zvakaipa izvo zvinobatanidzwa nehu hero munguva refu, ndizvo zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwekunze kwezvinhu.

Chokupedzisira asi chisina kukosha chakakosha chinokosha ndechokuti chikwata chebasa chebasa chinofanira kunge chichienderana nekutenda. Uyewo rudo rwezana remakore rechi19 mumabhuku rinokosha nekuda kwekushandiswa kwakawanda kwezvifananidzo uye kufemerwa kwevanhu vasina upenyu. Nokuda kwetsanangudzo yakajeka yehutano hwemamiriro ehutano, kunyorerana nemasikirwo emasikirwo nematambudziko anowanzoshandiswa.

Mikana isina kukwana

Nzira itsva iyi yakanga yakakurumbira zvikuru nekuda kwekuti kuburikidza kwayo yakavhiringidza iyo yakabvumira zvose zvigadziriswe uye zvisikwa zvekusika zvakange zviripo muhutano hwechikoro, izvo zvakaomesa vanyori. Kuita zvisingagumi kushandura manzwiro pamapepanhau, novelist akanganisa mitambo yakasiyana. Rudo rwemhando yakasiyana nemamwe mabhuku, rwuri nyore uye rwakapa ruzivo rwaro kune rumwe rutivi rwevanyori. Uyewo, semugumisiro wekubuda kwemaitiro matsva, miganhu pakati pekugadzirwa kwepamusoro nevanhu vakasiyiwa yakasvibiswa. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti rudo rwuri mumabhuku. Iyi tsanangudzo yekusava nechokwadi mukati momweya wemunyori, kubwinya kwekunetseka kwake uye kuzvidya mwoyo kuburikidza nenyika yenyika yegamba rake.

Iko kushandiswa kwechiRoma kuburikidza nekusika

Kunzwisisa kuti rudo rwuri mumabhuku, tsanangudzo yezvinhu zvakakwirira, izvo zvakaiswa nevateveri vayo, vanopa vanhu nguva yakareba mukana wekutsvaga kukanganisa kwesangano iri kumarudzi akatevera. Sezvo watanga semhando itsva yekunyora, Romanticism yakaguma ine simba guru pamimhanzi nekupenda. Vakurudzirwa neruzivo uye kuratidzira kwekuti vanyori veiyo mhando vakapa, vaimbi nevaridzi vanoita zvekuisa pfungwa yekuvandudza mumabasa avo. Semugumisiro, sezvinoratidzwa nhoroondo, kwete vanyori chete, asiwo vamiririri vevanhu vakarurama vanowana mukana wekunakidzwa nemabasa avo, vakapinda mune mubairo, vachipinda mune chimwe chinhu chaicho.