"Kupikisa Ikozvino." Tolstoy Alexey Konstantinovich

Zvinosuruvarisa, pane zvitatu zvikuru Tolstoys, Aleksei Konstantinovich chete ndiye asina kudzidza kuchikoro uye zvishoma zvinodzidza mumayunivhesiti. Akanga ari munhu wekuchenjera kukuru uye kutenda kukuru. Akanga asina mabasa asina simba. Akanyora chete pamusoro pezvaaiziva.

Childhood munyori

Akazvarwa musi waAugust 24, kana musi wechishanu weSeptember maererano nemutauro mutsva, muna 1817. MuSt. Petersburg. Baba vake vaiva Count Konstantin Petrovich Tolstoy, amai, vakanaka, Anna Alexeevna. Imba yevabereki vake yaiva yenguva pfupi, apo mukomana uyu akanga asina kunyange mwedzi wemakore, vakarambana. Anna Alexeevna akaenda kunzvimbo yehanzvadzi yake mumusha weKrasnyi Rog. Yaiva ipapo iyo yaakapedza makore masere ekutanga ehupenyu hwaTolstoy. Panzvimbo pebaba vake, akakurira nababamunini vake - Alexei Alekseevich Perovski, munyori uyo akabudiswa pasi pechirevo chinonzi Antony Pogorelsky. Saka pane mamwe mazita ejeri muTolstoy.

Kutanga kwenzira yekusika yaAlexxe Konstantinovich

Akatanga kunyora nhetembo pazera remakore matanhatu, asi haana kuvabudisa kwenguva yakareba, akavaona sevasina maturo. Yokutanga nhetembo yakaitwa muna 1854. Izvo zvakabudiswa mu "Contemporary" -bhuku reNekrasov. Mutsara wekunyora wakaitwa muna 1841. Pasi pseudonym mutsva "Ghoul" wakabudiswa. Tatova mubasa iri zvakajeka kuti munyori akasarudza nzira yake pachake uye akanga asina chinangwa chekutevera mabhuku anonyanya kugamuchirwa. Muna 1867 akabudisa zvinyorwa zvake zvekutanga uye zvekupedzisira zvemashoko.

Kuramba kwehupenyu hwekare

Aleksei Konstantinovich aive nemuvhuro, uye izvi zvakamanikidza kuti afanane nehutano hwemhuri. Zvechokwadi, kusvuta kwake kumabhuku hakuna kubvumirwa. Nokudaro, basa rake rokunyora rakanga richionekwa semhando yekupandukira, kunyange zvazvo akanga asingagoni kupanduka. "Kurwisana Nemazuva Ano" Tolstoy akanyora semhinduro kune shamwari neshamwari, avo vaida kumuona chete semudiplomate. Basa remunyori raifungidzirwa sechimiro chakaipa, kunyange zvazvo fashoni yehupikisi muzana remakore rechi19 yaiva mumutambo wayo.

"Kurwisana nehova" Tolstoy akanyora apo zita rake mumunda wechirangaridzo rakanga rave rine uremu. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1867. Akarwisana kwenguva yakareba pamwe chete uye akaedza kubatanidza basa nekunyora, asi akaziva kuti zvakanga zvisingaiti, uye akasarudza zvakanga zviri pedyo nemoyo wake. Pazera remakore makumi mashanu akazvipira iye oga kumabhuku. Alexei Konstantinovich akasiya guta guru kuti anogara munzvimbo iri kure, kuenda kune zvake, ndokuita basa rokugadzira. Kubva kumativi ose akapiwa mhosva. Nhema dzakawanda dzakazvarwa. Alexei Tolstoy pamusoro pemukuru wezvino iyeye, uye izvi nguva dzose zvinopesana nevanhu. Pane imwe nguva, uye muzana remakore rechi19, kunyanya zvakadaro.

Kuongorora kwenguva pfupi kwechirevo cheTolstoy "Against the Current"

Mune basa iri, mudetembi uye playwright anopa mhinduro, sei akasarudza nzira yekusika, uye kwete basa rakanaka. Uyezve, anodanawo kune vamwe, saiye pachake, kudzivirira zvavanoda uye kwete kuteerera kune maonero e "vanhu vakawanda".

Munyori anoti sangano rinosuruvarisa remazuva ano harifaniri vanhu vakasika - vanorota. Inonyanyisa. "Ndeipi, zvino, ichasimuka kwauri, rudzi rwakamutswazve, kurwisana nezvino?" - Tolstoy, sezvazvakadaro, anotaura pamusoro pekururamisa uye huwandu hwehutu. Asi zvino inopikisa, ichitaura kuti izvo zvisingazivikanwe zvinokwezva simba ravo pachavo. Pasi pesimba, zvichida, kufemerwa kunoreva. Mushure mezvose, izvi ndizvo - kufemerwa - kunobatsira kuona nyika yakaisvonaka kudarika dzimwe dzose. "Tenda nyeredzi yakanaka yekufuridzirwa," Tolstoy anodana munhetembo "Against the Current". Kuongororwa kwebasa iri kunoratidzawo kutendwa kwevanyori mukusarudza kwake, mukururama kwake, anotaura mienzaniso yekukunda kwezvakanaka uye anotenda kuti unyanzvi uye kukurudzira kuchavapo. Uye chete basa rokusika rinovimbiswa kusafa.

Alexei Konstantinovich akarwisana ne "unyanzvi hwakachena". Mune nhetembo yake "Against Against Current" Tolstoy akatsamwa nemwoyo wose uye anogutsikana nekusaruramisira kune vanhu vakasika. Nzvimbo yemunyori iri pachena uye yakajeka. Akaita sarudzo yake uye aida kutsigira mune imwe sarudzo yevamwe.

Munyori akawedzera mafungiro ane utsinye kwete kubva kune rumwe rutivi rwevanhu, asiwo kubva mukutsoropodza zvinyorwa. Akanzwa akanzwa. Uye akadana kuvanhu vake vakafanana.

Nhetembo inoratidza kuti mukati memo yeAlexxe Konstantinovich semukurumbira wekunaka. Anofunga kuti ndiye muumbi. Uye anokudza mabhuku sechigadziro, iyi ndiyo musoro mukuru we nhetembo. Pfungwa ndeyokuti unoda kutevera basa rako netarenda pasinei nezvose.

Ukuru hwemurope ndewe dactyl. Yakashandiswa zvakanyanya epithets uye mifananidzo, pamwe chete nemunhu - "nyika yakanga yakanyanyisa".

Tolstoy anofunga nezvemabasa eunyanzvi, kwaari ivo vanobva kuna Mwari. Zvinhu zvakasikwa chinhu chitsvene: "Ngatitii tiende nechemberi yedu shrine!"