Yamb is ... Yamb, trochee, amphibrachia

Muchikamu chino tichakutaurira nezveIambic, uyewo muchidimbu pamusoro pevamwe vhesi. Ngatitsanangurire nekutanga mazano anozoshandiswa mundima.

Rhythm inoratidziro yakagadzirwa rine runyararo. Iyi ndiyo nzira yakawanda yekutaura kwendima. Mera imwe nyaya ye rhythm. Izvi zvinogadziriswa zvisinganzwisisiki uye zvakasimudzirwa zvigadziri (nzvimbo dzisina simba uye dzakasimba) munhetembo, sangano rose rezwi raro rwenzwi.

Kukura inzira imwe yerimwe sangano rakanaka rhetembo; Ichi ndicho chiitiko chakakosha chemamita atojekeswa nesu. Semuenzaniso, iambic inogona kunyanya kusanganisira zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana kubva kune-kusvika kune imwe kusvika kune gumi nemaviri-tsoka, uyewo pasina. Uwandu hwechirama chechirasi hunogona kuongororwa nenhamba yezvigadziri, mu tonic - nekuverenga nhamba yezvinetso, uye mu syllabo-tonic uye metric - nenhamba yemagetsi uye nemamita (iambic, trochee, amphibrachia, nezvimwewo).

The etymology yezwi rokuti "iambic"

Ngatitangei kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro pekutangira kwezwi rekutifarira kwatiri. Izwi rokuti "iamb" ndiro zita rechiGiriki rekare rechiridzwa chemimhanzi. Inoreva mumatrickare ekare disyllabic, iri nyore, netsoka mitatu (syllable yakareba + yakareba). Muchirevo chechi syllabo-tonic (chiRussia, somuenzaniso) is syllable yakasimbiswa + yakasimbiswa. Iamb inonziwo iamba, inosanganisira iambic mamita.

Iyo etymology haina kunyatsosimbiswa. Iambic nziyo, sezvinozivikanwa, dzaive chikamu chinokosha chemhemberero chaiyo yekubereka, iyo yakaitwa mukukudza Dhemeter.

Izwi iri raibatanidzwa nezita raYamba, muranda waKeleus, mambo weEleusinian. Maererano nenhema, musikana wacho akatsamwira Demetra netsinye dzisina kunaka, izvo zvisingatauriki kwose kwose zvakatsvaga mwanasikana wake Persephone. Zvinogonawo kuti zita rokuti Yamba ndiro rondedzero yezwi rekare rinoreva kusvibiswa.

Yamb in antiquity

Mune nhetembo dzemazuva ekare, mhando dzakajairika dzeiambs dzaiva chetemeter uye senarium. Iko senarium inosanganisira matanhatu maamboni iambic. Mhando yechipiri, iyo mitambo, inewo mitanhatu yeambambasi inosimuka, iyo yakabatanidzwa muviri (vaviri mabhii anonzi ransomdia). Zviratidzo zviviri zviri nyore mu versification yekare zvinogona kuchinjwa neine nzara, uye pamwe chete, iyo inorema ingashandurwa nemapapu maviri. Muzvokwadi chaiyo, kubva pane izvi, maitiro akasiyana-siyana evembambo yembambo yakaberekwa. Nhetembo dzakanyorwa mubasa iri, dzakanga dzakanyanya kufanana nedzimwe dzose pamutauro wakafanana uye dzakashandiswa naizvozvo zvikuru kwete mumapurogiramu akasiyana, asi mumutambo nemashoko (mumakomedi, matambudziko, nhau).

MuchiGiriki metric, iamb inoita nhanho mbiri-syllable inosanganisira syllable shoma shoma uye yechipiri yakareba. Anakrusa haana kufungidzira nziyo dzomuimbi dzevaGiriki vekare, uye naizvozvo rhythm yakanga ichikwira (iambic) kana kuti ichidzika (i.e, trochee).

Iamb and trochee

Iamb uye kutsika mumagetsi ekare akanga akabatanidzwa pasi pezita rose rekumisa ne rambim rhythm pamusoro pekuti iamb yaive yakawanda (uye ichiri kuitika) kupfuura trochee.

Khorei ishoko rechiGiriki chekare, rinobva pashoko rokuti "dhani", uye rinorevawo "ukuru", "chorus foot". MuchiS syllabo-tonic ndima, yakawanda ndeyemakumbo mana nemakumbo matanhatu, uye kubva pakati pezana remakore rechi19, trochee yematombo mashanu inotanga kushandiswa.

Zvose iamb ne trochee zvinomiririra dhilabic. Mu chorea, kunetseka kunoiswa pa syllable yekutanga, mu iambic - syllable yechipiri.

Nhatu-syllable vhesi mikuru

Takakurukura zviyero zviviri-syllable. Ngatitii ikozvino titaure mazwi mashomanana nezve trisyllabic. Amphibrachium ine mazodzi matatu, nechishoko chechipiri syllable. Kukura kwakanyanya kunowanzoitwa syllabo-tonic versification ndeyemakumbo mana (kubvira pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19), uyewo nematare matatu (kutanga kubva pakati pezana remakore rechi19). Dactyl ihwowo hukuru hwetrisyllabic, asi nekusimbisa kune wekutanga, uye anapeste pane yekupedzisira yevatatu.

Yamb mumabhuku eRussia

Kutanga kutaurwa kwake mumabhuku enyika yedu tinoona mubhuku rakabudiswa muna 1619 M. Smotrytsky akadana "Grammar ...". Zvisinei, sezwi rechirevo chekunyora, iro rinoreva imwe nhetembo yakanyora, iambs yakatanga kuonekwa munyika yedu chete mushure memaitiro ezvinyorwa akaitwa naV. Trediakovsky. Izvo hazvina nhetembo kubva kumashure eRussia akanyorwa muhukuru. MuRussia, nhamba dzokutanga iambic dzakasikwa naTrdiakovsky.

Yamb iyi yaiva nemakumbo mana. Zvadaro tsika yekushandisa mashizha yakaenderera mberi. Semuenzaniso, Lomonosov akanyora ode, umo iamb inoshandiswa, - nhetembo dzakazvitsaurira kutora Khotin, nhare yeTurkey.

Four-legged iambic

Kusvikira ikozvino, wehukuru hwose hukuru mumanyori echiRussia, inonyanya kufarirwa ndeyechokwadi-netsoka imwe. Anenge makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mashanu nemashanu kubva pamapfumbamwe ezvinyorwa zvevaRussia vanyori vakanyorwa naye. Iko ukuru hwemashoko yakakurumbira zvikuru kwete pamusana pekuita kwechimiro chechimiro, icho chakashandurwa kuhurukuro yezvinyorwa mumutauro weRussia, asi nekuda kwetsika yakagadziriswa yekushandiswa kukuru kwemasvomereredzi ayo makuru, V. Petrov, M. Lomonosov, G. Derzhavin, uye Kwapera gare, uye A. Pushkin naE. E. Baratynsky (ona mufananidzo).

Yaivawo yakakurumbira mumakore ekuma18 nekutanga kwema1900, iambic ine mitsetse mitanhatu, inoratidzirwa nekunyorera mhemberero rwiyo. Haatombogamuchirwi mumapurisa emitambo, asi mumitambo yemitambo - huwandu hwezvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvevhesi (pasina kushandiswa kwemiromo). Kusiyanisa kune "Nhamo kubva kuWi" naGriboyedov, pamwe chete nemutambo "Masquerade", iyo ndeye peneni yaM. M. Lermontov, iyo yakanyorwa mubhuku rehurukuro. Ukuru hwemagumo eve iambic, avo vaanosangana nawo kazhinji, anozivikanwa nekunetsa kushorwa kune maitiro akasiyana-siyana emitemo, pamwe chete nemaphonemes akavezwa. Yamb pentameter inoshandiswa munhetembo inoratidzirwa nechimiro chakasimba, chakaita se octave, sonnet, nezvimwewo. Hazviwanzoitiki kune mirepa matatu (kunyanya pakati pevatendi venguva yekutanga yechitatu yezana remakore rechi19). Dzidziso ye iambic tetrameter inowanikwa zvikuru mumabhuku ekunyora . Izvozvo zvinogona kuonekwa zvidzidzo zveG. Shengeli, B. Tomashevsky, A. Bely.

Pane iambs mbiri-dzine maronda uye imwe-ine maronda mune syllabo-tonic versification?

Iambs mbiri-dzine mitsipa uye imwe-ine mitsipa haisipo, nokuti haigoneki rhythmologically: kuwirirana kwemaviri-maperembudzi kana imwe tsoka-yakasikwa nekuda kwemufananidzo mutsva. Somuenzaniso, mudetembi V. Bryusov akafunga nhetembo yake zvisina kururama iambs.

Yamb akanga ari amphibrachium. Zvakaitika, zvichida nokuti kana zvinyorwa izvi zvinyorwa pasi maererano nezviratidzo zvinyorwa mumitsara yakasiyana, zvino zvicharatidzika zvakafanana ne-iamba imwe yemakumbo.

Multistopy iambs

Iyo iambic ine makumbo matanhatu inowanzova yechipiri mutsara matanhatu ne monosyllabic anacrisis.

Mazhinji-tsoka, mumusoro, yakagadzirwa naAlexander Sergeyevich Pushkin.

Inogona kukakavhirwa kuti pakange pasina iambic pentameter pamberi payo. Nhetembo (iambic) "Gavriliada" ndiro basa rokutanga rakanyorwa naye. Alexander Sergeevich akanga akanyanyisa kuremekedza nezvose zvaiva nekutaura kwekutaura kwekutaura kwakanyorwa mundima. Zvinoda kuziva kuti vanhu vakagara vachitaura nezveCenemir nekurumbidza zvakananga nekuda kwekuti iyo ndima iyo yakatora mutauro wakatarwa wemazuva ano.

Nhoroondo dzeIambic inowanikwa munhetembo dzevanhu

Kunyange zvazvo ukuru hwemaIambs hwakapinda mumabhuku epamba nekuda kwekushandurwa kweTrakoakovsky neLomonosov, nhetembo dzevanhu dzakagadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingabatanidzi zvinovhiringidza zvebhuku kana kumadokero, pakati payo pane fomu yepamakumbo mana yakatarisana ne yamba. Inonzi "quadrilateral" yechipiri. Nevhesi iyi nhetembo yakanyorwa naNekrasov, ine musoro unoti "Kune Uyo MuRussia Anorarama Zvakanaka" yakanyorwa.