Moriak Francois: biography, zvinyorwa, aphorisms, mitauro

F. Moriak munyori wechiFrench wezana remakore rechi20, uyo akafuridzirwa kupfuura nguva yemberi. Saka zvinogona kuonekwa kune avo vanoverenga zvinyorwa zvitsva zvake. Inogona kuonekwa kunyange yekare-yakasikwa-vashomanana panguva imwe chete vanobvumirana kuti tsika dzechiKristu dzinogona kukurira kuedzwa kwematambudziko akawanda ezana remakore rechi20. Iye pachake akabvuma kuti basa rake rakanyatsoiswa kune zvakaitika kare. Chiito chemamwe mabasa ose akaiswa pamagumo eXIX - kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, nyika yemazuva ano haina kumboita kufarira munyori zvachose. Kunyange zvakadaro, Francois Moriak muchengeti weNobel, nhengo yeFrench Academy uye mumwe wevanyori vakakosha vezana remakore rapfuura.

Nzvimbo dzehutano hwehupenyu hwaFrancois Mauriac: Bordeaux

Moriak Francois akazvarwa muna 1885 muBordeaux. Baba vake, Jean Paul Mauriac, vaiva bhizinesi uye vakatengesa matanda. Amai Margarita Moriak vakabvawo kumhuri yevatengesi. Francois aiva nehanzvadzi nhatu nehanzvadzi, uye kubva paaiva muduku, akagamuchira kunyanya kutaurwa. Kubva paucheche hwake, akakurira mumitambo yeKaturike yakasimba, iyo kuvimbika kwake kwaakatakura kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva ake.

Mumwe mukomana akanga achidzidza muKoderan, kwaakatenga shamwari yeupenyu - André Lacasa. Muna 1902, mbuya wemunyori vakafa, vachisiya nhaka iyo mhuri yakatanga kugoverana isina kuva nenguva yokumuviga. Kutarisa kwemutambo wemhuri iyi kwaMoriak kutanga kwekutya kukuru.

Mukoji, Moriak yakaverengwa nemabasa aPaul Claudel, Charles Baudelaire, Arthur Rambo, Colette naAndré Gide. Kumutowo wakadaro waive akajaira mukomahwa waArender Gide, mudzidzisi Marcel Drouen. Mushure mekurejiji, Francois akapinda muYunivhesiti yeBordeaux paChivako cheZvinyorwa, izvo zvakapedza muna 1905 senyanzvi.

Mugore rimwe chete, Moriak Francois akatanga kushanyira sangano reKaturike Mark Sagnier. Kuve nesimba rakafuridzirwa nefiroyo neyemazuva ano, vateveri vake vakaona Jesu semunhu wezvakaitika kare uye vakaedza kuwana zvitubu zvekutenda.

Nhoroondo yekutanga yekunyora: Paris

Muna 1907, Francois Moriak akatamira kuParis, kwaakanga achigadzirira kupinda muEcole de Chartes. Panguva imwe chete, anotanga kuzviedza pachake kunyora nhetembo. Iko kuunganidza "Maoko, akaiswa pamunyengetero" yakabudiswa muna 1909. Ndima idzi dzakanga dzisingabatsiri, ivo vakaonawo simba rekuona kwevanyori, asi zvisinei ivo vakakurumidza kutora vanyori vakawanda. Kubudirira kwebhuku rokutanga kwakakonzera Moriak kusiya zvidzidzo zvake uye kuzvipira zvachose kumabhuku. Nenguva isipi yakabuda uye nhamba yekutanga - "Mwana pasi pekutakura kwemaketani." Yakatove yakanyatsojekesa pfungwa huru yemabhuku ake ose anotevera: jaya kubva muruwa rwenyika rinomanikidzwa kurwisana nemiedzo yeguta guru uye pakupedzisira rinowana hukama muchitendero.

Mabasa panguva yebasa uye maonero ezvematongerwe enyika omunyori

Sezvo nevamwe vazhinji vanyori veFrench, somuenzaniso Albert Camus naJean-Paul Sartre, Moriak akashinga zvikuru Nazism. Panguva yebasa reFrance neVaHitlerites, akanyora bhuku rakarongedza kusabatana. Zvisinei, pakutanga kwezvose akaparidzira mazano ekupa tsitsi, naizvozvo mushure mehondo akadana kuFrance kuti anzwirwe tsitsi kune avo vakabatana nevaJalimane.

Akanyatsopikisa mutemo wekoloni uye kushandiswa kwekutambudzwa muAlgeria nemauto eFrance. Moriak akatsigira kuGaulle, mwanakomana wake akava munyori wega wega wekupedzisira kuma1940.

Mabasa echitendero naFrançois Mauriac

Munyori wacho akatungamirira chirevo chisingawirirani naRoger Peirefitt, uyo akapomera Vatican kuti aite zvechinhu choupombwe uye aigara achitsvaga vaJudha vakavanzika pakati pevashandi vake. Mukuwedzera kune wenhema, Moriak akasiya mabasa akawanda pamusoro pezvakakosha zvechiKristu: "Upenyu hwaJesu," "Zvakaitika Pfupi muDzidziso Yezvechitendero," "Pamusoro Pemaitiro Mashoma Asina Mwoyo." Mune bhuku rinonzi The Life of Jesus, munyori anotsanangura kuti sei akaramba akatendeka kune chitendero chaakaberekwa nacho uye akarererwa. Maererano nemunyori pachake, hazvirevi kuvadzidzisi vezvebhaibheri, kana kuvasayendisiti, kana mafilosofi. Izvi zvinowanzove kureurura kwemurume ari kutsvaga tsvimbo inotungamira yehupenyu hwetsika.

Francois Mauriac: mitsara uye mairirisms omunyori mukuru

Moriak akasiya zvinhu zvakawanda zvisinganzwisisiki uye zvakachenjera izvo zvinoratidzira chinangwa chaicho chemunhu. Basa rake rose akazvipira kune chidzidzo chemafuro erima emweya uye kutsvaga mitsva yezvakaipa. Chinhu chakakosha chekucherechedza kwake kwepedyo kwaiva kuroorana, muhupenyu husina mufaro hwevakaroorana naye akawana kutsamwa, achikurudzira vanhu kuti vatadze. Aifunga kuti chitendero chinonyomba, zvichibatsira kuti igare pamusoro pemhepo yezvido zvevanhu. Asi pane nguva, akanyora, kana kunyange chinhu chakanakisisa mumunhu chichimukira Mwari. Ipapo Mwari anotiratidza isu chinhu chedu chekutungamirira nzira yechokwadi. Chitendero uye mabhuku, saka, zvakanyatsogadzikana, izvo zviviri zvinobatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani munhu, Francois Mauriac akatenda. Mitsara ine dzidziso dzechiKristu inogona kuwanika munenge mhando dzose dzevheveli.

Mashoko pamusoro pe rudo uye muchato

Ndehupi hukama pakati pemurume nemudzimai muwanano, tsika dzekusavhiringidza kwavo - ndizvo zvakatanga kutaurwa naFrançois Moriak. Zvinyorwa pamusoro porudo, izvo munyori ane zvizhinji zvizhinji, zvinoratidza kuti munyori akafungisisa zvakawanda panyaya iyi. Kungofanana naLeo Leo Tolstoy, aifunga kuti kuroorana chinhu chitsvene pakati pevanhu vaviri. Rudo pakati pevakaroorana, akanyora Moriak Francois, achipfuura nematambudziko mazhinji, ndiyo yakanakisisa, kunyange yakawanda kwazvo, chishamiso. Muzhinji, akaona rudo se "chishamiso chisingaoneki kune vamwe", akafunga kuti ichi chinhu chakavanzika uye chakavanzika pakati pevanhu vaviri. Kazhinji akamutumidza semusangano wevasina simba.

Mukutsvaga akarasika Mwari

Munyori akare-kare anogona kungotumidzwa kuti munhu anonyatsoona basa rake. Ichokwadi, unhu hukuru mumatavi aFrançois Mauriac, kana tikakoshesa zvose, ndeyevanhu vemazuva ano bourgeois. Uye kunyanya chaizvo, rudzi rwakarasikirwa naMwari, rwakapinda zvinyararire, rwakawanikwa naNietzsche chirevo chake chokuti Mwari akafa. Nhoroondo yerudzi rweMoriak rudzi rwekunatswa, kuedza kudzosa vanhu zvakare kuti vanzwisise chakanaka uye chii chakaipa. Vane mavanga emanyano ake vanozununguka muhupenyu hwavo hwechando uye vachitsvaga kutsva kwekutsva vanogumburwa pamusoro pechando chenyika dzakapoteredza. Vane XIX yekare vakaramba Mwari, asi XX havana kuuya nechinhu chipi zvacho.

Hometown senzvimbo yekufuridzirwa

Zvakakwana kuverenga inoverengeka yemunyori "A Teenager of Old Times" kuti anzwisise kuti François Mauriac ndiani. Hupenyu hwake huri kurondedzerwa mubasa iri rekupedzisira nekunyatsoongorora. Iyo hero yemabhuku, uyewo Moriak, akaberekerwa muBordeaux mune mhuri yakafuma, akakurira mumhepo yakadzikama, aiverenga mabhuku uye akanamata unyanzvi. Asatizira kuParis, akatanga kunyora, anenge achangobva kuwana mbiri uye kuremekedza mumitambo yezvinyorwa. Guta rekuzvarwa rakanyatsogadziriswa mumafungiro omunyori, richibva kubasa kuenda kubasa. Vanhu vake vanowanzoenda kuParis dzimwe nguva, chiito chikuru chinoitika muBordeaux kana kune zvakapoteredza. Moriak akati mumwe muongorori anorega ruzivo rwepurovhinzi asina hanya nevanhu.

Iyo yoroka yemafuta yemanzwiro evanhu

Muchikamu chinoti "Munyori wenhau uye vanhu vake," Moriak akarondedzera zvakadzama kuwanda kwekutsvakurudza kwake - ndiyo psychology yemunhu, zvido zvinomira munzira yake kuna Mwari uye iye pachake. Achifunga nezvemhuri uye nezvemhuri, Moriak "akanyora hupenyu" mune zviratidzo zvaro zvakasiyana. Achibvisa kunze kwe symphony yemanzwiro evanhu mumwe chete, achiisa pasi pemhepo inotyisa ine microscope yekucherechedza kwake, munyori dzimwe nguva anoratidza kuderera kwechido chevanhu chekuunganidza, nyota yekugadzirisa uye udyire. Asi zvakadaro chete, nechisviniro chekuvhiya, unogona kuderedza pfungwa dzisina kururama kubva pakuziva. Chero bedzi kuburikidza nekutarisana chiso nechiso nemaitiro avo, munhu anogona kutanga kurwisana navo.

François Mauriac: aphorisms pamusoro pehupenyu uye nezvako

Kufanana nemunhu wese anoramba achishanda neshoko, Moriak aiziva kushamisa kunyanzvi kuratidza chigaro chake muupenyu mumutongo umwe. Mucheki wake anonyatsorondedzera maitiro evanhu vanozvimiririra vanoda kuremekedza nzvimbo yake apo anonyora kuti akamira neane rimwe muguva uye haadi kuti aende kune rumwe rutivi. Usamudzivisa kutaura uye wit. Semuenzaniso, mumwe wezvinyanya kuzivikanwa pamapurisa ake ndeokuti vakadzi vasingabatsiri kazhinji vanodhura kupfuura vamwe. Zvimwe zvemashoko emunyori anotora zvinhu zvatinoziva kwatiri nenzira isingatarisirwi. Mune iyo aphorism "kudhakwa kwezvinodhaka ndiko kufara kwenguva refu kwekufa," kutengesa kune ngozi kunowana inenge inoda kufanana.

Mazhinji ehupenyu hwemunyori aigara muParis uye nekunze ainzwa guta iri. Zvisinei, mutsara wekuti Paris inzvimbo isina vanhu, unozarura musuo kwete kunyanya kumashure ayo semweya wemunyori pachake. Munguva yehupenyu hwake hurefu - Moriak Francois akararama makore 85 - haana kugumburwa kamwechete uye akaita mhedzisiro yekunzwisisa kuti kuvaka mhepo yakashama hakuna maturo, asi kuparadzwa kwavo kunogona kudhura.

Afterword

Apo Francois Mauriac akaudzwa kuti aiva munhu anofara, nokuti aidavira kusafa kwake, nguva dzose akapindura kuti kutenda uku hakuzori pane chimwe chinhu chakaoneka. Kutenda kunaka, chido chekuda, uye kunoda kushanda nesimba kubva kumunhu. Chiedza chechitendero nenyasha hazvikudziviriri kune mweya unopikisa pane imwe nguva, inofanirawo kutsvaga tsime runyararo. Kunyanya zvakaoma mumamiriro ezvinhu apo hapana chakakomberedza chinopupurira kunyanya kuvapo kwechimiro nekuzvininipisa. Moriak akati akagona - nekusimbiswa neshoko iri - kuchengetedza, kunzwa uye kunzwa kunzwa, izvo zvaasina kuona.