Epic genres yemabhuku. Mienzaniso uye zvikamu zve epic genre

Mune marudzi ese eumhizha kune mhemberero yakaumbwa mukati mekuparadzanisa, zvikuru zvipenyu, uye zvinyorwa zviduku izvi ndezvipi.

Literary Views

Zvose mabhuku akaparadzana mumhando dzinotevera - mazwi, epic nemutambo.

Mashoko aya anogamuchira zita ravo kubva pachiridzwa chemimhanzi - lyre. Munguva yekare mutambo wacho waiperekedzwa nekuverenga nhetembo. Muenzaniso wekare ndeye Orpheus.

Nyaya yepamusoro (kubva muchiGiriki epos - inoratidzira) ndeye rudzi rwechipiri. Uye zvose zvinopinda mazviri zvinonzi epic genres.

Dhiyabhorosi (kubva mumutambo wechiGiriki) ndeye rudzi rwechitatu.

Kunyange munguva yekare, Plato naAristotle vakaedza kugovera mabhuku kuburikidza nekuberekwa. Scientific, kupatsanurwa uku kwakaruramiswa naBelinsky.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, sarudzo yemamwe mabasa akazvimiririra ave akaumbwa uye akaparadzaniswa kuva rudzi rwakasiyana (rwechina) rwemabhuku . Aya ndiwo mavara-epic genres. Kubva pane zvinyorwa izvi zvinotevera kuti epic genre yakagadzirirwa uye yakachinjwa ikava iyo yega yega yezvikamu zveyimbo yakasiyana.

Mienzaniso yezvakaitwa kare

Nyaya yacho pachayo yakakamurwa kuva vanhu uye vanyori. Uye vanhu vakawanda ndivo vaive vatungamiri vezvinyorwa zvevanyori. Mienzaniso yakadaro yezvinyorwa zvakashata semutsva, epic, inoverengeka, nhau, nhaurirano, nhau pfupi, nhaurirano uye nhetembo, ode uye fungiro muchikwata zvinomirira zvose zvakasiyana zvenhema.

Muzvinyorwa zvose zvemarudzi rudzi rwekurondedzera runogona kunge rwakasiyana. Zvichienderana nezvomunhu anotsanangurwa - munyori (nyaya yacho inobva kune munhu wechitatu) kana munhu akafananidzwa (nyaya yacho inobva kune munhu wokutanga), kana kuti kune mumwe muverengi. Apo tsanangudzo yacho inobva kune munhu wokutanga, panewo zvinogona kuve zvakasiyana - munyori anogona kuva rimwe chete, pangava neanoverengeka kwavari kana kuti inogona kuva munyori wemamiriro ezvinhu asina kugovera muzviitiko zvakatsanangurwa.

Unhu hunhu hwemhando idzi

Kana nhoroondo yacho inobva kune munhu wechitatu, ipapo imwe sangano, kufungisisa mune tsanangudzo yezviitiko, inofungidzirwa. Kana zvichibva kune vanhu vokutanga kana vanhu vanoverengeka, ipapo pane maonero akasiyana-siyana pamusoro pezviitiko zvinotsanangurwa uye kufarira kwevanhu vanofanirwa (mabasa akadaro anonzi munyori).

Chimiro chemashoko epicic genre chirongwa (kunyanya kuratidza kushanduka kwezviitiko zvinotevera), nguva (mumutambo wakafanana iyo inotora kuvepo kwemafambi akafanana pakati pezviitiko zvinotsanangurwa uye nguva yekutsanangurwa) uye nzvimbo. Izvo-nhatu-svondo yemhepo inopupurirwa nekurondedzerwa kwezviratidzo zvemasimba, zvinyorwa uye nzvimbo.

Zviratidzo zvepikisi yemhando zvinoratidza kukwanisa kwekupedzisira kunosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai semhanzi (rwiyo rwekunyora) uye nheyo (monologues, hurukuro). Epic genres zvinoita sechinyatsobatana.

Mafomu epic genres

Mukuwedzera, kune zvikamu zvitatu zvemaitiro epicic - makuru, mashizha uye maduku. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzezvinyorwa dzinorega mafomu akaenzana, achitaura nyaya yacho kune imwe huru, iyo inosanganisira inoverengeka uye yakawanda. Pano pane pfungwa yeruzivo-epic. Dzinopesana kubva kune mumwe nemufananidzo wekurondedzera uye chirongwa. Zvichienderana nemibvunzo yakanyorwa pamusoro penyaya ino, inogona kufambisa zvakaitika kare, inonakidza, inotyisa, yepfungwa, yehupi uye yehutano. Uye izvi ndizvo zvakare zvikamu zve epic genre. Nhamba uye huwandu hwemashoko nemibvunzo, mhinduro dzemhando iyi yemagwaro, inobatsira Belinsky kuenzanisa nhoroondo ne epos yehupenyu hwega.

Nhau yacho ndeyomufambi wepakati, uye nenyaya, nhepfenyuro, mifananidzo, nhau, mifananidzo uye kunyange anecdote inoumba chidiki chechimiro. Iko ndiko kuti, epic genres huru ndeyano, nhau uye nhau iyo kutsoropodza zvinyorwa kunofanidza se, nenzira imwecheteyo, "chitsauko, peji uye mutsara kubva mubhuku rehupenyu."

Vamiririri vemarudzi makuru emhando

Pamwe chete nepamusoro apa, mavara akadai semhero, novella, nhau, nharo, vane maitiro avo, kupa muverengi pfungwa yehumwe huwandu. Zvose zvinoshandiswa pamabhuku ezvinyorwa zvinoberekwa, zvinosvika pakukwirira kwekutadza uye kufa. Zvino pane runyerekupe pamusoro pekufa kwevanoverengeka.

Vamiririri vakadaro vemhando dzakawanda dzemhando dzakakura, seyano, epic kana ino-epic, vachitaura pamusoro pehuwandu hwezviitiko zvinoratidzirwa, zvinomiririra kufarira kwenyika uye hupenyu hwomunhu maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu aya.

Iyo nyaya ndiyo basa guru, iro musoro unogara uchiva matambudziko uye zviitiko zvekukosha kwenyika. Mumiririri akajeka wemhando iyi ndiyo inoverengeka "Hondo uye Rugare" naL. Tolstoy.

Zvikamu zve epic genres

Epic poem is poetic (uye dzimwe nguva prosaic - "Mweya Yakafa") rudzi, chirevo icho, semurairo, chakazvitsaurira kuimba mweya wenyika uye tsika dzevanhu.

Iro iyo izwi rokuti "inovhesi" yakabva muzita remutauro wakatanga kuparidzirwa mabhuku-Rudo (Roma kana Roma, uko basa racho rakabudiswa muchiRatin). Zviratidzo zvekuverengeka zvinogona kunge zvakanyanya-genre, compositional, artistic-stylistic, mutauro uye nyaya. Uye mumwe nomumwe wavo anopa kodzero yekutumira basa kune rimwe boka. Kune nhoroondo yevanhu, tsika, tsika-zvekare, zvepfungwa, ruzivo, kuedza. Iko kune inodikanwa inodikanwa, kune Chirungu, ChiFrench, ChiRussia. Nenzira yakawanda, inoverengeka - ichi chikuru, chimiro, chinowanzoshandura basa, chakanyorwa maererano nezvimwe zvinyorwa nemitemo.

Ivhareji yefomu yezvigadzirwa zvemaitiro

Zviratidzo zvemararamiro ehupenyu "nhau" haisi muhuwandu hwebasa racho, kunyange zvazvo inonzi "rudo ruduku." Munyaya yacho, kune zviitiko zvishoma. Kazhinji kazhinji yakazvipira kune chimwe chiitiko chikuru.

Nyaya iyi ibasa reprosaic duku remunhu anorondedzera, rinotsanangura imwe nyaya kubva muupenyu. Kubva munhau dzepano iye akasiyana nekuona kwemavara. Maererano nevamwe vanotsoropodza zvinyorwa, nhau inogona kunzi basa iro kune kubatana kwenguva, zviito, zviitiko, nzvimbo uye unhu. Izvi zvose zvinoratidza kuti nyaya yacho, sekutonga, inotsanangura imwe chiitiko chinowanikwa nehero imwe pane imwe nguva. Hapana kune tsanangudzo yakatsanangurwa yemhando iyi. Nokudaro, vazhinji vanotenda kuti nyaya - iyi ndiro zita rechiRussia romutsva, iro rakatanga kutaurwa muWest Western mabhuku muzana remakore rechigumi nemakumi mana uye rinomiririra mutsara wechidiki.

Sezvinyorwa zvinyorwa, inoveli yakagamuchirwa naBhoccaccio muzana remakore rechi14. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti inoverengeka yakakura kudarika nyaya nezera. Kunyange A. A. Pushkin naN. Gogol, dzimwe nhau dzaive dzakataurwa kune nyaya. Icho chikonzero, pfungwa yakajeka kana isiri yakajeka iyo inotarisa kuti "nyaya" chii, yakasimuka mumabhuku eRussia muzana remakore rechiXVIII. Asi hapana mitsara yakajeka iri pakati pe nyaya uye inoverengeka, kunze kwekuti iyo yekupedzisira, pakutanga kwayo, yaive yakaita seanecdote, kureva kuti, pfupi pfupi inoratidzira hupenyu hwehupenyu. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinowanikwa mazviri muMiddle Ages, inoverengeka yakachengetedzwa kusvikira nhasi.

Vamiririri vechimiro chechimiro chechimiro

Nyaya yacho inowanzovhiringidzika nechinyorwa chezvikonzero zvakafanana -kushaikwa kwekujekesa zvakajeka izvo zvinoratidza kuti kune mitemo yekunyora. Uyezve, vakaonekwa vanenge panguva imwe chete. Mutsara - tsanangudzo pfupi yechinhu chimwe chete chinoshamisa. Munguva yedu yakava hurukuro nyaya pamusoro pechiitiko chaicho. Muzita iro pachako pane chiratidzo chehupfupi-mudimbu. Kazhinji kazhinji, zvinyorwa zvinoparidzirwa mumapepanhau - mapepanhau nemagazini.

Nokuda kwechimiro chechimiro chechiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kucherechedza maitiro akadai se "fantasy", kuwana mukurumbira munguva ichangopfuura. Akaonekwa muma-20 ees emakore ekupedzisira muAmerica. Baba vavo ndiyo Lovecraft. Kufungidzira ndokwemhando yemafungiro emhando iyo isina vesayenzi yakasunga uye yakaitwa zvachose nenhema.

Vamiririri ve "lyrical prose"

Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, munguva yedu, bhuku rechina rezvinyorwa zvinyorwa, zvakadai sedhirangaridzo, ballad, rwiyo, rakawedzerwa kumhuri nhatu dzinyorwa . Zvinyorwa zvebhuku rino rekunyora zvinosanganisira mukubatanidza nyaya yacho nemutsanangudzo wezvakaitika mumurondedzeri (izvo zvinodanwa kuti "I"). Muchikamu chechimiro ichi ndechimiro chayo - kubatana kwezvinhu zveyimbo uye epos mune imwe. Kubatana kwakadaro kwakasangana nemabhuku kubvira kare, asi mabasa aya akaparadzaniswa muboka rakasimudzira panguva iyo kufarira muhupenyu hwomunyori - panguva yekunzwa uye rudo - rwakaratidzwa zvakajeka. Lyrical epic genres dzimwe nguva anonzi "lyrical prose."

Mhando dzose, mararamiro uye mamwe maunyuniti ekunyora, kubatsirana, kuvepo nekuvapo kwezvinyorwa.