Nhetembo "Requiem" (Anna Akhmatova). "Requiem": nhoroondo yekusika

Anna Andreevna Akhmatova - chimwe chezvinyorwa zvikuru zvezana remakore rechi20. Mukadzi ane kutsungirira uye kuzvipira muRussia kwaifadzwa. Simba reSoviet rakatora murume wake, ipapo mwanakomana wake, nhetembo dzake dzakarambidzwa, uye mutsara wakaronga kuti atambudzike. Asi hapana kusuruvara kunogona kuputsa mweya wake. Uye miedzo yakawira kune yake mugove, yakanyorwa mumabasa ake Akhmatova. "Requiem", nhoroondo yezvakasikwa uye kuongorora iyo ichakurukurwa munyaya ino, yakazova rwiyo rwechi swan rwechirevo chechirevo.

Chinangwa cheShoko

Muchirevo chekutanga, nharo, Akhmatova akanyora kuti pfungwa yebasa rakadaro yakatanga mumakore e "Yezhov", iyo yaakapedza mujeri, achitsvaka musangano nemwanakomana wake. Rimwe zuva akazivikanwa, uye mumwe wevakadzi vacho akabvunza kana Akhmatova aigona kutsanangura zvaive zvichiitika kwaari. Munyori wenhetembo akapindura achiti: "Ndinogona." Kubva panguva iyoyo pfungwa yetsani iyi yakatanga, saAkhmatova pachake.

"Requiem", nhoroondo yezvakasikwa iyo yakabatana nemakore akaoma zvikuru kuvanhu veRussia, yakatambudzwa nemunyori. Muna 1935, mwanakomana waAkhmatova naNikolai Gumilyov, Lev Gumilev, vakasungwa pamabasa ekurwisana neSoviet. Zvino Anna Andreevna akakwanisa kusunungura mwana wake nekunyora tsamba kuna Stalin pachake. Asi muna 1938 musungwa wechipiri wakatevera, ipapo Gumilev Jr. akatongerwa makore gumi. Uye muna 1949 kusungwa kwekupedzisira kwakagadzirwa, mushure mokunge akatongerwa kufa, akatsiviwa gare gare. Makore mashomanana gare gare, Lev Gumilev akanga agadziriswa zvizere, uye mhosva dzacho dzakawanikwa dzisingabatsiri.

Nhetembo Akhmatova's "Requiem" inosanganisira kushungurudzika kworunyararo rwakatsungirira kwemakore aya anotyisa. Asi kwete chete dambudziko remhuri rairatidzwa mubasa racho. Yakaratidza kushungurudzika kwevanhu vose vakatambura panguva iyoyo yakaipa.

Mitsara yokutanga

Hurukuro yakabuda muna 1934. Asi ichi chaiva chinyararire, izvo zvisikwa zvaive zvakarongedzwa naAkhmatova. "Requiem" (nhoroondo yezvakasikwa iyo ndiyo musoro wedu) yakazova nhetembo gare gare, kutanga 1938-40. Akapedzisa chinhu chimwechete chakanga chave chiri mumakore makumi mashanu.

Mumazana makumi matanhatu ezana remakore rechi20, nhetembo yakabudiswa muna samizdat, yakanakidzwa mukurumbira uye yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune rumwe rutivi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti basa racho rakarambidzwa. Akaendesa zvakawanda kuti aponese nhetembo yake, Akhmatova.

"Requiem": nhoroondo yezvakasikwa - yekutanga

Muna 1963, mhemberero yechirangaridzo inoenda kune dzimwe nyika. Pano, muNunich, basa racho rinoparidzirwa zviri pamutemo kwekutanga. Vashandi veRussia vaifarira nhetembo, kushandiswa kwemashoko aya kwakatsigira pfungwa yeruzivo runyararo rwaAna Andreevna. Zvisinei, mashoko akazara e "Requiem" akabudiswa muna 1987, apo yakabudiswa mumagazini "October".

Analysis

Musoro wehurukuro yaAkhmatova "Requiem" ndiko kutambura kwevanhu nevanoda, avo vane hupenyu hunorema muchiyero. Basa racho rinoumbwa netsamba dzakanyorwa mumakore akasiyana. Asi vose vakabatanidzwa nenzwi rokuchema uye kuchema, iro rinenge ratoziviswa mumusoro we nhetembo. Requiem ibasa remimhanzi rinotarisirwa kudiwa.

Muchirevo chemuprose, Akhmatova anotaura kuti basa rakanyorwa maererano nechikumbiro chomumwe munhu. Pano tsika, yakaiswa pasi naPushkin naNekrasov, yakazviratidza. Iko ndiko, kuzadzika kwehutano hwevanhu vasina ruzivo, kuisa kuda kwevanhu, inotaura nezvehutano hwehupenyu hwebasa rose. Nokudaro, magamba emukondani ndeyevanhu avo avo vakamira naye pasi pe "rusvingo rwakapofumadzwa ruvara". Munyori wenhetembo anonyora kwete chete nezvekutambudzika kwake, asiwo nezvekutambura kwevanhu vose. Nokudaro, rwiyo rwekuti "Ini" runoshandurwa rikava rukuru uye ruchipindirana "isu".

Vakawanda-vanotaura uye vanovhiringidzika "Requiem" (Akhmatova), zvinyorwa zvenhetembo uye vakatsunga zvinhu izvi. Kutenda kune multihero, muverengi anonzwa kuchema uye anonzwa kushungurudzika kwete munhu mumwe chete, asi vose vanobatwa.

Chikamu chekutanga che nhetembo, yakanyorwa nevana vatatu vane mitsetse yakawanda, inotaura nezvemaitiro evanhu. Uye mifananidzo (mambakwedza, nzvimbo yerima, kusungwa, yakafanana nekubviswa kwemuviri) inoita mamiriro ezvinhu ezvakanyorwa zvechokwadi uye inokudzorera kumashure kwemazana emakore: "Ndinoda madzimai akasiyana-siyana." Nokudaro, kutambura kwehino heroine kunotsanangurwa sekusina nguva, inozivikanwa kuvakadzi kunyange mumakore ePeter.

Chikamu chechipiri chebasa racho, chakanyorwa nechisimba chakasungwa nemine, chinotsigirwa mumutauro welallaby. Iyo heroine isingachemi uye isingachemi, yakadzikama uye yakachengetedzwa. Zvisinei, kuzvininipisa uku kwakagadzirwa, mukati maro inokura hupenzi hwechokwadi kubva pane zvakaitika kune shungu. Pakupera kwechikamu chechipiri, mumafungiro e-herorical heroine, zvinhu zvose zvinovhiringidza, kusanyengera kunotora zvachose.

Mhedziso yebasa iri chitsauko "Kufa." Pano heroine huru yakagadzirira kusiya hupenyu nenzira ipi zvayo: kubva mumaoko ebenzi, chirwere, "shell". Asi hapana amai vane kununura, uye iye anonyadzisa kubva pakurwadziwa.

Mhedziso

Nhetembo Akhmatova's "Requiem" inobereka kurwadziwa nekutambura kwevanhu vose veRussia. Uye kwete kungoziva chete muzana remakore rechi20, asi zvakare kune mazana emakore akapfuura. Anna Andreevna haasi kuisa hupenyu hwake nehuwandu hwemagwaro, anotaura nezvekare yeRussia, yezvino uye yeramangwana.