Copyright: pfungwa, ukoshi, kudzivirirwa uye kuchengeteka. Nyaya uye zvinhu Copyright

Copyright - kuva kodzero sezvo pfuma uye vasiri pfuma (anowanzonzi pakunamata) kungova munhu (munyori, kuti munhu wechisikigo munhu), uyo pamwe basa rake rokusika akaita basa mabhuku, sayenzi kana unyanzvi.

Chete mukutanga 70 upfumi rutivi kodzero iyi vakatanga kukurukurwa sayenzi. Saka kure, Copyright asina zvinoreva zvakafanana nokuda nezvoupfumi, sei ane bvumidzwa hurongwa. Saka kazhinji pane underestimation kukosha kudzivirira kwakadaro chete upfumi pfungwa maonero.

Chimwe chikuru zvikonzero izvi ichokwadi kuti pakutanga pfungwa Copyright vavo kudzivirira yakagadzirwa ainyanya sechinhu pamutemo uye magariro. Asi sezvo vanhu vakabvira kumhuka, uye vakawedzera kukosha mashoko, Copyright, sezvo chikamu zvedzidzo pfuma, iri zvishoma nezvishoma kuva anokosha chisingaoneki zvoupfumi twa pamusoro vanhu mashoko. Nhasi zvinonzi haichawanikwi kukurukurwa chete ari chikamu mutemo, uye anoonekwa somunhu chinokosha zvakasimba kuti zvinhu uye upfumi munyika. Pfungwa Copyright ndiyo hwaro pokumuka maindasitiri akasiyana-siyana, kunoita kukura ukoshi akawedzera, zvokutengeserana uye basa. Maererano nedzimwe data, mugove kunobva maindasitiri ayo ari upfumi munyika pakutanga kwemireniyumu akanga 7,3% (anenge 2,2 tiririyoni US madhora). Panguva iyoyowo kukura munzvimbo idzi - avhareji 5% pagore, kuti ndiye dzichimhanya kupfuura avhareji kukura hwenyika yose nyika.

Sources Copyright

The kukura kukosha kodzero kwakaitawo kubva rokuwedzera svikiro nayo inoshanda. Muna 1996, Copyright dzakawanda rakanyoreswa mapepa maviri: maviri WIPO (Treaty pamusoro zvesimba uye Phonograms Treaty uye Copyright) Internet zvibvumirano vakagamuchirwa, ipapo achibatsirwa mumutemo National kunyika zvakatanga ingashandiswa zvoupfumi kwema mu siyana kombiyuta digitaalinen network. Izvi zvakasimbisa kuti nekuita kupanana ruzivo, achisimbisa upfumi mugumisiro ichi mhando mutemo. Paivawo omunharaunda manyuko Copyright. Kufambira Mberi zvemichina akabvumirawo kuti kuvasuma itsva siyana utungamiriri, zvinova zvishoma anodhura uye neyakarurama, achibatsirwa inokosha michina kudzivirira matanho. Pamusana Michina ichi vakawedzera rokutengesa mishonga pasi Copyright kudzivirirwa.

Zvava chinokosha muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, uye nhasi tiri kushanda pamwe marudzi okugadzira zvinhu, izvo makore makumi maviri apfuura, zvakanga zvakaoma kufungidzira. Products kuti vanodzivirirwa Copyright, nokuti nhasi kunosanganisira guru chikamu bhizimisi.

Mapato kodzero

Copyright uye zvinhu vakakamurwa muzvikamu akawanda:

- kodzero pfuma uye asiri pfuma;

- kodzero chete uye asiri oga.

Munhu muridzi Copyright izvi kana kuti chinhu, kunoshamisa, ndiko kushandisa kwainoita chete kurudyi uye anogona kurambidza kushandiswa chinhu nemapoka rechitatu. Exclusive kodzero kuti chigadzirwa kunoitika apo munyori haana vakapfuura navo (kureva asina akagumisa chibvumirano pamusoro kuchinjwa oga kodzero) vamwe.

Non-oga rworudyi zvinoreva kuti munhu ane navo, vanogona kushandisa kodzero chinhu chakasikwa muridzi chete kodzero, pamwe chete naye, uye vamwe vane mvumo kurishandisa saizvozvo. Non-oga kodzero simuka kana ukaronga chibvumirano kuti Copyright, kana asingadi zvakajeka anopa kudaro.

Moral kodzero - pachake kodzero (kwavari havagoni kuvhiya, dzakadai pfuma: kutenga, kutengesa, kushanda, kupa, nhaka, nezvimwewo).

Kunyoresa uye kudzivirira Copyright

kodzero iyi ndeimwe nzira kudzivirira rezvedzidzo pfuma, kureva chinhu remataurirwo mutemo, ukama zvakasikwa uye kushandisa siyana zvigadzirwa mutsika, sayenzi uye nounyanzvi.

Rokuti Copyright - hwose upenyu munyori uye kwemakore 70 pakarepo pashure pokufa kwake. Nokusingaperi akadzivirira kodzero zita, kodzero rakanyorwa uye kudzivirira mukurumbira musiki basa.

kunyoresa yakadaro iripo kuratidza kuti panguva kodzero yacho chinhu chiripo tisingazvinyeperi. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuti Copyright kudzivirirwa pane kudhumhana kuti zvido. In dzose kufukidzwa Berna Convention Copyright akadzivirira kodzero zvinhu zvakasikwa nevagari Russia, pasinei Vakanyorwa, kana kubva panzvimbo yavo kunyoresa.

International Copyright mutemo, uyewo mitemo Copyright the Russian Federation, regai zvinoda kunyoresa kuti ayo kudzivirira. Zvisinei, kana uchida kuratidza kuti chinhu panguva kunyoresa aivapo chinangwa, unogona kunyora izvi pamutemo ukama Authors Russian 'Society. Kana Copyrights dziri kutyorwa, nyaya inofanira kukurukurwa munyika umo mhosva zvakaitika.

Copyright proprietor

vanotongwa:

1) Munyori pachake;

2) mutsivi munyori kureva munhu uyo akanga kubva vechinyorwa vamwe pamutemo chikonzero (chibvumirano, nhaka), kunyanya muparidzi basa;

3) Mushanduri (pa shanduro yako).

Pane musiyano pakati kurudyi muvambi ake vatsivi - kutanga kuuya pakutanga vakashumira nokusingagumi uye nokuda wechipiri zviri ndeyevanyori imwe nguva.

Vanovengwa Copyright

Pahwaro Chikamu 1259 of Civil Code of nhamba wehurumende yedu, zvinhu pachinhu icho Copyright kuRussia, mabasa mabhuku, sayenzi uye uri, zvisinei yavo chinangwa, uyewo zvinokwaniswa uye siyana okuti.

Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• rinobva mabasa, i.e. ndiyo kubudiswa rimwe basa;
• zvinoriumba kuti dzinokonzerwa rokusika basa ndiwo urongwa kana vakasarudzwa zvinhu.

Copyright muRussia sezvo mabasa vanosunungurwa uye unpublished kutaurwa chero chaihwo chimiro, kusanganisira nemumuromo uye zvakanyorwa (semuenzaniso, pachena kuita, vachikanda etc.), In chimiro zvifananidzo, mavhidhiyo uye ruzha dzakarekodwa, uyewo bhuku -space chimiro.

zviratidzo zvinhu

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti midziyo kodzero dzakadaro vane chaiyo unhu:

• rokusika unhu kusikwa;
• Chinangwa muchimiro mashoko ayo.

Kureva chinhu anofanira kunge akasikwa zvakonzerwa hwokusika basa uye kutsaura panyama svikiro (muchimiro chifananidzo, yakanyorwa, mavhidhiyo kana Audio kurekodha, vatatu-dimensional), kana kuratidzwa nemashoko, asi kwete nenzira paruzhinji.

Kureva, Somuenzaniso, akatanga somugumisiro zvakasikwa basa munyori mvura muenzaniso kuchengetwa kana tichishanda Chitubu haangavi pasi Copyright. Ivo vanodzivirirwa chete tsime sezvo ane ruzha-spatial chinangwa chimiro (ibwe, simbi), uye aqueous mapatani havasi.

Mumwe muenzaniso: dzakaunganidzwa michina zvinhu haisi mugumisiro zvakasikwa, saka kwayo mugumisiro haisi kuonekwa pasi kwakadai mutemo. Music pasina Copyright - zviri Somuenzaniso, muunganidzwa zvakanakisisa nziyo imwe boka.

Mhando zvinhu

Saka, pursuant kuti nyaya nhamba 1259 of Civil Code munyika, vanoonekwa kuti vanzwirwe Copyright:

• chigadzirwa mabhuku;
• mumhanzi uye mutambo, mutambo uye scenario;
• pantomime uye magadzirirwo awo;
• mumhanzi sezvo wenyaya, uye pasina;
• audiovisual;
• mabasa chivezwa, kupenda, magadzirirwo, Graphics, enyaya, hwakajeka enganonyorwa uye mamwe mabasa ounyanzvi akanaka;
• Danho magadzirirwo zvinhu uye decoration Arts;
• mabasa mumadhorobha nokuronga, mapurani, nzvimbo uri, izvo zvinosanganisira vanodhirowa, mazano uye mhando;
• Photographic unyanzvi zvinhu, uye vamwe, vakawana nenzira mifananidzo yakafanana;
• siyana Geological, nenzvimbo uye dzimwe mepu, yokunyora nokudhirowa, zvirongwa, epurasitiki mabasa chokuita kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, jogirafi sayenzi nezvimwewo.

Pfungwa Copyright kunosvika kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvirongwa zvakagadzirirwa kuti kombiyuta. Asi, kusafanana nedzimwe zvinhu, kodzero kwavari kunogona wakabudiswa yeUnited Executive muviri, kushanda pamwe rezvedzidzo pfuma. Registration hakusi fanira uye rinoitwa nomuridzi.

Uyewo, Copyright akadzivirira shanduro uye mamwe mabasa rinobva kwezvivako zviripo.

Somuenzaniso, munyori wacho yokufungidzira pakanyorwa, uye mukuru akaita firimu nyaya yake, muchiitiko ichi mutungamiriri ndiye muridzi Copyright iri kwadzakabva iri yokufungidzira, sezvo rinobva basa.

Saizvozvowo, mushanduri, kutanga chigadzirwa mumutauro akasiyana yepakutanga, ane Copyright pamusoro mushanduro dzavo. Shanduro pacharo, sezvinoitwa chepakutanga, ndiyo yakazvimirira sangano.

Copyright hakusi chete basa rose, asi chikamu chacho, zita chimiro, kana mutambi anogona kuonekwa sezvo mugumisiro kuzvimirira okusika basa musiki kwayo.

Somuenzaniso, chimiro Garri Potter, uyewo chikamu zita rinonzi ndivo Copyrights yomumwe JK Rowling, pamwe kodzero kuti rugwaro basa.

Nokuti Copyright haibatanidzi mabasa:

• zvitupa hurumende dzeko, uyewo hurumende dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mitemo, dzimwe mirau, zvinhu, administrative, zvemitemo uye atongwe, nezvaakatonga, pamutemo magwaro masangano dzakawanda uye shanduro dzavo dzebasa;
• nezviratidzo kungova mamiriro (nguvo maoko, mireza, Banknotes, mirairo, etc.), uyewo zviratidzo uye zviratidzo vehurumende;
• ngano (mabasa ngano), izvo havana zvakananga vanyori, akadai mumhanzi pasina vechinyorwa - pevairwara rwiyo;
• vane informational hunhu mashoko pamusoro chokwadi uye zviitiko (mapurogiramu TV, nhau rezuva, kuronga kufamba nemotokari siyana uye vamwe.).

Zvinofanira akati kuti vechinyorwa asina pfungwa, pfungwa, madzidzisiro, misimboti, hurongwa, pezvakaitwa, zvinogadzirisa nesangano, hwokugadzira uye mamwe matambudziko, chokwadi, zvakawanikwa uye zvirongwa mitauro.

Copyright chiratidzo

The "Copyright chinodzivirira" ndeiyi - ©.

Ndiyo tsamba muLatin C (kubva pashoko "Copyright The", zvichireva kuti "Copyright"), akaisa mukati mudenderedzwa. Pamwe uku rinoshandiswa (s) chiratidzo - tsamba C muzvikomberedzo.

Izvi kunoratidza vechinyorwa rinoshandiswa pedyo zita sangano kana munhu kuti muridzi kodzero kuti rakanyorwa. Uyewo, chiratidzo ichi vanogona kunzi chinhu kudzivirira inotaurwa musi chikuva, kana gore bhuku.

The "Copyright dziviriro" roga asingadi kusika zvimwe kodzero. Rinongotaura rinoratidza kuti kodzero kune imwe chinhu ndohwaJehovha chaiyo pamutemo kana dzinongozviitikira munhu.

Kusavapo chiratidzo ichi hazvirevi kuti basa harisi anodzivirirwa nekuti kodzero inomuka pamusoro yavo nemhaka chokwadi chokusika ane basa. Kuti kushandisa kwaari kudzivirira Copyright, kunyoresa kana zvimwe zvirango zvinodiwa.

Uyewo, kutyora haisi chokuita nokuvapo kana kusavapo yakadaro chiratidzo.

Copyright kudzivirirwa

mavambo yavo chokuita nepfungwa rakasikwa chinhu mutemo.

Mutemo wenyika yedu hapana chinokosha nzira kuti vaverengwe kodzero rakanyorwa basa, kunze kunyoresa pamusoro purogiramu pakombiyuta. Munyori, nemurairo, ndiye akasika chinhu, uye ine zvinotevera kodzero:

1) chete kodzero basa pacharo;

2) rakanyorwa;

3) The kodzero zita;

4) kuvimbika basa;

5) panguva yayo pachena.

Technical nzira Copyright kudzivirirwa

Kune hwokugadzira anokosha nzira dzaizopiwa pakudzivirira kwaiita kodzero. Izvi zvinosanganisira chero zvigadzirwa, uyewo hwokugadzira namano uye zvinoriumba zvavo, izvo kudzora kuwana imwe chigadzirwa uye muganhu kana kudzivirira zviito kuti havabvumirwi nomunyori kana zvimwe Copyright pedhi pachinhu chinhu.

Copyright Information

Ari kutorwa chero mashoko anoratidza basa, munyori kana zvimwe muridzi Copyright, uyewo pamusoro ezvinhu kushandiswa chinhu kodzero zviri epakutanga kana kopi basa, ndiko nemhaka kutaurirana pamusoro mhepo kana nedzimwe nzira kuunza chigadzirwa kune veruzhinji, ndaisa, uyewo chero Codes uye nhamba kuti ane mashoko akafanana.

Munyori ane proprietary kodzero:

1) kugovera;

2) kuti kubereka;

3) chinja;

4) importing;

5) kugadzira;

6) pachena chaitwa;

7) vanhu vakawanda;

8) nhepfenyuro;

9) kukurukurirana waya nevoruzhinji.

Pakarepo shure pakusikwa basa munyori anofanira kuva uchapupu kuti vanayo pane imwe zuva. Kana zviri kukakavadzana zvinobatsira chaizvo. uchapupu kwakadaro kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza muitiro chaiyo inonzi deposition. Chaizvoizvo Its - the dhipoziti emagazini basa, uyewo kutara musi makapiwa pamwe kutora chikamu ane gweta. Pashure kuti zvichava akapa gwaro dhipoziti. With nzira iyi zvinokwanisika kunyora nezvokuvapo makopi munyori uri musi chaiwo. uchapupu hwakadaro - chakavimbika kupfuura nedziviriro Copyright nyaya.

Piracy

Kutyora kungaita administrative, vehurumende uye kunyange mhosva kuita. It zvinowanzoitika kuti Copyright kukanganisa kunoitika nokusaziva. Naizvozvo inokurudzirwa kuzivisa kumapati wavo rechitatu kushandisa mutoo: chiratidzo "Copyright dziviriro" + zita romunyori (muridzi) + bhuku gore kana kumwedzi. Zvisinei, nemurairo kuzivisa kurudyi rakanyorwa kana kushandisa pfungwa pamanyorerwo hakusi zvakakodzera.