Ndiani akanyora "Oblomov"? Nhoroondo yokufungidzira "Oblomov"

munhu upi vaizviti vanoziva mazita kuverenga Lva Tolstogo, Ivan Turgenev, Fedora Dostoevskogo uye zvechokwadi anogona kumbotipa somuenzaniso mazita vamwe yakakurumbira mabasa vanyori izvi. Asi uyo akanyora "Oblomov"? Ndiani aiva munyori? Uye nei gamba kukurumbira ake akava saka kwokufananidzira?

Vana vechidiki romunyori nezveramangwana

Ivan Alekseevich Goncharov (uyo akanyora "Oblomov") akaberekerwa Simbirsk, zvino anonzi Ulyanovsk, muna 1812. Akanga ari mwanakomana akapfuma. Asi Papa Ivan akafa makore manomwe pashure kuzvarwa mukomana, muduku Ivan akaunzwa GODFATHER, Nikolai Tregubova norupo-pfungwa aristocrat. Akaona Goncharova yakakura nemagariro horizons uye yakagozha mararamiro. Ivan Goncharov akadzidza pakutanga pachikoro zvokutenga muna 1822, akaramba kunodzidziswa kwemakore masere. zvino sei anoyeuka munyori, zvakanga aiva makore akawanda wenhamo hwake. Ivan aisagona kushivirira kbps dzidzo uye kunyatsoomerera kurangwa nzira. Ake chete nokunyaradzwa panguva yakanga kuzvidzora dzidzo.

Dzidzo uye debut magazini

Zvino nenguva Moscow University, iri pave uzivi rusununguko uye yainakidza gakava, mweya Goncharova kaiva. Ivan patinenge Aingoziva zvimwe vaitungamirira mupfungwa zera rake, asi asingaiti kupinda chero mapoka mudzidzi, vakanga azere nokutenda nevatambi Germany uzivi Romantic.

Goncharov kwakaramba hanya kuti pfungwa kuchinja zvematongerwo enyika uye munzanga, riri kuwedzera kukurumbira panguva. Chinova kuverenga uye shanduro yake chikuru basa. Muna 1832, zvitsauko zviviri kubva mabasa Eugene Sue, uyo akatamira Ivan dzakabudiswa. Yakanga debut yake shanduro.

Graduation uye kutanga upenyu vakura

Ndapedza muna 1834 Goncharov akashumira kwemakore anoda kusvika matatu ari muhurumende. Chokutanga, akadzokera kumba kupinda hofisi gavhuna Simbirsk, uye gore akazotamira St. Petersburg uye vakatanga kushanda sezvo mushanduri panguva Bazi Finance.

Kusiyana mabhuku vorongerwa akadai Turgenev kana NdiTolstoy, Ivan Goncharov akamanikidzwa chokurarama nacho, uye kwete kuvimba kunyora. Ivan, Chokwadi, akava nhengo mabhuku denderedzwa, yakavambwa mumba Maikova kunyange akanyora nhetembo. Asi nokukurumidza zvose vakarega zvorudzi nhetembo. Vakawanda nhetembo dzakaisirwa Goncharov kuti yokufungidzira "Zvavo Story" inoshanda zvakafanana Adueva. A chokwadi nemasaini kuti munyori akarega kutora zvokutamba nazvo.

Mabhuku basa uyo akanyora "Oblomov". Photo nomunyori nemabasa

Wokutanga prose Goncharova akatanga kuonekwa mu "snowdrops". Zviri satirical yokufungidzira "achipinda Bolesta", umo iye vaishora kudanana sentimentalism. Zvino venyika mutambo ane Kumubata mutambo, uye chinonyanya kukosha basa nguva yakanga rondedzero vanoda "Ivan Savich Podzhabrin". Saka ndakatanga mabhuku basa ndiye akanyora "Oblomov".

Pasinei chokwadi kuti Ivan akatanga kunyora kwenguva refu, basa rake zvakakomba rokutanga anova "Zvavo Story". Anoudza pamusoro kurwisana pakati kuora Russian kwamachinda uye zvitsva mushambadzi kirasi. The nesimba zvikuru achitsoropodza nguva , Vissarion Belinsky akarondedzera itsva sezvo kurwiswa ane sharuka romanticism.

The inonyanya kufarirwa chigadzirwa, kana yokufungidzira wechipiri Ivan

Uye mugore chii zvakanyorwa "Oblomov"? Ivan Alekseevich Goncharov akatanga yokufungidzira yake yechipiri mukunopera 1840s, asi anga anononoka kuti zvakawanda. Mune chimwe namazana masere nemakumi mashanu akatora rechishanu chinzvimbo aongororwe akaita rwendo kuenda kuEngland, Africa uye Japan sezvo Admiral Secretary Putiatina.

Chete pfupi nyaya kana rondedzero vanoda "The Dream pamusoro Oblomov. The pechiitiko pamusoro konekwa yokufungidzira" yakabudiswa muna 1849, yakanga vakabva nevanopinda se "Dream Oblomov kuti" iri rakapedzwa basa Ivan.

Uye nganonyorwa "Oblomov" akatanga kuoneka "Notes of Yababa" magazini muna 1859. It rakazvipira matambudziko repakati protagonist. A pachena chinoratidza them Ilicha ari simbe maitiro kuupenyu. Munyori wacho hunhu hwake tsitsi, kunyange akanga ari muenzaniso kwamachinda.

The huru nyaya mubasa Ivan

Kuti vari anonyanya kufarira munhu muverengi nyore? Izvi, kupfuura zvose, chii chigadzirwa, kwete chete iye akanyora izvozvo. "Oblomov" - iri yokufungidzira, iyo inorondedzera njodzi muridzi them Ilicha, uye maererano nyaya iyi munyori basa rake rinotaura zvakawanda zvinokosha dzakatarisana Russian Nzanga iri negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore. Kusabatsira iyi varidzi zhinji nechavakuru vari munzanga, zvakaoma ukama pakati nhengo dzakasiyana munzanga, akadai Oblomov uye nomuranda wake Zakhar.

Mutambi mukuru - munhu muduku uye akanaka jendurumani, asi zvinoita sokuti haasi kuita zvisarudzo zvinokosha, kana kutanga zvimwe chinokosha chiito. Muzviuru mabasa ose, iye Kashoma anosiya mumba make kana mubhedha. Uyezve, panguva yokutanga makumi mashanu mapeji pamusoro Ile Ilichu chaizvo smartly Rinotarisira kwete kumusiya.

Zvichireva anozivikanwa chigadzirwa

Ivan Alekseevich Goncharov (uyo akanyora "Oblomov" yokufungidzira) Zvichida kumbobvira kuti basa rake vaizova yakakurumbira zvakadaro, zvingadai kumanikidza chinokosha zvakakanganwika Russian tsika. Uyezve, basa Goncharova wedzera mashoko matsva mumutauro weRussia. Zita huru mutambi Kazhinji kushandiswa kutsanangura munhu akaratidza kuti zviri munhu simbe uye vasingakendengi unhu akafanana hunhu yokufungidzira.

The chigadzirwa akakonzera rakapa kuziva kwete chete vaverengi asiwo kubva vatsoropodzi. Paiva nevaya akanyora: Oblomov - zviri wokupedzisira munhu Napamusara "Varume okushamisira" pashure Onegin, Pechorin, uye Rudin ari kuora feudal Russia. Nikolay Dobrolyubov akaona kuti yokufungidzira rakashandurwa kuti kumberi uye pasi kwazvo kuongorora rinokosha chaizvo nyaya yacho yaitonga. zvousimbe A chinokosha inotungamirira nokuzvidzora kuparadzwa wacho.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu yakakurumbira munyori uye mutsoropodzi

Ava matambudziko yose inogona kugadziriswa mubasa rake, uyo akanyora "Oblomov". Zvisinei, Ivan akanga asiri kuti iwane munyori. Akabudisa matatu chete yokufungidzira ake. Makore gumi pashure racho yokufungidzira "Oblomov" anoenda mumwe mupanda inonzi "Broken", iro anewo rakabudirira rine vaverengi.

Goncharov anoronga uye yokufungidzira wechina, asi hope haana nemiviri. Asi, anova mutsoropodzi uye anoita vakawanda chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo uye mabhuku wongororo. Pakazopera hwake Ivan akanyora memoir kunoshamisa, umo iye akapomera vorongerwa wake mabhuku plagiarism basa rake. Akafa muna St. Petersburg September 24, 1891 kubva nemabayo.

Saka vakapfuura upenyu munyori zvinoshamisa uye mutsoropodzi Ivana Alekseevicha Goncharova - uyo akanyora yokufungidzira "Oblomov". Fungidzira zviri ikozvino rizivikanwe ose wechikoro. A chigadzirwa kwakakurumbira kwete chete, asiwo kufarira pakati zvevoruzhinji.