The chairema ano chipimo - zvinorevei?

Kubva pakuzvarwa uye kwoupenyu takapoteredzwa midziyo yemagetsi. Idzi dzinosanganisira: imba midziyo yemagetsi, vachidzipisa dzimba dzedu uye mumigwagwa, zvinoreva kuti Mobile yokukurukurirana, motokari kunyange nhasi vari kutamira magetsi. mano zvose izvi upise magetsi, vamwe kutora kubva mains, vamwe zvinobva mabhatiri uye accumulators, uye dzimwe nzira simba zvinyorwa ( "mahwindimiri", zuva ukomba, etc.). Uye vakawanda vanoziva chii chairema nokuyerwa nesimba kuitika, uye kuti chinhu Magetsi? Munyaya ino tichashandisa mibvunzo iyi.

Ngatitange pamwe dzinokosha idzi. Electrocution inonzi achitaura akarayira inofamba mu nemunhu ane mhosva inoramba. Chimbofunga mamiriro ezvinhu kuvapo magetsi:

• kuvapo vakasununguka maerekitironi vari simbi kondakita;
• kuvapo wemagetsi munda (munda uyu wakadenha nokuda magetsi source).

We funga zvino chinhu akadai kuitika chipimo chimwe. ukoshi ichi scalar runotaurwa netsamba I. Kutsunga Latin ano mutariri reshiyo rinoitwa anokwana zviyero Q, achipfuura chikamu muchinjikwa ari simbi kondakita kuti kureba kwenguva t, panguva iyo magetsi anenge vakayambuka kondakita. Nokudaro, nzira iri sezvinotevera: I = Q / t. Current chipimo chikwata inoratidza mhosva zvichapfuura nemuchinjikwa Chikamu waya chete chairema nguva.

Zviri zvakanaka nyore. We funga zvino chii vari vanhuwo ano kuyerwa dzakabatana. Zviri zvakakwana kuti atarire dzakawanda gadziriro vezvikwata (SI). It anotevera kubva ichi kuti magetsi chairema chiyero - Ampere. chikwata ichi ainzi mushure yefizikisi French uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu André-Marie Ampere (1775-1836). Akatanga mashoko akadai electrodynamics, electrostatics, solenoids, EMF, galvanometer, yemagetsi ano, voltage , uye vamwe. Scientific AM Ampere nokuda vachifanotaura panowanikwa nesayenzi akadai "cybernetics", zvava piyona zvokuimba kusakarongeka pamwe Magetsi conductors uye akasuma mutemo Pakusarudza mirayiridzo yacho ano.

Zvino edza kunzwisisa pfungwa iyi mumaonero chepuraimari wefizikisi. Nokuti ichi zvakafanira kusimbisa ehupfumi kuyerera kubva Magetsi kuburikidza mbiri dzakafanana conductors. Kana mhosva nezvimedu vari kutamira pamusoro waya maviri rimwe divi, conductors yakadaro vachaparadzwa kukwezvwa, uye kana zvacho kuchaita kwakasiyana-siyana, asi conductors vanowanzotevedzera dzinga mumwe. The chairema kuitika mumwe ampere anoonekwa kuva simba naro mbiri dzakafanana waya pamusoro mita rimwe pakureba, akaparadzaniswa nevanhu chinhambwe chimwe meter, achava kushamwaridzana uto 0,0000002N.

Kuti muchidimbu, tichiti zivo yakadaro pfungwa sezvo simba ano, zvichabatsira huwandu simba kuparadza dzemagetsi midziyo yemagetsi. With ichi nyore kuverenga mutoro wiring mumba mako uye, naizvozvo, kudzivirira misha yavo kubva mumoto kana kukuvara magetsi, izvo rinowanzoberekera kana isiri kugovera mhuri midziyo yemagetsi.