Vissarion Belinsky: Biography uye pikicha

Remakore nemipfumbamwe anonzi Golden Age wokuRussia mabhuku uye nguva paumbwe uri kutsoropodzwa, muvambi uye mumiriri dzepamusorosoro chiri Belinskiy Vissarion Grigorevich. Global kukosha munhu akayera somunhu kusimukira pfungwa dzake. Panyaya iyi, maererano vaairarama, Vissarion Belinsky - mutsoropodzi uye muzivi-woKumadokero - outgrew iyoyo pamwero Bourgeois pfungwa. Asi munyama chose, kuonga chaiye pamabasa ake vagamuchira kudoka.

ukoshi

The matambudziko wenhau uyu uye munyori mabhuku Russian Runonzwika kusvikira nhasi. Vissarion Belinsky, wokutanga kumisa zvakarurama pfungwa prose uye nhetembo zvavo. Ndiye akataura achitungamirirwa umo mabhuku aifanira kuenda kuva pasocial simba uye kuva mudzidzisi kuchizvarwa chevechiduku.

Mabhuku renyeredzi pakati forties remakore rapfuura ruzhinji waida kuti pfungwa dzebato namabasa ake kwaari. Belinsky, uyo nguva dzose akagamuchira zvichiitika tarenda, anenge asingakanganisi wafungidzira nzira kukura kwayo ramangwana, nemwoyo uye vaneshungu hunhu zvisingadzivisiki kutungamirira vashandi zvose vaduku mabhuku. Yokungotaura nzvimbo, iyo akava, kwakakurumbira pfuma. Vazhinji vavo varambe kuhupenyu nhasi. New mabhuku chizvarwa uye nhasi kwakavakirwa ake shingirira kutsvaka chokwadi, uyewo maonero kukosha mabhuku muupenyu akasiiwa kwavari Vissarion Belinsky.

Biography

Muzukuru muprista uye mwanakomana chiremba, remangwana mutsoropodzi uye munyori wenyaya akaberekwa mumusha Belyni muna Penza mudunhu ramakumi matatu May (11 June) 1811. Kuva vakadzidza kuverenga uye kunyora kubva mudzidzisi womunharaunda, Vissarion Belinsky akatumwa kudzidza kuchikoro yoruwa, iyo yakavhurwa Chembare. Muna 1825 iye hwakatamisirwa amachinda kuchikoro chesekondari, kwaakagara kwemakore matatu nehafu, uye handina kudzidza kosi-gore mana. Maererano Belinsky, kudzidza ikoko akanga asina kugutsikana. Chinangwa chake chaiva Moscow University. Kuuraya ichi chirongwa remangwana Russian anofunga vasingagoni nyore. baba vake, nokuda shoma mari, akanga asingakwanisi kuchengeta mwanakomana wake muMoscow. Zvisinei, jaya aida kurarama muurombo, kana chete kuva mudzidzi. Muna August 1829 iye wechi nemashoko fakaroti ndokugamuchirwa panguva hurumende mari mugore iroro.

University upenyu

In ake mudzidzi Makore (1829-1832) aumba denderedzwa kumativi Belinsky "wegumi ciphers." Zvinonzi kuramba akakurukura zvinetso zvakawanda uzivi, vakadzidza mabasa Bachman, Schelling, uye wepanguva nyaya. Pamusangano Vissarion Belinsky Ndakaverenga akanyora mutambo wekutanga vanoda "Dmitri kuKalinin," iyo inobva ruzivo mupenyu nemunyori munyika chokwadi. Future mutsoropodzi guru uye publicist mubasa rake nomwoyo wose vakarwisa "ngozi akanzi" muridzi kirasi dzokurasa njodzi vanhuwo zvavo.

Kusenza of Moscow University of mumutambo se "unzenza" rakarambidzwa. Belinsky uye vakatya soldiery panotaurwa kuSiberia, asi pasina. In ake mudzidzi makore awana shamwari dzechokwadi kwete chete tsitsi naye, asi zvakakwana kugoverana pezvaaishuva. Vaiva Stankevich, sydäntä, Ketscher, Ogarev, E. Korsch nevamwe.

zvimwemo

Muna September 1832 reBazi Redzidzo dzakasaina ane hurongwa kudzingwa yunivhesiti Belinsky. The mashoko aiva mureza - "nokuda kurwara, uye nokuda kuitwa nemano ake." Zvino anoshanda uye mapikicha Vissariona Belinskogo kuziva mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe, mudzidzi ari rorusununguko Philology, uye ipapo haasati azivikanwa munhu munyori ndasiyiwa pasina zviwanikwa uye pokugara.

Akatanga kupa zvidzidzo uye kuti kutamiswa, zvimwe kupona pamusoro shoma royalties. Panguva iyoyo, akanga chakada kuzivana Professor Nadezhdin. The yokupedzisira, muna 1831 akavaka magazini itsva rinonzi "Teloskop" Belinsky aida kushandura bhuku rake duku Wikipedia. Uye muna September 1834 Vissarion akapa magazini yake yokutanga nyaya dzinonetsa. Ndizvo naye, chokwadi, akatanga ake zvakakomba mabhuku basa.

denderedzwa Stankevich

Muna 1833 Belinsky akatanga kupinda mabhuku manheru Aksakov Selivanskogo. Pano ari ichifamba pedyo N. Stankevich, uye dzimwe nguva gare gare akabatanidza denderedzwa yake. Financial constraints uye kushaya kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu kuti mabhuku mabasa Belinsky akamanikidza kakawanda kuchinja kero yenyu, aigara Rakhmanovsky mukoto muna Nadezhdin furati imba Sukhovo-Kobylin, zvino zvakaitika Moscow University. Muna 1835 akatanga kushanda somunyori yakakurumbira munyori A. Poltoratsky. Kuvhara muna 1836 magazini "Telescope", apo Vissarion Belinsky akatungamirira kutsoropodzwa dhipatimendi, akamuisa vatarisana urombo. Maererano vomunguva akati pamberi kutanga 1838 inozivikanwa wenhau uye munyori, rakapona chete nemhaka kubatsirwa neshamwari.

Basa "Anocherechedza of Yababa"

Kubva March kuna October 1838 pagungano kukokwa Aksakov, Belinsky anodzidzisa panguva Konstantinovsky Paanotarisa Institute, ipapo anova ndibatsireiwo mupepeti pa "Moscow Observer" magazini. Panguva ino akatanga kakawanda mhuri Shchepkin, ane mwanasikana akanga rudo ipapo. In mudenderedzwa Moscow Belinsky navo vaisanganisira T. Granovsky, P. Mochalov, N. uye K. Field, A. Veltman, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Mushure nokuvhara nyaya "Moscow mucherechedzi" muna June 1839, yokutanga munyori zvakare kusiya pasina nzira, asi nokukurumidza anogamuchira akokwa A. Krajewski kutora pamusoro sezvo musoro weDhipatimendi yakaoma inonzi "Notes yacho Yababa". Muna October wegore iroro, Vissarion Belinsky akatamira St. Petersburg, uye ndiyo chete kushanyira pfupi kuMoscow.

political maonero

In hwake, Belinskiy Vissarion Grigorevich, uzivi izvo kwagara chido, vanotanga kudzidza aesthetics pamusoro romanticism, izvozvo delves kupinda pfungwa Schelling, Hegel uye Fichte. Nechekare kumavambo 1840, iye rinooneka kubatanidzwa Rationalist mupi werutemo pfungwa mberi, anogumisa kuti "njodzi wacho uye munhu ari kupfuura kutapwa kwenyika." Kushanduka maonero Belinsky achabatsirwa kukura kutsoropodzwa idealism kwouzivi. Zvainotenda kupa nzira zvakajeka Musiki mashoko. Mutsamba yake Gogol, chaakanga anonzwira tsitsi zvikuru Vissarion Belinsky anoisa kereke vakatsoropodza zvikuru.

A anozivikanwa mutsoropodzi uye munyori wenyaya, akafa muna 1848 kuti tibhii. Kuroorwa, iye vasiya gore matatu okuberekwa mwanasikana wake uye chihombe mabhuku nhaka.