Japanese mabhuku. History of budiriro

mabhuku Japanese chakavapo kwemakore anopfuura makore chiuru. Panguva ino, iye anoramba achinja: paiva zvitaera itsva, dzinokura, mifananidzo kuitika. Vamwe harimboonekwi chigadzirwa akazova pakarepo Classic, uye kuvimbisa bhuku yakarasikirwa kukosha kwayo mashomanana emakore. Unoda kudzidza pamusoro mabhuku Japanese zvizere? munoitika zvinofadza nezvisingafadzi? Verenga nyaya ino!

mabhuku yekare

Pakutanga, Japanese ngano uye nenziyo dzakapararira, dzakanga zvitange nomuromo. Zvisinei, pedyo VII remakore, zvose zvakachinja. Emperor Tendzi akasimbisa muzvikoro umo kudzidza Chinese. Nokukurumidza, nokukwereta uye optimizing Chinese vatambi paaizooneka zvakanyorwa Japanese. Saka, maererano pakutanga VII centennial nokushingaira tenderera zvakanyorwa. Somugumisiro, takatanga kuonekwa Japanese mabhuku sezvivako.

Basa Japanese rokutanga kwakasvika nguva yedu, ndiyo rondedzero yakanzi "Kojiki". Zvakanyorwa Yasumaro Zviri muna 712. Bhuku yaiva siyana ngano kukurukurwa nziyo, ngano, rengano, ngano, uye zvichingodaro. D. Mukuwedzera, chigadzirwa akaponawo munhoroondo ukoshi. Zvechokwadi, muna "Kojiki" munyori akasiya zvimwe zvenhoroondo ngano uye yaMakoronike chinyorwa.

Mumwe muenzaniso uri mabhuku ekare Japanese "Man'yoshu". Bhuku aiva muunganidzwa akakura nhetembo, raisanganisira zvinopfuura 4,000 chevarwere uye munyori tangi-nhetembo.

Classic mabhuku

Inotevera pavaipfuura Japanese mabhuku ave chaiwo. It kubvira VIII kusvikira XII CC. Ndeupi kwese kuti iyi? mabhuku Japanese zvakanyatsobatana zvakasimba chete Chinese. Vazhinji vanogara Japan akanga kuverenga nokunyora. Chikonzero ichi kuti mabhuku Japanese zvaizoparadzirwa pakati vakakwirira uye dare repamusoro madenderedzwa. Zvichida huru chinhu panguva iyi kuti vakawanda mabasa zvakanyorwa vakadzi. Hazvina kuti chikonzero ichi kuti mumabhuku Japanese dzenhoroondo iri hunodzorwa mhuri uye zvimwe vavariro decorous.

Muenzaniso wakadzama mabhuku yaitonga ichi ndicho "Story rakaisvonaka Otikubo". Bhuku inotiudza Cinderella Japanese upenyu, izvo akagonya ari dukuduku komorke kukudza tsika wamadzibaba avo, mirairo yetsika. Nokuda yakakwirira tsika dzayo akakwanisa ikabuda kuti upfumi mamvemve, Chokwadi kuda kwake anokudzwa uye akapfuma jendurumani.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro Genre dzidziso, mabhuku kwakaita kure ngano. Munzvimbo ngano uye rengano kuuya yepamusoro Genres .. enganonyorwa, novellas, pfupi nyaya, nezvimwewo, wokutanga yokufungidzira Japanese vanoda "The zvakaedza ari Bamboo Cutter" kunyange akabuda muzana remakore rechigumi. Rinotaura akwegura aitema huni, akasangana kasikana aiva mugari mwedzi.

Ages mabhuku

Iyi yakatora kubva chaiko uye XII kuti XVII remakore. Power munyika hwachinja. Panzvimbo Mikado, vakanga zvikuru vakadzidza vepamusoro munyika, ndiro kirasi rechiuto, rinonzi Shogun.

Mabhuku basa nyika yakatanga chokururamisa nacho. Genres dzakadai yokufungidzira uye nhetembo Japanese aonekwa yokukanganwa. kukurumbira Great ainakidzwa netsamba ane muchiuto uye nhoroondo zvinyorwa. Kazhinji, mabhuku Japanese kwazova utsinye uye ropa. Chinhu zviripo kuona kuti vakadzi vanyori havana vatora mugove romuMiddle mabhuku muitiro kuJapan.

"Genpey Dzosuyki" ari mumiririri akakurumbira mabhuku Japanese Ages. Mifananidzo hurukuro pamusoro nemateru makata zviviri revatongi kwakabva - Genji naHeike. Book kwomudzimu nowenyika Shakespeare kuti rondedzero. Nokuti mabasa dzinoratidzwa chisimba umhare hondo, interweaving nhoroondo chokwadi ingano, muvambi dzakachengeteka uye kufunga.

Modern Japanese Literature

Pashure pokuwa shoguns kuti simba kamwe zvakare vakadzokera mambo. Izvi zvakaita kuti chidzoke imwe nguva itsva mumabhuku Japanese, iyo kusvikira pezana XX remakore. Country of Sunrise Sun kwazova rakazaruka kune nyika. Zvino akatendeukira kuva chikuru nokuda kukura mabhuku. A maitiro kuchiitwa ichi nguva - zvinoshingaira simba pfungwa European uye kufamba.

Chokutanga, yekudyidzana zvakawedzera uwandu shanduro European (kusanganisira Russian) mabhuku. Vanhu vanoda kuziva pamusoro nomutorwa tsika. Gare gare, Japan yakatanga kuonekwa mabasa ekutanga zvakanyorwa European vachizvikwidziridza. Somuenzaniso, mabhuku akadai "mbiru romoto", "Rudo Confession nemasisita mbiri," "nhurikidzwa shanu pagodi," kure kure Japanese Classics. Mumabasa aya achishingaira kukudziridzwa European dzidziso uye mararamiro.

ari yepashure pehondo

The kukundwa muHondo Yenyika II sei zvikuru yose Japanese tsika uye upenyu vanhu vose. Change hakusi akaponesa uye mabhuku. Vanyori vokuJapan inoparadzirwa imwe dzidziso itsva kuti rinobatanidza zvose tsika akwegura uye kusununguka ano ( "Chiuru Cranes" Yasunari Kawabata "The yakanaka chando" Dzyunitiro Tanidzaki).

Japanese mabhuku. haiku

Special nzeve kuwana Japanese mabasa lyrical hunhu. Japanese nhetembo kana haiku (haiku), zvave yakakurumbira kwerinenge mabhuku yose nguva. The peculiarity mishonga yakadaro iri chivako. Maererano canons ari Genre, haiku ine mabhii 17 anoumba mbiru hieroglyphs. Musoro mabasa awa - tsananguro runako zvakasikwa kana Kufungisisa kwouzivi. The yakakurumbira haiku - nayo Takahama Kyoshi, Kobayashi Issa, Masaoka shi. Zvakanaka, baba haiku vanogona kunzi Matsuo basho.