Chakagadzirwa Earth Satellite

Chakagadzirwa Earth satellites - inobhururuka chitundumusere-musere inoratidzwa pamusoro muchadenga Nyika uye dzitendererane pawo geocentric muchadenga. Vari zvaireva kuti Zvakarurama uye zvesayenzi matambudziko. Kushanda rakagadzirwa nevanhu Earth Satellite wokutanga akatora nzvimbo October 4, 1957 muna USSR. Rakanga hazvizivi zvomuchadenga muviri rokutanga kuti akasika vanhu. The chiitiko chakaitwa migumisiro kubudirira mune minda yakawanda chitundumuseremusere, makombiyuta, zvemagetsi, hurongwa yokudenga, otomatiki kuzvidzora uye dzimwe minda nesayenzi inobvira kuonga. Origin akapa kuyera arambe achirema rokumusoro ezvinhu, kuongorora rakarurama yokungotaura Masvomhu uye dzinokosha michina negadziriso kuti paakakumbira goho riri Satellite muchadenga, kuongorora zvinhu nhepfenyuro yedzimudzangara ari ionosphere.

America vatanga yayo yokutanga chakagadzirwa Satellite "Explorer 1" February 1, 1958, uye zvadaro, zvishoma kwapera, airamba kunotangira uye dzimwe nyika: France, Australia, Japan, China, United Kingdom. In munda pakutsvakurudza nzvimbo kwakapararira pamwe pakati munyika.

Chitundumusere-musere anogona kunzi shamwari chete pashure basa vanopfuura mumwe chimurenga akapoteredza Earth. Zvikasadaro, haana vakanyorwa somunhu shamwari, uye vachaitwa kwaireva chitundumuseremusere vachiongorora kuti akayera ballistic trajectory.

The kwomwedzi anonzi vanoshingaira kana angafanirwa maredhiyo, nokupenya marambi, chiedza anonongedzera kudyisa, kuyera midziyo. Pusa chakagadzirwa satellites anowanzoshandisirwa zvaanorumbidza kubva nyika pevhu kana kuita mamwe mabasa yesayenzi. Izvi zvinosanganisira satellites sepombi aine dhayamita kusvikira shomanana makumi ezviuru mamita.

Chakagadzirwa Earth satellites akakamurwa mafomu uye tsvakurudzo, zvichienderana mabasa anoitwa navo. Research aida yokutsvakurudza kwemiviri yokudenga, Nyika, muchadenga. Ndivo geodetic uye geophysical satellites orbiting muchadenga Observatory, etc. Zvakarurama satellites - iri kukurukurirana satellites, kufamba satellites, mamiriro okunze satellites kudzidza zvinhu Dzenyika, hwokugadzira uye nevamwe.

Chakagadzirwa Earth satellites, rakagadzirirwa yokutizira kwevanhu, vanonzi "aigarira chitundumusere-musere-satellites". Satellites pamusoro polar kana polar muchadenga dzinonzi polar, uye ine muchadenga - Equatorial. Mira satellites - achimhanya ane Equatorial dzeraundi muchadenga satellites vane mirayiridzo rinobatana vachishandisa kutenderera Earth, vachiri akusungirire pamusoro imwe pfungwa panyika. Kuparadzaniswa Satellite ari mhedziso kune muchadenga ari mashoko, akadai fairing, muri yechipiri orbital zvinhu. Kazhinji kunzi shamwari, kunyange zvazvo vari kutamira pedyo Earth muchadenga uye tiri kunyanya zvinhu kuti pakuongorora kuti zvinangwa yesayenzi.

Kubva 1957 kusvika 1962. muzita nzvimbo zvinhu zvinoratidza gore kutanga-uye tsamba Greek arufabheti chaienzanirana Serial nhamba vanomhanya kupiwa gore, uyewo Arabic nhamba - nhamba chinhu, zvichienderana kukosha kana Kupenya kwaro zvesayenzi. Asi vakawanda raparurwa satellites rakakura nokukurumidza, nemhaka chete January 1, 1963 ivo vasarudzwa kutanga gore, kutanga nhamba mugore iroro uye tsamba arufabheti Latin.

Satellites anogona kuva akasiyana kukura, magadzirirwo mapatani, uremu, akafanana, avionics, zvichienderana zvaunoda. Power zvitengeswa midziyo kusvika zvose satellites zvinoberekwa rezuva ukomba yakaiswa pamusoro kunze Hull.

Muchadenga satellites anonyorwa tichibatsirwa rwoga kudzora multi-Danho zvitundumuseremusere. Chakagadzirwa satellites pasi pusa kufamba (muedzo mapuraneti nemishonga mhepo kwePasi , etc.) uye tichishingaira (kana yakaiswa pamusoro Satellite chitundumuseremusere injini) mauto.