Majini kushanduka sei

Kunotouraya kuitika mumuviri, zvichiita kuti paumbwe dzimwe abnormalities. Zvichienderana umo masero uye chii pachikuva zvaitika, majini kushanduka anogona kuitika, i.e., Kuchinja kuri zvitange, zvichiteverwa masero nhaka. Changes inozviisa zvimwe zvaidiwa muviri, zvichienderana genotype. Vanogona kupfuurira kwezvizvarwa akawanda, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko pane kuunganidza zvarakasiya dzakadaro.

Genetic kushanduka chinogona kutaurwa zvakananga transformations kuti vari kwakakura zvokuti pakarepo kuzviziva. Albinism muviri muenzaniso kunotouraya uye masero kuchinja pano rinogona kunzi kusava Feathering kana nenyanga mune dzinovaraidza uye zvimwe zvakafanana zvinhu. Zvinomera Fani chakafanana zvangoitikawo - the makakava neurefu hwakasiyana pamusoro petals kana chirimwa urefu, dzimwe abnormalities pachena. Zvose izvi ndizvo migumisiro kunotouraya uye yaisanganisira mu pfungwa nhaka kuchinja nhengo.

zvigadziriswe pakati inotungamirwa

Chero boka revanhu kuti pamwe mukati imwe nguva, akaumba kwakanga kwatangwa mutation. Mubatanidzwa pavaidira pahwaro yaivapo enhaka zvinoyemurika. Mukuru nokutsauka, zvikuru mukana wokuti ari kubuda Kuchinja itsva mamwe tsaukai chakaipa nazvo.

Kunotouraya kuitika munguva paumbwe masero. In danho gamete Fusion Gene recombination kunoitika, inova kukonzera variability. The chikonzero chingava chromosome kana kurongwa mubatanidzwa panguva meiosis uye muchangosangana. Nemhaka kuratidzwa panguva mangwanani Danho ichi chakaumbwa magene kushanduka.

Zvisinei, kuti mutation haaiti nomuzvarirwo kana netsaona kuitika, zvinokonzerwa pokudzora zvimwe zvinhu. Mutagen angava nemwaranzi dzokupisa, zvoutachiona kana nemavhairasi mugumisiro makemikari.

Kana sero umo mutation yakaitika, anoramba ane mano bereka, zvingangoita kuti majini kushanduka aumbwa. Kuchinja zvinogona Gene, genomic kana chromosomal zvichienderana apo vanoonekwa.

Kunotouraya mhindumupindu

Genetic kushanduka-shanduka mune anyatsoona zvainoita muviri. Its anokosha zvakakwana guru, uye kokutanga ino Chiitiko chacho zvigadziriswe vakatanga kuva kuti akadzidza muzana remakore rechi18.

Charles Darwin akati kuti muviri wose pasi nomumwe kushanduka. chikuru zvachiri akadana mutsaona, hama husiri nyore kuwana uye vasiri achitaura zvakasikwa. Izvi zvinooneka zvinoomesa kuedza kufungidzira muitiro kana chero zvaizoitika.

Zvisinei, mutation kwakaitawo kuti paumbwe kuchengeterwa yokugara kushanduka, paumbwe genotypes siyana. Zvisinei, mune hunhu ane basa kwakadaro kunyanya anoita combinative variability - panguva pabonde kubereka kunoitika recombination okutodza. Izvi anochinja kugarisana majini vavo aiita ari genotype, asi kwemajini pachavo handishanduki, saka hapana abnormality.

azvaiitwa kunzwisisa zviri nani sei magene kushanduka uye Modification. Kubva nemaonero yemhindumupindu zvakakosha mumwe kusiyana. Kana totaura kuratidzwa nhaka kuchinja, izvozvo inorangarira kwete chete kuvapo kanganisika majini, asi mubatanidzwa wavo nedzimwe majini enzvimbo yacho genotype, mukuwedzera, kungava nzira imwe kana mumwe, zvinokanganisa nezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu uye zvakananga kukura nhengo.

Kudivi rimwe, zvakakosha zvakarurama hutachiwana yokugara zvinobva inorarama, asi Ukuwo, kuchengetedza mashoko huri majini kunogona zvikuru zvinokuvadza nhengo.