The muvambi cathartic nzira psychotherapy Breyer Yozef: Biography, mabasa uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Breyer Yozef - wokuAustralia chiremba uye physiologist, izvo Sigmund Freud nevamwe ndakadana muvambi psychoanalysis. Aikwanisa kupodza varwere kubva chemaneka zviratidzo mushure hypnotized kumubatsira kuyeuka zvisingafadzi zvinhu kare. Akataura pamusoro nzira yake uye mibairo Sigmund Freud, uye akamupa varwere vavo.

Yozef Breyer: Biography

Musi 01.15.1842 muVienna akafirapo 20/06/1925. Baba Yozefa Leopold (1791-1872) akanga ari purofesa chitendero basa nokuda Viennese Jewish vomunharaunda. Breuer se ndeve "chizvarwa kuEast European vaJudha, avo pakutanga vakabuda njere cram mumhepo kwenyika dzokuMadokero."

mai vake vakafa paakanga makore mana, uye makore oupenyu Breyer Yozef vokutanga aipedza naambuya vake. akadzidzisa Baba naye masere, uye ipapo akapinda Yedzidzo jimunasiyamu kuVienna, kudzidza muna 1858. Gore rakatevera, pashure kupfuura nzira imwe dzidzo University, Yozef Breyer akaenda kuchikoro dzokurapa paUniversity Vienna uye kudzidza nokudzidziswa zvokurapa muna 1867. Zvegore, pakarepo mushure bvunzo, akava mutevedzeri chiremba Johann Oppolzer. Paakafa muna 1871, Breuer akatanga tsika yake oga.

Best Vienna chiremba

Muna 1875, Breuer akava wapurofesa mushonga. Iye akasiya pambiru yake July 7, 1885, sezvo akanga amboramba mukana murwere zvinangwa zvekudzidza. Iyewo vakaramba kubvumira chiremba Billroth sarudza nokuda musoro neshamwari muzvinafundo. ukama Its pamutemo ne vanachiremba fakaroti vakanga vasingawirirani.

Panguva iyoyowo, Breuer kwave kuchizivikanwa somumwe yakanakisisa vanachiremba uye masayendisiti muVienna. Basa rake kufarira mukuru, uye kunyange kamwe aizviti munhu "mukuru vaiita", aiva nhasi chii chinonzi chiremba. Vamwe Pfungwa mukurumbira Breuer anogona kupa kuti kwaiva mapurofesa vazhinji Medical weVadzidzisi Vedare, uyewo Sigmund Freud uye Prime Minister of Hungary pavarwere ake. Muna 1894 iye akasarudzwa kuti Vienna Academy of Sciences, pamusoro pfungwa yawo dzepamusorosoro nhengo, yefizikisi Ernsta Maha uye physiologists Evalda Geringa uye Sigmund Exner.

upenyu Personal

May 20, 1868 Breyer Yozef akaroora Matilda Altmann, uyo akamuberekera vana vashanu: Robert, Bertha Hammershlyag Margaret Schiff, Hans uye Dora. mwanasikana Breuer zvaJehovha Dora vakazviuraya, kwete kuda kubatwa kumusoro nevaNazi. Vakaurayawo muzukurukadzi ake Hannah Breuer Schiff. Navamwe vana vake vanogara England, Canada neUnited States.

basa nesayenzi

Breyer Yozef akadzidza mushonga muVienna uye akagamuchira dhigirii rake muna 1864. Akadzidza physiology kuti thermoregulation uye afemeruke (Hering-Breuer dzepanguva). Muna 1871 akatanga tsika yake muVienna. Panguva iyoyo tsvakurudzo pamusoro mashandiro yomukati nzeve (Mach-Breuer dzidziso aibuda endolymphatic mvura). Kuva chiremba muna 1874, akadzokera zvidzidzo ake muna 1884.

Breuer aiva shamwari chiremba wemhuri uye dzimwe nhengo Teachers College of Vienna uye munzanga guru racho. Akaramba imwe tsamba vemifananidzo, vanyori, vazivi, vanachiremba uye nevamwe mumunda mako, uye muna 1894 iye akasarudzwa ari runoenzanirana nhengo Academy of Sciences.

mutongi Good uzivi, Breyer Yozef aifarira dzidziso wokuziva uye yokungotaura nheyo yaDarwin, iyo kunosimbiswa ake kuitawo musangano muna 1902 uye kupanana tsamba Franz von Brentano. Akanga chinoshingaira ubatanidzwe mukukurukura pamusoro zvinokosha zvematongerwo enyika uye dzematongerwe, uyewo akurukura ounyanzvi, mabhuku uye mumhanzi.

Zvaaiva chinoziva uye kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu muJudha, akatora mumwe pantheism imwe mhando, vakatora pamusoro Goethe uye Gustav Teodora Fehnera. kufarira Bamba ake akanga achiti Spinoza Suum esse conservare ( «Save kuvapo"). Akanga vabatwa ne mufananidzo kusava nechokwadi uye, vachitevera William Makepeace Thackeray, "dhimoni" asi "kuti vakamumanikidza nechokwadi vachangobva nezivo upi. Nokuda ruzivo nhoroondo pfungwa, nhoroondo mumagariro uye enyika zvinhu munguva yake, uyewo zvikonzero chokuita noupenyu hwake, aidavira kuti aitenge kutora mibvunzo zviito.

Hwaro kudzidza kwaiva Breuer ari physiology kuwana ukama pakati marongerwo uye mashandiro, uye aratidza kuti teleological chimiro chikumbiro. Iye aifarira pamutemo kwacho muchimiro kuzvidzora zvigadziriswe. Kusiyana anoverengeka physiologists mune dzinonzi kufamba biofizikalistov, akafuridzirwa naErnst Bridge, Hermann of Helmholtz uye Du Bois-Reymond, Breuer vaitenda chiNazi vitalism.

kutanga psychoanalysis

Mumakore 1880-1882 akanga kurapa muduku murwere Bertha Pappenheim (Anna O.), uyo akatambura huta chikosoro uye vazhinji nevamwe hysterical zviratidzo (chinja kwemanzwiro, kuchinja in pfungwa, ziso nenyonganiso, nourema uye nezvipusha, aphasia). Munguva refu Kukurukurirana chiremba uye vatambi vake makaona kuti vamwe zvinoratidza chirwere akanyangarika apo ndangariro rokuratidzwa wavo wokutanga, uye zvakakwanisika bereka ruripo zvakunoita yadzorerwa. Izvi zvakaitika panguva imwe nguva mune kwatangwa avtogipnoticheskih inoti. Kubva pane izvi zvakawanika, pakutanga netsaona, murwere uye chiremba kukudziridza hurongwa muitiro hwokuti mumwe zviratidzo zvishoma nezvishoma akayeuka zvisizvo kurongwa kusvikira inonyangarika pashure azere kubereka chepakutanga chinosiririsa. Dzimwe nguva panguva mushonga akashandisa chakagadzirwa hypnosis, kana murwere akanga asiri vachingotya nokuzvidzora hypnosis.

Panguva kurapa zvaida zvachose yakagara Anna O. kiriniki pedyo Vienna nekuda mikana yakawanda kuzviuraya murwere. Pasinei pachena uye zvaisafungidzirwa kubudirira nzira, vamwe zvinoratidza chirwere akaramba. Izvi zvaisanganisira pfupi kukanganwa mutauro wavo waamai uye simba trigeminal neuralgia, izvo zvaida kurapwa pamwe morphine muropa. Nekuti zvezviratidzo izvi, Breuer akataura kuti mamwe marapirwo kuna chiremba Lyudvigu Binsvangeru Bellevue pachipatara pacho muna Kreuzlingen muna July 1882. Akanga asunungurwa muna October, pamwe kunatsiridza, asi haana kupera zvachose.

Pamwe Freud

Muna 1882, Breyer Yozef akakurukura pamusoro apa pamwe bhururu wake Sigmund Freud, uyo aiva nemakore 14 ake mudiki. Mushure yokupedzisira akatanga kushanda wetsinga, iye akaedzwa nzira iyi varwere vavo. Zvichienderana dzidziso Charcot, Pierre Janet, Mobius, Ippolita Bernhayma nevamwe, dzakanyora pamwe ivo akakurukura yokungotaura hwaro kushanda vanoziva remangwana kana zvinofunga midziyo uye dzokurapwa dzokuvhiya, zvavakanga anonzi "nzira catharsis," kureva pfungwa Aristotle pamusoro dambudziko basa (catharsis sechipiriso dzevateereri madengetera ).

Muna 1893, ivo vakabudisa mushumo rokutanga "Pazuva zvendangariro mashandiro ose hysterical mananara". Makore maviri gare gare zvakanzi akateverwa "Studies musi chemaneka", "ibwe rekona psychoanalysis", akateya nheyo mumunda wepfungwa. Pepa rine chitsauko chose dzidziso (Breyer), mumwe kurapa akazvitsaurira (Freud), uye shanu nyaya nhoroondo (Anna O., Emmy of N., Katarina, Lucy R., Elisabeth of R.).

Mutarisire psychoanalysis

Freud akaramba kuumba dzidziso uye unyanzvi pandaishanda pamwe Breuer (anodzivirira netsinga, vakasununguka nevamwe). Josef haana kugutsikana kudiwa chete accentuation zvepabonde zvinhu uye nevamwe ake akaona yambiro chiratidzo yokuzviparadzanisa. Muna 1895, daro pakati pavo yakawedzera, izvo zvakazoita kuti magumo kubatirapamwe kwavo.

Tichiratidza kufarira kukura psychoanalytic pfungwa, mashoko cathartic nzira Breyer Yozef akadonha. Freud gare gare akataura pfungwa yokuti utsinye Anna O. akanga payakakurudzirwa kuvhiringidzwa nokuda simba eroottinen transference, chinoteverwa hysterical nepamuviri uye pakusununguka. Shanduro iyi zviitiko reconstructed ne Freud uye Ernest Jones zvakafanana, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, haagoni kukunda hwenhoroondo kuongororwa. More kuchangobva kuedza kuratidza kuti rondedzero nyaya Anna O. aiva chitsotsi, zvinhu hazvina kutsigirwa.

ichiita mabasa akawanda unhu

Yozef Breyer aiva neushamwari vazhinji chakajeka vakadzidza vomunguva yake. Iye vakaperekedza yakareba kunyorerana Brentano, aiva shamwari yepedyo Nyanduri Marie of Ebner-Eschenbach uye shamwari Mach, uyo akasangana panguva zvidzidzo womukati nzeve. Breuer mafungiro mibvunzo chaiko uye kwouzivi pachena, rakaparadzirwa kuremekedzwa. Breyer akataura mitauro yakawanda, somuenzaniso, mishonga Anna O. refu nguva yakaitiswa Chirungu. The Range nokudzika ake nemagariro zvido vakanga sezvinoita kujairika uye anokosha, uyewo yaro mune zvesayenzi uye zvayakawana.

Yozef Breyer: zvinonakidza zvinhu

• Pashure murwere wake Anne G. akaumba chaizvo kwazviri, vakatakura raidudzwa hunhu pabonde, Breyer Yozef basa psychotherapy, rinoda zvakananga kuonana varwere zvava Freud vake.
• Breuer akaziva kuti neurotic zviratidzo simuka nokuda subconscious urongwa, uye uende apo vanova anoziva.
• Zigmund Freyd kubudirira mune psychotherapy vabhadhare Breuer, uyo akatanga naye ake zvakawanwa, uye akamupa varwere vavo.
• Muna 1868, akarondedzera dzepanguva Hering-Breuer, uyo chinobatanidzwa kudzora inhalation uye inhaled panguva dzose kufema.
• Muna 1873 Breuer akazarura kutsinga dzinouya kushanda semicircular yaNire mhou labyrinth womukati nzeve uye ukama hwavo naye dzidziso iri muchadenga, uye nepfungwa nemwero.
• In zvaanoda, akataura chido chake kuti cremated, uye zvakaitwa.