Zviratidzi okuwana kunyatsoshanda kukura itsva yokutevedzera okukura

The kuongorora kunoratidza kuti kuzviisa pasi masayendisiti pamusoro kugutsikana uye initiator pane nzira itsva pezvakaitwa kunge wakashanduka-shanduka uye akawana Kuziva muna 6 Zvizvarwa utsanzi kwacho yokutevedzera.

Wokutanga (1g) uye chechipiri (2G) chizvarwa dzinoratidza Linear muenzaniso "muzvigadzirwa kuvhunduka".

Pakazosvika makore 80s okupedzisira remakore kugadzirwa waivako zviratidzi zvakachinjwa uye wechina-chizvarwa wokuenzanisira - Integrated umo kunyatsoongorora kubudirira okuwana kwaibva kukwanisa kuchinja kunzwisisa utsanzi sezvo yakafanana-kuti-Serial muitiro.

Its anokosha zviri simbi kugadzirwa kuita zviratidzo zvakadai ukuru maererano kugadzirwa tsvakurudzo, chinjikira pamwe, kusika muchinjikwa-yaishandiswa mapoka rinoumbwa vamiririri siyana maitikiro ari utsanzi kwacho.

Munguva 90s kamwe zvakare kuchinja negadziriro zviratidzi okuwana kunyatsoshanda uye akagadzira rudzi yechishanu - muenzaniso inokosha network (5G), iro rinomiririra chimwe kukura Integrated womuenzaniso, ayo mugumisiro anova utsanzi. The utsanzi kwacho iri pamuchinjikwa-yaishandiswa, asiwo multiinstitutsionalnym, zvakarukwa kwete chete.

In rechitanhatu chizvarwa womuenzaniso vakaumba mavambo XXI remakore (6G) - womuenzaniso akazaruka, pakuonekwa uko kwakabatana R & D kudyidzana.

The rondedzero utsanzi kwacho vakaisa zviratidzi okuwana kunyatsoshanda zvakadai, sezvo zivo vanonzi "zvakavanzika". Pano utsanzi muitiro - a multi-pamwero hurongwa, iyo pave kwezvivako nokuda kukura uye Implementation ose zvakagadzirwa kuva mhando.

Panguva iyoyowo, nokuda unopinza kuwedzera dzakabudirira, basa yepamusorosoro Mazinga, kupfuura chinokosha ndivo midziyo rezvedzidzo pfuma. Mumakore achangopfuura, chikuru muupenyu yokungotaura rezvedzidzo pfuma kunyatsoongorora pokumuka iri kudzidza mikana pokushandisa tinyatsonzwisisa dzebhizimisi nzira, iyo usingakwani muchikwata kupinda taxonomy mari, mutengo uye musika mharidzo. Performance zviratidzi okuwana pano vari kwetunhu kwavo kana vari zvokuti yepakutanga kuti havana chinenge hapana yokusafa Data tsika womuenzaniso zvinhu. Ivo:

- muenzaniso hupfumi kukosha-vakawedzera - Eva;

- womuenzaniso wakawedzera mukutsirani mutengo - SVA;

- chaiye kusarudza iwe nzira - ROV nzira.

At padanho interoperability "mumamiriro ezvinhu zvokunze" - "sangano" rinofanira vaparadzana mamiriro pakugamuchira mberi uye zvinhu nokuparadzirwa uye kushandisa zvakagadzirwa.

mamiriro Kwesangano chokuwana zvakagadzirwa zvinosanganisira kukura ano musangano siyana utsanzi: rokuchenesa, chipfuro vaifarira uye proactive.

The ezvoupfumi chokuwana zvakagadzirwa dzinosanganisira: hurumende zvibvumirano, mutero mari, zvaunofarira, makomborero, pazororo, uye zvikwereti yakavamba nezvimwe zviitiko.

By kufambisa uye kukurudzira kuparadzirwa uye kushandiswa zvakagadzirwa zvinosanganisira:

1. incentives Kwesangano ezvokutengeserana uye vasiri vezvokutengeserana Michina chinja;

2. Economic incentives chemumwe mutsika kwemichina.

At padanho nekuita pakati "sangano" hurongwa - "innovator" zvinofanira kuitwa chirwere:

1. kweSangano: pakusikwa mapoka ane pfungwa dzakafanana vanhu;

2. tsika-mupfungwa, mutsika kukurudzira muvambi innovator kuburikidza nenzvimbo Copyright pakati rezvedzidzo pfuma kodzero kuti musiki wavo chaiye;

3. Economic - zvakananga zvemari incentives munyori uye innovator: kuburikidza nenzvimbo rezvedzidzo pfuma kodzero kuti musiki wavo chaiye, mugove purofiti kuburikidza umambo kubhadhara, bundu mari kubhadhara, bonuses, Copyright royalties; kunanga zvinobatsira: kuburikidza akasununguka nguva.