Mapapiro Hussars. Polish Winged Hussars. History of Arms

Wokutanga yaidhonzwa weboka Poles akaumbwa rinenge panguva sezvo vokuPoland mamiriro. In yechipiri yezana rechi10 - mangwanani remakore rechi11, Poland pamepu kuMiddle Ages kaiva mamiriro. Most chacho achiitei marudzi unoparadzanisa necheSalvic. Kuchamhembe umambo kwePoland miganhu Prussia uye knightly mirairo, kumabvazuva - pamwe Kievan Rus, kumaodzanyemba - pamwe Hungarian umambo.

Vezvenhau kuziva pamusoro vanonzi "cheni dzokurwa brigades" First nguva Mieszko uye Boleslaw ari Brave. Nokuda kwayo vamabhiza umambo Poland simba haina panoonekwa Order of Sword uye Teuton sezvo muvengi. Asi vavakidzani - Lithuanians - kuumba ukuru hwokutanga yavo yakanga isina rinorema bhiza yeimwe, sezvo aiva chiedza vamabhiza, wakati vakapakata mapfumo uye netsvimbo. Naizvozvo, vakanga vasingagoni kumisa rinorema vamabhiza rejira, vachibvumira zvirevo kubvuta zvimwe ndima Slavs uye Prussians.

Polish hussars - mugari vamabhiza

At Hondo Grunwald July 15, 1410 pakati knightly mirairo uye Umambo muPoland muna kwomubatanidzwa pamwe Omani weutungamiriri nomupiro huru kukunda akaita wechiTatar vamabhiza kuti ayo nevezera akatyora Dzorudzidziso kuzvidzivirira.

Panguva Makumi Matatu Years War pamwe Sweden makore 1630-1660 wehondo Polish akatora muna vakabhadhara mugari vamabhiza pakati Lithuanians, Tatars, vokuSerbia, Hungarians nezvimwe vemarudzi. Vaiva varwi yakanaka, vanoziva sei kushandisa chero yakakunakira ezvinhu panzvimbo pokuda hondo navavengi yakarongeka pemitsara. Asi Sweden, izvo haana ichi mhando mauto, zvakakomba vaitya neVadzidzi vamabhiza kusvikira kusvika pakati vatsigiri - Cossacks.

Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi16 Polish vamabhiza yaiva bhiza doro yeimwe uye chiedza kutadza zvidimbu, yaisanganisira wechiTatar, Zaporozhtzi, wekuBosnia Lithuanian vokuMoldova nezvimwe marudzi. zvidzidzo izvi muchiuto vari nekusimba hondo dzakawanda uye hondo. Kutanga Polish vamabhiza kwemashifiti zvikamu nguva dzose kwava nyaya nguva.

Rzeczpospolita - mumwe kuumbwa chitsva map Europe

Kana vakabatana Poland uye Lithuania, paiva inonzi Rzeczpospolita, ndiko kudzivirira kumaodzanyemba uye okumabvazuva miganhu Paidiwa vamabhiza dzakabatana itsva vakareruka kupfuura kopeynye zvinosanganisira chokuziva vatasvi. Itsva kudzivirira dzaiperera akanzi "yadonhedzera-mutsetse", uye mukuru wayo wokutanga yakatarwa Petra Myshkovskogo. Saka akatanga vokuPoland hussars. Pakutanga paumbwe vezvikwata izvi muchiuto ivo basa vatorwa, dzakadai vokuSerbia, uye vakazotanga kutora shure uye Poles.

Hussar runowanzotaurwa rakakamurwa pikemen uye nouta, sapamazuva tanga kuronga kwokudzivirira miganhu hazvikwani rinorema vamabhiza. Naizvozvo, chiedza hussar kwokubatana vakadzidza kurwa rizere uye skirmishing.

Zvishoma akazova kwakapararira hussars zviumbu zvechiuto yose Commonwealth. Mauto Polish vakavapfigira ayo anoumba pamwe knightly vamabhiza. pfumo neimwe kana shamwari (kubva Polish rinoreva "mubetseri") vasvika hondo, pamwe mashoma uta, inonzi paholikami. Vaigona kuva nevanhu 2 kusvika 14 kana kupfuura. Paiva kakawanda kacho kana pfumo aigona kuuya pachake, unaccompanied. Chombo paholiku vakatenga komuredhi, nekuti zvombo zvave zvakasiyana.

Pakati pezana remakore rechi16 nemhaka vakawanda pakugoverwa muEurope kubva pfuti kune vamabhiza rinorema kwokudiwa akasuruvara. Naizvozvo, yakakurumbira Polish King Stefan Batory, ari cleverest Wenyika nomubati mukuru, uye akatanga kuchinja mauto, kusanganisira aya aishandisa mabhiza.

Kwakabva Polish vepamusoro vamabhiza dzakabatana

Famous pakati vokuPoland kwamachinda hussar chikamu zvishoma nezvishoma kuva cuirassier vamabhiza. Izvi aigona kwokubatana akatanga kutora vanatenzi vakapfuma. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anofanira kuuya pamwe 4-paholikov. Polish Winged Hussars aifanira kuva bhiza rakanaka. Kuenda hondo, vaifanira kushandisa nepfumo, zvombo uye kugokora Mapedhi, nengowani, pfupi pfuti, Saber kana broadsword. Kazhinji, kumusoro dzokurwa mamwe masoja vaipfeka matehwe emhuka siyana. On yekare mifananidzo kazhinji dzinogona kuonekwa sechinhu mapapiro hussar akapfeka mbada ganda, ingwe, bheya, mhumhi uye dzimwe mhuka.

mapapiro Guard

Mamwe masoja uye paholiki kazhinji zvinopfekwa pamusoro zvombo akaitwa wamapapiro. Zvingava nemapapiro kweTurkey, hanzi kana chapungu. Pakutanga akaita shoma mapapiro dzakanga dzakabatanidzwa nhoo kana pamusoro pommel ari Chigaro shure. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mumakore kufamba minhenga dzakabudiswa risingafadzi inzwi kuna untrained mabhiza muvengi. Nembira muvengi anotsamwira, akaramba kuteerera mirairo vatasvi - uye mutsetse muvengi vakarambana akakwidzwa dzakasiyana-siyana kusingadzorwi.

Muzana remakore rechi17 hussar yunifomu kushanduka mapapiro vava makuru uye vakatanga kuti vasiyana zvombo shure uye ugoisa pamusoro musoro mutasvi. Nemhaka iyi, mapapiro auri mikana - kudzivirira nomutasvi lasso uye mitigating matambudziko kana akadonha. Vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti huru mapapiro uye kwematehwe, pfekai zvombo ari murwi, aifanira demoralize mudzivisi. fungidziro ichi ane nhoroondo uchapupu.

Mumwe vechikamu pakurwa akaenzanisa regiments Polish, kunyanya zvine mapapiro vamabhiza pana Vienna muna 1683, izvo zvakaita kuti kurwisa mauto Turkish, ngirozi wehondo, akaburuka achibva kudenga kuti kuranga vatadzi. Other dzekare vanodavira kuti tsika iyi anobva Asia kure uye kupararira hweOttoman Empire.

Paumbwe vokuPoland hussar zviumbu

Hussar mureza paiva nehondo vaiva vepamusoro Rzeczpospolita. Iye akamhanya nomureza mukuru, mutevedzeri wake aiva mutevedzeri wagavhuna amire pasi, uye duku yaiva murayiro pambiru sajeni.

Mapapiro Guard haana zvikuru, sezvo ane imwe murwi yakadaro (bhiza, zvombo uye nezvombo) zvinodhura chaizvo. Nokuti mari iwe waigona kutenga chiuru pfuti uye kupomerwa kwavari kana gumi 6-pounders. Naizvozvo, zvakanga regiments hapana anopfuura maviri kana squadrons mapapiro hussars (kwete kupfuura 700-800 vanhu) neimwe hondo Corps.

Equipment Polish hussars

paholikov midziyo achiri kuenda mberi tichiregeredza mamwe masoja ake, vakanga vakashongera siyana zvombo. Akatasva remubatanidzwa vamabhiza kuverengwa 50-120. Paaiva munyika dzokuEurope phasing kubuda makopi mapapiro hussars vakaramba kuzvishandisa. nepfumo kureba 6-6.5 metres, uye raiva chombo akaoma chaizvo.

Muzana remakore rechi17 nepfuti vachiri chinyakare. Pistol pashure pena kubva pfuti kana bara kure kazhinji paricharova chipfuro, uye kuti reload zvakatora nguva yakawanda. Panguva iyo mapapiro hussars akakwanisa kukunda chinhambo kusvika muvengi uye multimeter pfumo rake akatakura muvengi haana nguva recharge chombo uye haana kuwana Saber kana munondo, izvo vachigere kukunda refu mapfumo vamabhiza simba aaiitawo.

In zvenhoroondo hondo dzakawanda nokuda chokwadi ichi chakange vakakunda ropa hondo, akadai Hondo Klushino muna 1610 pamusoro yeSweden kana muhondo wokuRussia panguva Miracle muna 1660.

Kuwedzera makopi ari hussars akanga Saber, munondo kureba 1,7 metres kuti zvinobaya muvengi zvombo uye vaviri pistoles, akatasva mune Chigaro holsters vane uta.

Hussar yunifomu akanga akanaka kwazvo, akanga gilded mifananidzo iri mubhokisi kuruboshwe - Amai vaMwari, kurudyi - muchinjikwa Catholic. Asi kunze runako aifanira kudzivirira tenzi wake. Hussar dzokurwa aigona kukurira zvakananga pena kubva musket ari chinhambwe maviri paces, uye kubva shure, vakanga kwegore risingapindiki nokuti zvakananga vapfurwa pamusoro Pistol.

Zvazvakashatira vokuPoland hussars

Zvisinei, hapana hwebetsero mativi uye chiedza inifanduri vamabhiza mapapiro hussars vakaratidza nyore dzokubudisa kurerutswa mutasvi uyo, kukwanisa kuita, pamwe kuruboshwe mbambo hussar zvinoenderana rwemberi divi kana kumurova. Nenzira iyi zvakanzi vakakundwa mauto Polish, izvo zvaisanganisira hussar of General Gordon, achimhanya Sokolnicki uye Baron Odta mune hondo Slobodischem pamwe Zaporizhzhya Cossack regiments.

Uyewo, nhoroondo yebasa inozivikanwa kuti chokwadi, kana yokukunda Wallenstein akanyengetera King Sigismund III kuti ndimutume haana avimbisa 10000-12000 mapapiro hussars, uye zvakafanana uwandu Cossacks.

Polish Hussars somunhu kumumvuri yeRussian anotasva mabhiza

Polish mapapiro vamabhiza vakava kumumvuri hwakasikwa wokutanga Russian vepamusoro hussar vamabhiza rokutanga yezana remakore rechi17. Russian hussar yokuzviparadzanisa kuti 735 emauto akasikwa 1634. Chaiva mapoka matatu emauto kumhanya Khovanskii Prince, Prince Mescheretskogo uye mukuru Rila. boka iri rakanga vakashumira Tula.

Munhoroondo yacho kana muna ra1654, musi Russian divi kwapfuura vanenge chiuru mapapiro hussars pasi murayiro Keele.

Poland rechi18 uye uto Napoleon raMwari

Pakutanga kwezana 18-19 emakore, vokuPoland dzakabatana pamwechete French mauto kunze rutsigiro rwemauto kuzorwa Italy uye Germany. Izvi muchiuto inotungamirwa akadana Danube uye rokuItari mauto. Vaiva hwaro pagadzirwe yakakurumbira Vislskogo Legion. Muna 1809, hondo muchiPolish muzana remakore rechi18 vaisanganisa vaviri Hussars akasika Marshal Poniatowski muna Galicia. Asi muna 1812 Poniatowski Ndarayira hussar ane mapoka matatu. Chokwadi, izvi hazvisirizvo mapapiro hussars, chinotyisa Ages Europe, chiedza aishandisa mabhiza.
Uyewo, vokuPoland hussars vaiva zvikamu Napoleonic mauto:

• Hussars maviri Brune sechikamu dzimba;
• mumwe Hussars hondo muna bhurigedhi Syubervi;
• mumakore 1813-1814 Polish chiedza varwi vaiva mamiriro rechi8 Corps Poniatowski uye 4th Kelerman dzimba.

Polish Army regiments aikoshesa pakati Napoleon kuti achaunganidza. Somuenzaniso, kuvaka Poniatowski, uyo vakaswedera akwegura Smolensk huru, Kutuzov vakasundira September 5, 1812 kuti kusada Shevardino redoubt. Yakanga kutanga hondo Borodino, apo Poles vakakwanisa zvinobudirira kutora musha Utitsa.

Poland wayo vamabhiza muna XX remakore

Pashure pokukundwa uye pakuputsa Napoleon muna 1814, Poland pamepu kuti Europe iri kushanda vasipo. Rakanga muzvikamu pakati Russia uye Austria-Hungary, uyewo Umambo Prussia.

Poland yawana kuzvitonga chete muna 1917, panguva imwecheteyo ndiyo zvakare kuumbwa hussar vamabhiza regiments. Kunyange muna 1914 vokuPoland hussars akarwa chikamu Russian Empire kudivi Austria. Nepo Polish neRegiyoni akaraira Pilsudski. hussars izvi vakanga vachishingaira mumabasa hondo yevagari Russia kuSiberia apo Kolchak kuti hondo. Hussar dzakabatana ukaonekwa muhondo hondo Tukhachevsky muna 1920.

History of Polish mapapiro hussars yakapedzwa muna 1939, pashure pemwedzi ne hondo uye vamabhiza vane sabers guta kwePoland akaiswa pamusoro Matangi - Warsaw.

Interesting zvenhoroondo zvinhu pamusoro mapapiro hussars

Polish hussar vamabhiza muna 16-19 emakore akanga zviviri zvinofadza okuremekedza: muna Commonwealth vakadaidzwa elearami uye vavengi - kubhururuka hussars, uyo, nekuti wamapapiro shure chaizvo sezvinoita kubhururuka pamusoro dzeminda.

Uyewo kugadzikana hussars mwoyo mumwe nomumwe maonero ake. Ndakazosvika pusa oddities. Saka, varwi Ivan anotyisa, vava pedyo Kazan, akasvika kuvhiringidzika kukuru pavakaona dzimwe Cossacks - Hussars, festooned neminhenga namatebwe zvemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana, kubvira ingwe kutsungirira. Vazhinji varwi vaifunga vakaona pamberi maIndia, uye kwete vamabhiza ano.

Sezvo mazuva ano zvinenge vana vose vanoda kuva muchadenga kunoongorora kana paratroopers, uye pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19 kusvika zvose mukomana Polish vaida kuva hussars. Asi kwakanga vapfumi Unit, kutora zvakanakisisa. Vaifanira kuva mukuru kukura uye zvemitambo nomuviri, emauto akanaka uye kunodzidziswa zvechiuto, uye vakadzikama mari, sezvo hussar akanga akanaka uye anodhura rokwe (the vepamusoro mushure zvose!), Uve bhiza, uye dzimwe nguva munhu mabhiza mashoma, vane zvose anodiwa midziyo uye nezvombo, uye vokupedzisira asi kwete muduku chinhu - kusatya. Zvakanaka chikonzero Lannes, Marshal kuti Napoleon kwakaita hondo, akati panguva iyo hussars, uyo akanga ana makore makumi matatu uye haasati akafa, - dongo, kwete hussar.

Kuyeukwa mapapiro emauto

Asi mapapiro hussars haana kuenda chaizvo kare. Nokuti Polish vanhu, varwi ava vakanga vaine, vakashinga uye akashinga kutsigira nyika yavo uye nyika yavo. Nokuti nguva yayo, kuti vatasvi vemabhiza vakanga zvechokwadi "chombo Mhedziso" kugadzirisa siyana kurwisana kwemauto.

Noble uye aigona basa regiments zvinamapapiro Guard akapinda ndangariro kwete chete Poles zvikuru, asiwo vose vagere pedyo States. Vaiva uye vari magamba emarudzi ose ouduku wePolish.

Kunyange iye zvino, munguva yedu, pane neherikoputa rwisana chairema akadana muuto Polish "Winged Hussars". Munguva ichangopfuura, helicopters izvi zvave zviripo mazuvaano uye apiwa kwemashoko idzva Anti-tangi zvombo uye moto masimba enyika. Izvi neherikoputa Polish anonzi imwe yakanakisisa kurwa munyika ndege.