Musasa wevasungwa German muHondo Yenyika II (mazita)

Fascism uye mhosva nguva dzose kuramba vasingasiyani pfungwa. Sezvo kupinda reropa demo hondo Nazi Germany pamusoro nyika, vakateura mhosva ropa kuwanda vakaurayiwa.

Mabviro wokutanga yevasungwa

Kamwe musimba muGermany vaNazi vakasvika - wokutanga "fekitari rufu" akatanga kusikwa. Wevasungwa - iri nemaune akashongedzerwa pakati, rakagadzirirwa vakawanda vanomanikidzwa mujeri, uye vasungwa vehondo uye vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika. The zita pacharo, uye kusvikira nhasi kunoparira zhinji chinokatyamadza. Yevasungwa kuGermany vaiva pachigaro vanhu vakanga vavaifungira kuramba Anti-yechiFascist kufamba. Wokutanga misasa yevasungwa riri zvakananga Third Reich. Maererano "mitemo zvashata Reich President Chokudzivirira People neHurumende" vakasungwa kuti nokusingagumi mitsetse vose nevaitungamirira utongi hasha hweNazi.

Asi panongovira hondo yakatanga - masangano akadai vava hofori muchina woutsinye uye akaparadza vanhu vazhinji. musasa German wevasungwa munguva yeHondo yeNyika II vakazara mamiriyoni vasungwa: vaJudha, vaKomonisiti, Poles, Roma, vagari Soviet uye nevamwe. Pakati zvikonzero zvakawanda kufa mamiriyoni evanhu anokosha aiva zvinotevera:

• utsinye rinosekesa;
• chirwere;
• murombo ezvinhu;
• kuneta;
• rakaoma;
• utsinye zvokurapa kuedza.

Kugadzirwa noutsinye hurongwa

Uwandu kwokururamisa basa masangano panguva inenge 5000. musasa wevasungwa German muHondo Yenyika II aiva nechinangwa chakasiyana uye kukwanisa. Kufambiswa kwemarudzi dzidziso muna 1941 kwakaita kuti mumisasa kana "mafekitari rufu", shure masvingo ayo zvakanyatsorongwa kuuraya vaJudha pakutanga, uye zvino vanhu vari vamwe vanhu "akaderera". Mumisasa akanga akamiswa dzatorwa kubva Eastern Europe.

Chikamu chokutanga kukura ino kunoratidzwa kuvakwa mumisasa pamusoro ndima German, akanga kunonyanyisa Kufanana pamwe dziparadzwe. Vakanga akagovera kwerunyararo vavengi hurumende yevaNazi. Panguva iyoyo, vaiva vasungwa vanenge zvuru 26, akanyudzwa zvachose kubva kunze kwenyika. Kunyange chiitiko mumwe kununura moto vashandi vasina kodzero kugara mumusasa.

Chechipiri danho - iri 1936-1938, Kana kuwanda vasungwa yakawedzera nokukurumidza uye Kuwanikwa yevasungwa zvivako zvitsva kunodiwa. Sechikamu avo vakasungwa pokugara uye nevaya havadi kushanda. Yakatakura kubva muvanhu kuchenesa rudzi kubva Anti-evanhu zvinhu izvo vachanyara reGermany rudzi. Iyi ndiyo nguva erection zvakadaro inozivikanwa misasa kufanana muSachsenhausen uye Buchenwald. Gare gare vakatanga kutumira vaJudha kuutapwa.

Chechitatu chokutambudzika hurongwa kukura akatanga kusvika panguva imwe chete chete Second World War uye rinovapo kusvikira kutanga 1942. Kuwanda Vasungwa vaigara mumusasa wevasungwa muGermany muHondo Yenyika II, ikawanda zvinenge kaviri nokuda nhapwa vokuFrance, Poles, Belgians, uye vamiririri nemamwe marudzi. Panguva ino, nhamba vasungwa muGermany uye Austria iri shoma zvikuru pane nhamba yevaya vari mumisasa, yakavakwa muna vakakunda mundima.

Panguva yechina uye chokupedzisira. (1942-1945) kunowedzera chaizvo kutambudzwa vaJudha vasungwa vehondo weSoviet. Kuwanda vasungwa anenge mamiriyoni 2.5-3.

VaNazi vakaronga kuti "fekitari rufu" uye nemamwe masangano zvakafanana yevasungwa ari siyana munyika nenharaunda. Chinonyanya kukosha pakati pavo iri mumusasa wevasungwa muGermany, pakarongwa iri sezvinotevera:

• Buchenwald;
• Halle;
• Dresde;
• Düsseldorf;
• Katbus;
• kuRavensbrück;
• Schlieben;
• Spremberg;
• Dachau;
• Essen.

Dachau - wokutanga musasa

Pakati wokutanga muGermany Camp Dachau hwagadzwa, iri pedyo eponymous duku riri pedyo Munich. Aiva rudzi muenzaniso pakusikwa ramangwana ezvinhu muNazi correctional masangano. Dachau - wevasungwa, izvo iripo kwemakore 12. It mujeri kuwanda vasungwa German enyika uye antifascists vasungwa, vafundisi, vezvematongerwo enyika uye voruzhinji kurovedzera kubva kunyika dzose European rinenge.

Muna 1942 iri munharaunda kumaodzanyemba German hurongwa anotanga vasikwa, zvinosanganisira zvimwe misasa 140. Vose vaiva "Dachau" uye hurongwa raiva anopfuura 30.000 vasungwa, kureva zvakasiyana-siyana zvebasa inorema. Pakati vasungwa hanya uye vose anozivikanwa Anti-yechiFascist vatendi Martin Niemöller, Gabriel V uye Nikolai Velimirovic.

Pamutemo Dachau haana yakagadzirirwa kuuraya vanhu. Asi, pasinei ichi, mukuru nhamba vasungwa vakafa pane kumativi 41.500 vanhu. Asi nhamba chaiyo iri yepamusoro zvikuru.

Uyewo kuita zvakasiyana yokurapa kuedza kuitwa musi vanhu shure masvingo avo. Zvikurukuru, kwave kuedza hunobatanidza kudzidza kuchinja kukwirira pamusoro womunhu muviri uye kudzidza nemarariya. Uyezve, vasungwa pavaiita miedzo zvinodhaka itsva, styptic.

Dachau Concentration Camp ane mukurumbira wakaipa kwazvo, akasunungura April 29, 1945 uto 7th Army US Armed Forces.

"Basa achikusunungurai"

Mutsara kubva simbi bukovok wakaiswa pamusoro huru pasuo Auschwitz Nazi wevasungwa, chiratidzo kutyisa uye kwevanhu.

Nokuda ichiwedzera Poles vakasunga pakava kudiwa pave nzvimbo itsva yavo kugutsikana. Muna 1940-1941, kubva munharaunda vokuPoland guta Oswiecim nemisha yaro dzakapoteredza vakadzingwa vagari vose. Iyi nzvimbo ndechedu musasa dzidzo.

Chaiva:

• Auschwitz I;
• Auschwitz-Birkenau;
• Auschwitz-Bună (kana Auschwitz III).

Zvakapoteredzwa mumisasa vose riri shongwe uye Barbed waya, riri pasi yemagetsi voltage. The kudzingwa mapazi yaiva chinhambwe chikuru kunze mumisasa uye vaiva zita "nzvimbo mubereko".

Vasungwa vakaunzwa pano zvitima kubva zvose pamusoro Europe. Vakabva muzvikamu 4 mapoka. Chokutanga, iine kazhinji vaJudha uye unusable mapepa vanhu pakarepo gassed.

Vamiririri yechipiri kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana ari indasitiri. Zvikurukuru, mujeri basa waishandiswa panguva Refinery "Bună-Werke," mubasa kugadzirwa peturu, uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa rabha.

Chetatu vatsva vaiva avo aiva vachiberekwa chaiko abnormalities. Izvi dzaiwanzova mapatya uye dwarfs. Vaenda "chinoumba" wevasungwa nokuda Anti-dzevanhu hwakaipisisa kuedza.

The boka chechina chaiva vakadzi zvikuru vakasarudzwa uyo akaita varanda uye varanda SS pachavo. Ivowo Sorted akatorwa kubva kusvika vasungwa zvinhu.

The mashandiro yokupedzisira mhinduro mubvunzo yechiJudha

zuva ose mumusasa paiva kupfuura 100,000 vasungwa, avo vaigara 170 hectares nyika muna 300 yemapurisa. Vakanga mubasa rokuvaka vasungwa okutanga. Yemauto zvakaitwa namatanda uye vasina hwaro. In yechando, nzvimbo idzi zvave kunyanya kutonhora, nekuti vakanga neshungu pamwe 2 ovheni diki.

Crematorium muna Auschwitz Birkenau zvaiiswa panoperera Makwara. Vakanga pamwe gasi makamuri. Mumwe nomumwe wavo akapiwa vakaendeswa 5 yamavira katatu. Other kunopiswa vaiva duku uye raiva rimwe vosmimufelnoy muvira. Vose vaishanda anenge akapoteredza wachi. Kuputsa kuitwa chete kuitira kuchenesa muchoto kubva dzevanhu guruva unburned mafuta. Zvose izvi aivigirwa pedyo munda uye dumped chaihwo muhunza.

Mumwe gasi mukamuri anobvumawo vanenge 2500 vanhu, vakafa kwemaminitsi 10-15. Pashure mitumbi yavo kune rimwe crematorium. Munzvimbo dzavo, vamwe vasungwa vakanga atogadzirira.

A dzakawanda zvitunha vasingagoni nguva dzose anobvumawo crematoria, saka muna 1944 vakatanga kupisa mumugwagwa.

Zvimwe zvinhu kubva munhoroondo kuAuschwitz

Auschwitz - mumusasa wevasungwa, nhoroondo zvinosanganisira scoring retsono kuedza vangasvika 700, hafu rakapera zvinobudirira. Asi kunyange kana munhu akakwanisa kutiza - pakarepo kusunga vose nehama dzake. Vakatarirwawo akatumira yechibharo. Vasungwa, vaigara kupukunyuka kupinda chimwe chikwata, vakaurayiwa. In nzira iyi wevasungwa kudzora ngakurege kupukunyuka uchiedza.

Kubudiswa ichi "fekitari rufu" yakaitwa January 27, 1945. 100 Infantry Division pasi General Fedor Krasavina akatora musasa nzvimbo. In kurarama panguva iyoyo paiva vanhu 7,500 chete. VaNazi munguva yavo shure vakaurayiwa kana vakaendeswa Third Reich anopfuura 58,000 vasungwa.

Tisati nguva yedu isu hatizivi nhamba chaiyo muupenyu kuti vanobviswa kuenda kuAuschwitz. How mweya zhinji famba vasungwa ikoko kusvikira nhasi? Auschwitz - wevasungwa, nhoroondo iro rinoumbwa noupenyu vasungwa mamiriyoni 1.1-1.6 pakati. Akava chiratidzo pakati chinonyadzisa mhosva vanhu ndakasuruvara.

Kudzivirirwa musasa mhedziso vakadzi

Chete guru wevasungwa vanhukadzi muGermany aiva kuRavensbrück. Rakanga rakagadzirirwa kwerunyararo vanhu zviuru 30, asi pakupedzisira hondo pane vasungwa vanopfuura 45,000 vakanga. Izvi zvaisanganisira Russian uye Polish vakadzi. A chinokosha mugove vaiva vaJudha. musasa wevasungwa uyu vakadzi haana pamutemo rakagadzirirwa vasungwa siyana chokudheerera, asi izvozvo chakarongwa kurambidzwa akanga asipo.

Pamusoro kubvuma kuti kuRavensbrück vakadzi akazvitora zvose zvavakanga vanazvo. Vakabvisira chose, akashamba, akaveura uye akapiwa basa hembe. Pashure musungwa uyu akaparadzirwa mumabharaki.

Kunyange vasati vapinda musasa yasarudzwa vakadzi vakawanda vane utano uye akagwinya, vamwe - zvakaparadzwa. Vakasara, akaita mabasa akasiyana-siyana chokuita kuvaka uye kusona workshop.

Kunopera hondo, izvozvo akavaka crematorium uye gasi kamuri. Vasati kuti, paiva vakawanda vaiurayiwa kana anosarudza kana zvakakodzera. Send madota dzevanhu sezvo fetiraiza paminda yakapoteredza hadzi wevasungwa kana kungoti akadurura kupinda Gulf.

Zvinhu kunyadziswa uye zvakaitika muna Ravesbryuke

Chinonyanya kukosha zvinhu pokunyadziswa raibva vakaverengwa, yakawiriranwa basa uye zvisingatsungiririki nderemagariro. Uyewo Ravesbryuka chinhu ndiyo pamberi chipatara, rakagadzirirwa kwakaita vanhu. Pano, vanhu vokuGermany akaita kuidzwa mishonga mitsva, pre-yekutapurira kana mutilating vasungwa. Kuwanda vasungwa ungaderedza nokukurumidza pavanoparidza dzose kuchenesa kana pazviridzwa, panguva iyo akaparadza vose vakadzi vakafirwa kukwanisa kushanda kana kuva murombo chitarisiko.

Panguva kusunungurwa mumusasa, paiva vanenge 5000 vanhu. Vakasara musungwa akanga kana kuurayiwa kana vakaendeswa mamwe yevasungwa yeNazi Germany. Pakupedzisira, vakadzi vasungwa takasunungurwa muna April 1945.

Wevasungwa Salaspils

Chokutanga, wevasungwa Salaspils akasikwa kuti ane mairi kuvaJudha. Vakaunzwa ikoko kubva Latvia uye dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope. Mabasa okuvaka vokutanga kuitwa vasungwa eSoviet vehondo vaiva Stalag 350, iri pedyo.

Sezvo pakatanga kuvakwa panguva vaNazi vakauraya anenge zvose vaJudha munharaunda Latvia, musasa akaratidza kuti hazvina kutorwa nehama dzazvo. Panyaya iyi, muna May 1942, mune chinhu mukamuri Salaspilsa akaita mujeri. Yaiva vose vaya vakatsauka kubva basa basa, tsitsi nezviremera Soviet, uye vamwe vavengi nehurumende Hitler. Vanhu ava vakaendeswa kufa rufu rwairwadza. Musasa haana kufanana zvimwe masangano akafanana. Pakanga pasina gasi makamuri kana crematoria. Kunyange zvakadaro, pane vakaparadzwa vasungwa vanenge 10 zviuru.

vana Salaspils

Salaspils wevasungwa waiva nzvimbo yevasungwa vana, dzinoshandiswa kuti vavape neropa vakakuvadzwa masoja eGermany. Mushure ropa kushaya nzira ruzhinji vasungwa yokupara akafa nokukurumidza chaizvo.

Vakanga akachengetwa takaparadzana yemauto uye kunyimwa kunyange shoma chinyakare kutarisirwa. Asi hazvisi chando uye rinotyisa magariro vaiva kukonzera rufu vana uye kuitisa kuedza, ravakanga zvaishandiswa sezvo bvunzo vanotongwa.

Number vasungwa muduku akafa masvingo Salaspils, ane vanopfuura 3 zviuru. Zviri chete vana yevasungwa, vari pasi 5 nemakore. Of mitumbi vakapisa, ukuwo vamwe vakanga vakavigwa Garrison Cemetery. Vazhinji vevana vakafa nemhaka tsitsi ropa kupomba.

Njodzi vanhu vaiva mumisasa yevasungwa kuGermany panguva Great Patriotic War, kwakanga kuchirwadza uye pashure pokusunungurwa. Zvaizoratidza sokuti vachiri vaitwe kutya! Mushure Nazi rokumanikidzirwa masangano, vakanga vatora musungwa Gulag. hama dzavo uye vana vakanga vaidzvinyirirwa uye vaiona pachavo Aimbova vasungwa "vatengesi." Ivo chete kushanda pamusoro chinonetsa uye mabasa anobhadhara. Chete vashoma vavo akakwanisa pakupedzisira ikabuda vanhu.

musasa wevasungwa German - uchapupu inotyisa uye inexorable chokwadi gobvu kuderera revanhu.