Žil-157: nokurondedzerwa uye mapikicha

"Žil 157" (pikicha mumotokari dzinoturwa papeji), rori simba, iyo yaigadzirwa muSoviet nguva iri fekitari Likhachev, kubva muna 1958 kusvika 1991. The muchina ane hunhu nemotokari zvose-Nzvimbo motokari-vhiri zvose, uye saka Serial kugadzirwa akanga zvainanga kuona motokari yacho Armed Forces Soviet Union. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe uwandu "žil 157" raishandiswa National upfumi.

kuvandudza

Muna 1961, muenzaniso akanga dzakachinjwa uye akagamuchira indekisi "žil 157K." The itsva shanduro motokari yakanga yabudisa kusvikira 1978, ndokuzoenda kugadzirwa zvayo Ural Automobile Plant (UAMZ), asi pasi zita "žil 157KD". The muchina mutsva akasiyana yapfuura kwakavandudzwa hutachiwana, yakavimbika kuroorwa Disc batira, wakanaka axial vakadengezera pamwe kunyange mutoro pakugovera uye telescopic kuvhunduka absorbers. Driving chokupika ari dzakachinjwa womuenzaniso kunowedzerawo, mwero yakawedzera kubva 60 kusvika 65 makiromita paawa. The yoku- shanduro yave iripo kwenguva yakati kuti tinyatsoziva, "žil 157" vane mapikicha havana rakabudiswa kwese, yakatorwa semhosva kwechiuto kwemashoko nguva.

The motokari muviri aiva yemapuranga pakakwirira akafukidzwa longitudinal simbi micheto izvo zvinodzivirira pamusoro abrasion. Mapuranga vakaungana kubva emapuranga pamahwendefa, pakukora 20 uye wakafara makubhiti 80 millimeters. Kugadzira simba longitudinal transverse nembariro awedzera pamwe simbi mumabhuraketi. Front bhodhi akanga akatasva fixedly uye parutivi uye neshure vakatsenhama, nokudaro zvakazara kuvhura papuratifomu muviri. Nokudaro, vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa nemauto uye mumwe pfuma kuitwa nyore uye nokukurumidza.

Kubva uto iri National upfumi

Car "žil 157KD" rakanyorwa kusvikira 1991, uye mabasa motokari haana kuchinja, vose hwokugadzira parameters zvakazara zvinodiwa kushanda. Uye sezvo hondo yakatanga kugadzirwa-Nzvimbo zvose motokari muna 1966 paGungano chirimwa Likhachev "žil 131", kugoverwa "žil 157KD" iri Armed Forces of USSR zvishoma amira. Mumuchina kuwedzera kushandiswa vehurumende engineering, ari seboka uye ehurumende mumapurazi uye foresitiri. Yakavimbika, vane mwero nomunzvimbo dzine motokari razova chinhu chinokosha zvikuru muminda siyana.

Model "žil 157B" tarakita pasina muviri, akanga kunyanya nyore zvokufambisa kutema. Simba traction akabvumira kushandisa muchina nokuda chokufambisa ekare matanda.

rwokugadzira unhu

Parameters huru zvinoriumba nemagungano, "žil 157" rinoita-soro zvinodiwa nguva. Sezvo muchina akaberekwa nokuda Soviet Army, nokuti ayo kugadzirwa asina kurega mari. Saka, "žil 157", hunhu izvo havafaniri kunatsiridzwa, akaunganidzwa pamusoro conveyor bhandi ari chaiwo mhosva, kwemakore pasina kuchinja kworuzivo.

Motokari yakanga vakapakata injini ichitaurwa kugona uye kupararira mashanu nemotokari miseve, mumwe iro rinobatanidza rokupa dzaishandiswa pamwe gearbox, vaviri chinhu vachishandisa kutenderera mberi uye pakati zvokubatisa. Rechina nerechishanu cardan mugodhi rinobatanidza yapakati zambuko kuti shure, kuburikidza zvenguva kubereka gungano.

bhazi

Wheels "žil 157" aiva rakadzika musvine achitaura, anenge kubvisa slippage. Kokutanga mudzimai motokari indasitiri murori wakaiswa paging hurongwa waidzora tai kufurirwa. Punctures uye maburi diki mumakumbo havana kukanganisa kumhanya muchina, kwaita kuti compressor iri pumped runodiwa huwandu mhepo kudzikamisa kushaya kufurirwa. Kubva rokutyaira chigaro aigona kusanganisirawo kupomba mashandiro.

Tires "žil 157" nevamwewo vakanga rakagadzirirwa kufamba pamusoro mhandara chando kana machakwi munzvimbo. Nokuti chinangwa ichi zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kudzibatsira kuti 0,7 atmospheres. Wheels makasimbiswa, pamusoro yavo vakava vakwanise. Apfuudza zvinoumba mugove, tai zvakare pumped kukwira chakaipa kumanikidzwa 2,8 atmospheres.

kutonhora hurongwa

Cylinder nechigumbuso "žil 157" ne "bhachi" Akanyatsovharwa mhando. Achiparadzira coolant loop. The redhiyeta raiva tubular chimiro, wakabatanidzwa pamwe tote maketeni. Nhanhatu-bladed dzinoshandisa vhiri zvinowedzera kutonhora.

By dzinovaka payakaipira kutonhora maitiro "žil 157" rinogona kunzi kune nehanya kuti injini yakaderera tembiricha. At kubvisa 10 madhigirii vaifanira kushandisa inokosha insulating vatadze kuti injini mupanda, sezvo kutonhora maitiro haritsigiri zvinodiwa tembiricha. Zvadaro, asi thermostat yave kunyorwa kwenyaya, asi housings dzichiri vanobatanidzwa kavha machine.

Engine "žil 157"

• humburumbira chinzvimbo - 5559 masendimita / 3;
• mhando - peturu, carburetor;
• kunonyanyisa simba - 109 zvapano.
• Nhamba sepombi - 6, mu-mutsetse urongwa;
• humburumbira dhayamita - 101,6 mm;
• compression reshiyo - 6.2;
• kutonhora - antifreeze;
• zvinhu - simbi humburumbira mufurati, humburumbira musoro aruminiyamu;
• mana - oparesheni;
• rayirai 1-5-3-6-2-4 pakati sepombi;
• mafuta A-66, A-72.

kufamba

Manual hutachiwana, ane shanu-danho:

• Model 151;
• chinja - uriri mhikuriso.

Gear ratios:

• wechishanu giya (kururamiswa) - 0,81;
• giya chechina - 1.00;
• giya wechitatu - 1,89;
• giya rechipiri - 3.32;
• kuchinjwa wokutanga - 6.24;
• Kuzvishandura - 6,70.

Kuparadzira bhokisi, mbiri-pechikuva:

Gear ratios:

• kuchinjwa wokutanga - 2.44;
• giya rechipiri - 1.24;
• chikuru hutachiwana nemotokari zvokubatisa - kuroorwa, 6,67.

Miganhu uye uremu unhu

• zvachose kurema ndiwo 10.190 makirogiramu;
• pakureba 6684 mm;
• kukwirira: izere, pamwe musasa 2915 neMM, pasina musasa 2360 mm;
• 2315 mm upamhi;
• njanji pamberi 1755 mm;
• rwemberi njanji 1750 mm;
• garo vhiri 3 665 + 1 120 mm;
• pasi Clearance (Clearance) - 310 mm.

okunatsiridza

Munguva kugadzirwa "žil 157" akasikwa gumi nerimwe shanduro zvinokosha, izvo anoita chairo. Uyezve, kwaiva chaiyo chinangwa motokari:

• moto rori ine tangi remvura inokwana matani 4,5, extendable manera uye kaviri kabhini nokuda vashandi;
• motokari nechimbichimbi urwu kuisa kupa magetsi kuti kwenguva de-kwakapa zvinhu.
• wokuenzanisira pamwe yanyatsosimba pamberi bhamba kuti Towing nokudzikisira;
• mota akashongedzerwa aine winch, rakagadzirirwa kudhonza kubva tsvikinyidza vhiri uye njanji nemotokari;
• chikuru muenzaniso "žil 157", yakabudiswa muna 1958;
• tarakita "157B";
• mujinga womuenzaniso kubvira 1961, "157K";
• tarakita muna 1961, "157KV";
• garo wokuenzanisira ne 1978 "157KD";
• tarakita muna 1978, "157KDV";
• Tropical shanduro kunowedzera kutonhora maitiro uye redhiyeta komberedza, "157YU";
• ekisipoti muenzaniso "157E";
• muenzaniso pamwe kuchengetedzwa midziyo, zvaitawo - "157G";
• wokuenzanisira aine zvaitawo akadzivirirwa midziyo kubva 1961 - "157KG";
• muenzaniso specialized Dual mafuta matangi, zvachose Vhoriyamu 300 litres - "žil 157E".

Total 797 934 motokari zvakabudiswa okunatsiridza zvose, "mambo kure-nomugwagwa", se "žil 157" anotaurwa nevanhu.

The Injini itsva

Mujinga muenzaniso 1978 "157KD" akanga vakashongedzerwa ine injini, motokari pamwe rakabatana "žil 130". compression reshiyo akanga yakawedzera kubva 6.2 kusvika 6.5. Pisitoni boka - humburumbira liners, pistons, akaisa pamusoro compression marin'i, minwe, unobva tsvimbo akakweretwa kubva muinjini "130" zvachose. lubrication hurongwa zvikuru achinja mafuta zvino vakachenesa mune Centrifugal firita.

Water pombi simba rakanga yekudyidzana kwakawedzera, vakatasva alternator zvikurukuru itsva, chiine, nyatsoshanda chikwata. Kugara Starter ne vysokooborotisty, zvakawedzera simba. Normal timer akapa nzira kutaura uye transistor kuvesa gadziriro. The yoku- Injini paakagadzwa pachigaro "žil 157KD" iri Ural bazi žil.

"Žil 157" Diesel

The kugadzirwa Nguva-Nzvimbo zvose motokari, Diesel simba zvinomera, izvo zvaizoita kubudiswa musi muindasitiri pamwero hariko. Saka, muna USSR, marori ose akashongedzerwa chete peturu Motors. Zvisinei, "žil 157" rinogona pfungwa kuiswa D245-12S Diesel injini muchiso, hakufaniri kuchinja chinhu, zvose hwakawanda kuti pokusvika injini uye predach bhokisi hunogona kungoparara kujairana. Zvinokosha chete kugura dzose shure rutsigiro mumabhuraketi uye weld kubva "žil 130" kana "131 žil '. Zvisinei, kana nekuisa Diesel injini anofanira kugadzirira zvaioneka kuzunungusa muchina yose ndiyo chete akaipa pamusoro mazuvaano kwakadaro.

mabhiriji

Car "žil 157" pasinei nadzurudzo iri vakapakata matatu chete mhando kumhanya giya. yemapuraneti ichi, semiaxial mabhiriji, pamwe differentials. The giya ratios pamusoro rachulis akafanana vose vatatu matanda. hwakawanda mumabhuraketi zvakagadzirirwa elliptical mashizha namatsime, kunyange kuturika aigona kuva zvakavamba kuchinja pamwe coils zvitubu uye hydraulic kuvhunduka absorbers.

Asi vakaoma anodawo mamiriro, "žil 157" mabhiriji izvo kuona brunt, kumanikidzwa vagadziri kutsvaka zvinogadzirisa povyshayushie zvakavimbika motokari suspensions. zano yambokurukurwa zvakakwana nyore uye yakavimbika, unosanganisira kugadzwa hydraulic kuvhunduka absorbers.

Vose hafu-mutsetse mumotokari vari pamwe chakakandirwa-simbi ngoma, kuti tiri chikamu "157" zvikuru kunobudirira braking hurongwa akabatanidzwa. Zvidhinha yezvisikwa zvinhu "feredo" vakashanda flawlessly. The motokari iri zvinenge kumbosiya musvine mavanga mumugwagwa, chemabhazi akatedza uye pasina jerks, izvo kazhinji aine chinovhiringidza inorema motokari.

motokari kugadzira

Pasinei nyore kuvaka uye upenyu refu basa, "mambo kure-nomugwagwa" dzimwe nguva hwatsvuka. Zvisinei, magazini varidzi musafunganya-Nzvimbo motokari kupembedza zvikamu "žil 157" iri Sale yakakwana kwazvo. MuSoviet nguva, muna kufanana pagadzirwe motokari, kunyanya marori, kushanda mafekitari kuti pagadzirwe kugadziriswa Kits. Uye, sezvo mutemo, handingadariki zvikamu kubudiswa akawanda kure kwazvo kudiwa. Ndivo zvichidhura chawakaronga upfumi, asi zviri ngaavongwe kwavari kuti nhasi unogona kutenga zvinenge zvose unofanira kugadzira motokari.