Winston Churchill (Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill). Biography, mapikicha, zvinonakidza zvinhu

In nhoroondo XX remakore akasiya yakadzika aitodada vanhu vaya vakatora yenhamo kusarudza vanhu. Pakati vakakurumbira enyika panzvimbo yavo nechivimbo anotora Winston Churchill - the British wehurumende, munyori, vakawana mubayiro weNobel, mumwe Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa vatungamiriri, Anti-dzechiKomonisiti, munyori aphorisms vazhinji vava mapapiro, unoda pazvimonera uye simba nokumwa, uye vanhu kazhinji dzinonakidza.

mufananidzo wake anozivikanwa vatinonamata vagari pamusoro vhidhiyo footage Hondo Yenyika II, akakunda panguva Yalta, Tehran uye Potsdam Misangano. Vari pakati dzimwe nhengo "Big Vatatu" akavhomora pfungwa yakazara nechipi, akafukidza rechiuto bhachi makaki, akaipa, asi inofadza chaizvo munhu uye rakapinza anopenya. Izvi zvaishamisa, Winston Churchill, bhuku verenga pamusoro nhasi, uye kunyange kupfura mabhaisikopu kuti usvinudze mapeji ausingazivi kuti Biography ake. Zvimwe zvinhu uri chakavanzika nhasi.

Birth uye mhuri

Pakapera November 1874 Marlborough paaigadzirira bhora mumuzinda Duke pakati Blenheim. Zvechokwadi vaida kupinda Lady Churchill. mwoyo wake, asi iye akanga akatsunga, izvo zvakaita kuti vamwe ezvinhu, kukanganisa soiree. It kuitira zvakaitika kuti Winston Churchill akaberekwa mugomo vakadzi majasi, heti nezvimwe outerwear, dumped mune murwi mumba kuti somutariri chinochechenya hodhiropu vakokwa.

Dzidzo uye Ginger haisi mwana akanaka chaizvo vaiita anonyanya nanny Everest. Igaroziva ichi mukadzi kunoshamisa nechekuita gwara rakanga rakakura, uye mufananidzo wake aigara aiva nzvimbo akakurumbira mumahofisi zvose kubatikana nazvo, pachena, kusvikira kumugumo woupenyu kuenzanisa maitiro avo ambofanobata wake tsika nhungamiro. Saka ini kuonga wayo Winston Churchill, uyo Biography zvinoratidza kuti mukoti akanga ane kodzero dzevanhu uye akachenjera.

School, kuyaruka

Prodigy zvishoma Winston haana. Kunyange zvazvo ane kwazvo ndangariro, asi akashandisa chete kana zvakanga kuziva nyaya. Diction, mukomana wacho saka-saka, dzimwe tsamba yaakanga asina Dzakataurwa asi zvakanga zvakasiyana verbosity. Nokuti sayenzi chaiyo, Greek uye Latin, akaratidza kusava nehanya, asi chizvarwa Chirungu aida kuzviita nokuzvidira.

A wechizvarwa mhuri revatongi uye aifanira kudzidza muchikoro chaiyo. Kwakadaro kwaiva tsika ropafadzo 'Ascot', apo Winston Churchill yakapedza makore mashomanana. Ipapo mukomana hwakatamisirwa chikoro "Harrow" soro sandara, uyewo mukurumbira kuti tsika refu. The vabereki vaidavira kuti mwanakomana nyeredzi kubva kudenga hakuna kukwana, asi nzira yakanga, uye saka akasarudza ake basa rechiuto. The akakwirira vamabhiza chikoro "Sandhurst" hondo youmambo jaya akakwanisa kupinda muna 1893, chete rwechitatu. Makore maviri gare gare baba vake vakafa. Smer nokuti mwanakomana anodiwa uye inodikanwa vabereki kuva kurasikirwa kukuru, pasinei vamwe tose nokusanzwisisana. Childhood riri pamusoro, jaya rikava munhu mukuru.

Kutanga basa yeparamende

Kuva midziyo dzidzo yepamusoro, pachinzvimbo chevatatu refutenendi uye anokudzwa mavambo, Winston Churchill, ane Biography sezvo wezvematongerwe enyika akanga uchangotanga, akakunda sarudzo dzeparamende muna 1900. Pasinei akatiza kubva weConservative Party, kuti tsitsi vanoratidza, asi, kuti ayo vavengi - the liberals. kupokana Izvi zvinoratidzwa yokuti iye kunotsanangurwa chinzvimbo chayo ive "yakazvimirira kuchinja", izvo zvakakonzera iye yakawanda nematambudziko, asi kukudzwa rwonzi mufambiro wakadaro vaivawo. Kusawirirana vane bato nhengo akasika zvimwe kusanagura, izvo zvakabatsira kuti mukurumbira zvikuru munyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika yeChina. Nokuti kuti panguva kutaura ake, muParamende zhinji, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange Prime Minister pachake, demonstratively akasiya musangano mumba, Winston Churchill akaonekwa nokuda Lloyd George. Muna 1904 akasiya weConservative pamisara.

Minister nyuchi

Senator achitsetsenura Akakwezva, uye vaitaura kuti pamwe esarudzo dzakasiyana vakanga vangotanga. Vaya vakanga vasina hanya Churchill, iye zvizere sokusingaitiki parutivi, asi muna 1906 akabvuma kuva mushumiri mutariri remabasa nyuchi. Kukosha mhiri kwemakungwa ndima kuti zvinakire British Empire yaiva hombe, uye akanga akaratidza uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika gwara, kwakunoitwa kukoshesa simba zvido kupfuura vamwe zvinhu. Zvakabuda remapazi kwenguva pfupi nguva rakaratidza kuva zvinoorora zvikuru, asi kuita kunge vakaona uye akaonga panguva soro yakati sandara, kusanganisira hwaiitwa Edward VII uye namambo pachake.

The enyika dambudziko pamusoro 1908 kwakaguma yokurega Prime Minister Campbell Bannerman, ane nzvimbo yakanga nokukurumidza Asquith. Akapa kuenda Churchill Royal Navy, asi akanga aramba. Hondo munguva yemberi iri pedyo iri akafanoona, uye pasina nzvimbo Minister of Navy haana kuvimbisa mbiri. Panyaya mumwe mumhanyi hurumende mushumiri akakutsamwira ndiye, kunyange nokuda zvakasiyana chikonzero, musoro wenyaya aingovawo asingafariri Churchill. Asi nerake aida kuita, kunyange zvazvo pakutanga kuaona haina kuvimbisa enyika chero mibayiro.

muchato

Winston Churchill vagara vakabatikana nezvinhu zvematongerwo enyika, kuti shamwari dzake Wakatotanga nechokwadi kuti nokusingaperi angadai kuroorwa, asi vakanga kururama. Pasinei kupfuura zvokunze mashoko mwero uye zvechigarire pamutemo pokuwanda kwebasa, iye achiri awana mukana tinyatsoziva musikana akanaka chaizvo, wake runako (pachena, njere uye achitsetsenura) uye kutungamirira paaritari. Mwanasikana Dragoon mukuru VaK - Clementine Hoze - akanga mashiripiti aumbwa, akangwara aikwanisa mumitauro miviri yokumwe (French uye German). Vavariro dzoudyire Winston vaisagona kunyange chifungidziro varidzi nendimi kupfuura zvakaipa: roora akapotsa haana, asi chokwadi, pachavo unhu mwenga wake anokudzwa Scots-Irish.

Secretary of Interior

In-matatu namashanu zera Churchill akava mushumiri mutemo nokugadzikana, akatora mumwe kiyi zvinzvimbo umambo. Zvino aifanira basa mapurisa guru, mabhiriji, migwagwa, mumajeri, kurima uye kunyange hove. Ndirwowo mutoro Gurukota Rezvinoitika Mukati Menyika, maererano netsika yekare Chirungu, waiva hunokosha kuvapo pakuzvarwa mumhuri youmambo, kuziviswa wenhaka pachigaro, achinyora mishumo basa Parliament, izvo chakaita Churchill kuti showcase mabhuku matarenda avo chemhando chechetere. Izvi akazviita nomufaro mukuru.

Pausiku hondo huru

Chokwadi chokuti "inotonhora" kunetsana pakati vapfumi nyika uye misha kunyimwa Germany uye Austria-Hungary tichikufunga kutanga kuva kunetsana "inopisa", munhu angave akapokana, asi kwete Winston Churchill. Pahwaro nemashoko vakawana kubva ubanguranyika uye nyanzvi pamusoro kudzivirira nyaya, zvakanga kuti Prime Minister ane gwaro iri uto nyaya muEurope, inodaro rinobatsira pekusadziviririka Kusaona hondo. Pashure paizvozvo, utungamiri munyika akatora pamusoro castling imwe mhando, swapping McKenna uye Churchill, somugumisiro iyo munyori akaudzwa kuwanikwa zvikepe, izvo kare akaramba. Maiva muna 1911, zvakakomba nezviitiko kutanga. Basa kugadzirira kuuya Royal Navy hondo wengarava gurukota idzva akabvunza.

hondo yokutanga

Izwi kweuto makakatanwa chave chichirondedzerwa nehurumende yeBritain pamwe yakakwana zvakarurama. Kwakajairika anofambisa wengarava muna 1914 vakanga yabviswa, yakavanzika kukwana kuunganidza kuitwa, mushure chinyakare achimisa yaJuly 17 Ngarava havasi akatumira dzavo nzvimbo nekutumirwa kwemauto zvachose, uye sezvakarayirwa Admiralty zvichachengetwawo wevasungwa yavo. Kwaitika hondo Central Powers Russia Churchill akatora basa kuzivisa zvizere kuunganidza pakati zvikepe, pasina kumirira chisarudzo nehurumende. Kutama aigona arasikirwe kudzingwa kwake, asi zvose akatendeuka akabuda, kusarudza kodzero, uye zuva pashure zviito ake akanga vanotenderwa. Chechina August, Britain kurwa neGermany uye Austria-Hungary.

pashure pehondo upenyu

Zvakaitika World Vokutanga vari yaizivikanwa: pashure pokukundwa Germany uye kuparara hweAustria-Hungary nyika, uye kunyanya kuti Europe, akatarisana nechinetso chiparadzirwe communism. Anti-Marxist nzvimbo kuti Winston Churchill akatora mashoko ake pamusoro penyaya anoratidza kudavira kudiwa kuparadza Bolshevik hurumende kuRussia. Asi West zvoupfumi, dzakaonda-gore mana aizourawa, havana vakagadzirira hombe-pamwero uto kupindira. Somugumisiro nekusagona reuto tinorwisana komiyunizimu vatungamiriri democratic Europe uye pasi pose vakamanikidzwa kubvuma utongi yeSoviet. Churchill muchinangwa pambiru Minister Hondo 1921 vakava yechipiri. Izvi, Chokwadi, chakamutsamwisa, asi dambudziko raiva mberi. Mugore iroro nayo vakatambura kutambudzika chaicho: rufu amai wokutanga (uye akanga asina akwegura, makore 67 chete), ipapo kwemakore maviri mwanasikana Merigold.

Kushingaira uye simba, uyewo basa idzva yakabatsira vaviri pakurwara anotyisa neshungu kaviri. Churchill zvakare akava gurukota nyuchi, asi sarudzo muna 1922 pakupedzisira pamwe nemafashamo: mu Paramende, arege kuwa. Churchill afunga kuzorora zvishoma nomudzimai wake kuFrance. Zvaiita kuti basa rake riri pamusoro.

Back to Parliament

In yokutanga yezana maviri Churchill aiva muvengi simba enyika - Bonar Law, uyo akashanda se wehurumende. Muna 1923, iye akarwara zvakakomba uye zvakawanda havachasungirwi akapora. With Baldwin - mutungamiriri mutsva vaiomerera - yanyadziswa enyika akakwanisa kutaura, asi kuedza maviri Paramende rokutanga vakakundikana kudzoka. On kechitatu, iye achiri akadzokera anoremekedzwa gungano, vachidikanwa sarudzo pedyo reruwa Epping uye panguva imwecheteyo vakagamuchira cheya gurukota Finance. Muna 1929 Labor Party chakatsiva vaiomerera musimba, uye mumakore gumi vanoshingaira hunhu Churchill akanga asingakwanisi kutaura. Aigona kutevedzera zviitiko muGermany, iyo nepakati thirties ukavandudzwa zvakajeka mune zvoupfumi uye zvehondo, kuva muedzo anokumhan'arira Britain.

prewar tarisiro

Shoma British enyika kunzwisisa basa avhiyesheni muhondo kudzika sezvakanga Winston Churchill kuuya. Photos uye newsreels, akakunda Neville Chamberlain t chibvumirano akasaina muMunich, vhidhiyo uchapupu hanya iyoyo European peacekeepers, richisvika zvichemo reNazi Germany muna yechipiri yezana thirties.

Zvichakadaro, mune Britain makore anenge maviri akaita hurumende komiti chakavanzika pakubata kudzorwa inoponesa kudzivirira nezvaanogona ose ehurumende. jongwe ake akanga Winston Churchill, ane mashoko pamusoro tarisiro vachifadza Hitler zvakasiyana kusava netariro. Akanga atova kusiyaniswa gangaidzo uye unconventional kufunga, nharo kuti achitarira kure mberi, pfupi anoona zvakanaka vanhu vaite. Winston vaifarira kukurira nokukurumidza uye zvenzara nyaya. Zvikurukuru, Nemhaka nesimba Committee of Royal Air Force apo hondo wakaunganidza murwi ndege "Spitfire" uye "Hurricane" kuti anogona kukunda "Messerschmitt".

Wakanakisisa awa, hondo yechipiri Germany

Pashure kurwiswa muPoland uye chiziviso hondo muGermany muna 1939 anenge makore maviri pamusoro Hitlerism Britain akarwa oga. Day June 22, 1941 waiva Churchill yezororo. Kudzidza pamusoro kurwisa German pamusoro USSR, akaziva kuti hondo anogona kunzi akunda. Winston Churchill, ane Biography kwaiva nechokuita hondo chiKomonizimu aida chinhu panguva iyoyo sekuda kubudirira Red Army. Ari akaoma ezvoupfumi ezvinhu, United Kingdom akagovera rubatsiro mauto kuti Soviet Union, achivapa motikari yehondo. Kugona kubayira kunyange zvake zvitendero nokuda nyika yavo chiratidzo Patriot wechokwadi uye vakachenjera enyika. Zvisinei, kutsauka uku pfungwa kwaiva kwenguva duku uye involuntary. Chakaziviswa uye akaratidza tsitsi vokuSoviet chikatsiviwa utsinye nokuda pakutanga musangano "Big Three" muna Potsdam.

Munguva yehondo, nesarudzo unhu zvinozarurwa zvakajeka zvikuru. Ndaiva asingasiyi uye Winston Churchill. Biography naye mumakore iwayo akapinda chakajeka danho, izvozvo zvakakwana rinobatanidza achitsetsenura vachikwanisa bvumidza nemauto-enyika uye zvoupfumi nyaya. Concise, kutaura kwake kwakanga kwakaoma kuzoshevedza asiwo vamwe mashoko ake mazhinji, Britain akawana zvavakanga waishaiwa kuvimba kukunda uye nemweya wakanaka. Zvisinei, mumwe aphorisms ake akaratidza pfungwa kuti kunyarara kazhinji chiratidzo chokuti munhu pasina kutaura. Iye akatiwo kuti chete vagari Albion anogona kufara kuti zvinhu zvakaipa. Pakanga pasina mutemo muUnited Kingdom, iyo yave yakakurumbira zvakadaro, sezvo Winston Churchill. Quotes kubva kutaura ake vakapfuura mumwe vanotambura kubhombiwa uye kushayiwa vanhu kuLondon Coventry, Liverpool uye Sheffield. Vakawanda vanomanikidzwa kunyemwerera. Raiva awa mutungamiriri wehurumende.

pashure pakurwa,

The Second World War yakapera. Winston Churchill akasiya pakupera May 1945, unogovera kubva weConservative Party unotevera sarudzo. Eya, uyu ndiwo Western gutsaruzhinji, idzo kuchangobva, asi dzaenda kubudirira zvinorevei zvishoma. Aphorisms pamusoro Winston Churchill pamusoro chimiro ichi hurumende, akasiyana chaiyo utsinye, richisvika kuna kutsoropodza. Saka, iye zvikuru zvakakomba vaisimbirira kuti hweruzhinji ndiye chete zvakanaka kuti vamwe nzira kumhanya nyika kunyange kuipa, asi mapfumo pasi payo, chete zvakakwana kuva shoma nehurukuro ne "paavhareji voter."

Zvisinei, kutyisidzira kuti nyika zhinji dzichava kunyange kuipa, aiva chaiyeiye pashure pehondo. Paitonga Stalin komiyunizimu vakatamira panyika, vachishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana - kubva simba tisingazvioni kutendeka. Hondo Yemashoko yakatanga pakarepo pashure kukunda fascism, asi kwakaratidzwa achishandisa rwokutaura US muguta Fulton, kuti muna 1946, musi waMarch 5, chaizvo makore manomwe asati afa Iosifa Stalina, Winston Churchill akati. Interesting zvinhu uye zvinongoitika zvoga vaimuperekedza kwoupenyu hwake. Taurai enyika British akanga chokuita "Sekuru Joe", sezvo enyika Western rinonzi mutungamiriri weSoviet Joseph Stalin. Ruvengo uye kuramba Marxist pfungwa unobatanidzwa Churchill aine kuremekedza zvechokwadi kunoshamisa unhu womunhu, yekare taura kwayo, muvengi.

Kufarira ndiyo nhamba wehurumende kuti doro. Maererano naye, akamuka kunwa zvinopfuura akapa. Pakukwegura, Churchill vaitoseka kuti kana haana kunwa asati adya chisvusvuro achiri muduku, asi ikozvino ane mumwe mutemo: chero nyaya varege kutora doro anonwa pamberi kwemangwanani. Maererano Kuyeuka muzukuru wake, sekuru akatanga zuva negirazi whiskey (kwete chikamu chiduku chakadai), asi akadhakwa haana kuona munhu uye haana. Chokwadi, tsika idzi havana titevedzere, asi, sezvo yokuRussia chinoti, kubva rwiyo mashoko havagoni vadzime.

Interesting uye mabhuku mabasa akanyorwa Winston Churchill. Bhuku rinotaura yaitonga hondo, kunyanya pazuva Afghan uye Boer mishandirapamwe, pakurwisa nyika komiyunizimu, uyewo mamwe mabhuku zviitiko zvizhinji umo munyori muchirongwa. Magwaro akasiyana guru manyorerwo anokunyengedzera zvinosetsa kuri mumashoko ichi kunoshamisa murume.

Premiership Churchill aiva mukana kaviri kubata. Last nguva akatungamirira hurumende yeBritain muna 1951 kusvika 77 makore. Old zera zvakakanganisa mukuru ezvinhu muviri, vakaicheka vawedzere zvakaoma. "Sir Winston Churchill" - saka muna 1953, apo wechiduku Elizabeth II - mambokadzi mutsva England - paakavapa kwaari Order of Garter, anofanira kushandisa wehurumende. Greater rukudzo mitemo British regai kupa. Akava knight, uye yakakwirira munzanga anoonekwa kuva mambo.

Anoonekana zvematongerwo enyika!

Akafukidzwa chidzitiro pachivande sei vasara kunze enyika makuru, Winston Churchill. Brief Biography, dzidza British vechikoro uye vadzidzi, rinopa mashoko kuitwa yokurega ake pasina kunyanyisa hype muna 1955. Kubviswa kubva simba rakanga zvishoma nezvishoma, nokuti anenge mwedzi mina. Kuremekedzana, kuremekedza uye nounyanzvi kwakaratidzwa vekambani of UK panguva iyi, akakodzera rinokosha panotaurwa. The upenyu hwose mutemo yakatsaurirwa kushumira munyika uye kutarisira zvarwo, uye izvi Zvakacherechedzwa ne mibayiro yakawanda (zvose youmambo uye dzimwe).

Great Churchill akararama kwemamwe makore gumi. A enguva itsva, hondo yokuVietnam, ari kure, vaduku vanhu vakaenda sebenzi nezvifananidzo zvavo, "Rolling Stone" uye "The Beatles" kukunda nyika, "ruva vana" - hippies - vakaparidza yezvisikwa rudo, uye zvakaita zvose saka kusiyana svetsko- enyika upenyu pakutanga remakore, kana Winston wechiduku akatanga ake refu rwendo mune zvematongerwo enyika.

Akafa kunoshamisa premieres mukutanga 1965. Akasvibirira multi-zuva yokuoneka mhemberero hakusi muduku yakatarwa pemariro youmambo. nzvimbo yake yokuzorora chokupedzisira Churchill akawana inotevera vabereki vake nguva dzose matunhu neminisiparati kumakuva Blandon.