WeOPEC nyika - nyika navadzvanyiriri mitengo

Nhasi, nyaya nemafuta dzokubudisa uye redistribution ndizvo zvakaita kuti adaro pakugadzirwa nyika mitengo kuti zvinhu uye zvinhu kuti kushandisa pave munyika mashoko Exchange, uye kunyange kukura kana kuderera hwenyika yose kumatunhu ose. Uye chikuru basa weOPEC nyika vanotambira azvaiitwa.

History uye zvikonzero inotungamirwa weOPEC

Organization of Petroleum kwekurasira Countries, nani kuzivikanwa muna Russian chidimbu sezvo Kusangano nyika - Petroleum kwekurasira Countries (weOPEC), ane yakatangira 1960. Ipapo 5 nyika vakasarudza kumisa urongwa kuti dai waidzora Vhoriyamu kugadzirwa mari mudhiramu mafuta pamusoro pamusika dzakawanda. chibvumirano kwakadaro wacho wakasainwa shanu inoti, izvo Venezuela akava, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Iran uye Kuwait. Gare gare vakanga vakabatana nedzimwe nyika dzinoverengeka, uye kutanga 90s kuwanda 13 nhengo.

Zvisinei, mumakore gumi adarika kubva XX remakore, weOPEC akasiya Ecuador (1992) uye Gabon (1994), rokutanga akadzorera nhengo dzaro muna 2007. Indonesia zvakare nokuda munyika zvikonzero vakasarudza zvokugumisa nhengo dzaro musangano muna 2009. Nhasi sangano chinosanganisira Venezuela, Iraq, Saudi Arabia (mutungamiriri reserves mafuta), Iran, Kuwait, Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Kuwait, Libya, United Arab Emirates uye Nigeria.

Countries, weOPEC, kutevera vasingadi zvinangwa zviviri: kutanga dzinokodzera kwavari mutengo zvakawanda mafuta uye redistribution pamusoro quotas pamusoro kunze kwenyika yacho. Asi panguva imwe chete, rinoti izvi havazezi kushandisa utungamiri kwayo kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvematongerwe. Muenzaniso wakanaka nezviito izvi kwaiva kutanga zvirango pamusoro United States muna 1973 nokuda kutsigirwa azvino Israeri Arab-Israeli kunetsana. Vamwe vaongorori vanowanzomuitira kudavira kuti vakawanda zvoupfumi nematambudziko remakore rechimakumi maviri vakanga wakatsamwisa nokuda sangano.

WeOPEC Nyika waidzora dzokubudisa kuti "ndarama dema" nemhaka yavo ezvinhu mune zvoupfumi. Zviito zvakadaro mukaruramiswa nokuti kune vakawanda mugodhi uye mafuta kunze kwenyika ndivo vanonyanya mutsetse Anoumba bhajeti zveminda munyika.

Simba uye simba

Dzose pamusoro weOPEC, rakatarira zvimwe zvinetso. Nyanzvi kusiyanisa mana makuru mumapoka: vanachandagwinyira evanhu gradation chavagari, kwezvinhu backwardness, vanhu underdeveloped National kurovedza maitiro uye asinganzwisisi kushandiswa kuwana purofiti.

Maererano nemararamiro, ari weOPEC nyika dziri mapoka mapoka maviri: asi super-vapfumi nevarombo. Pamatunhu-upenyu ehurumende munoperevedza vanhu, nepo varombo - nhamba yevanhu kukasapfuura musoro nemiganhu. Panyaya iyi, kutanga kugamuchira zvinokosha Investments, uye chechipiri kuerera ari kuvimba dzimwe vaipa. kuparadzana uku vaizongoguma kunoita kuti tibvunze vamwe kusiyana Pfungwa okukura matungamirire.

Zvikurukuru tichifunga mafuta, nhengo dzakawanda weOPEC kuona kuti anofanira kuva kwavo kwesayenzi chawo pachavo. Vakazvimirira, muchiitiko ichi pane Saudi Arabia uye Brazil chete. nyika idzi takakwanisa munguva refocus National sayenzi kuwedzera muzvigadzirwa chawo revarombo. Vamwe Member States vanovimba achibatsirwa dzimwe makambani pamwe pahwaro zvokubvumira zvibvumirano.

Zvishoma nezvishoma zvichiitika kubva rapfuura dambudziko, rinowanika uye kushaya vashandi zvikuru vanonyatsokwanisa, izvo zvaizoita zvinobudirira kushandisa achangobuda zviitiko uye kuti optimize peturu kugadzirwa rikurumidze. vanachiremba ava kunyanya kubva kunze kwenyika, izvo kazhinji ichiita kusanzwisisa pakati vomunzvimbo.

Zvisinei, pasinei vatatu nematambudziko dzataurwa, pane mumwe gakava pfungwa - Purofiti kubva pakutengeswa mafuta uye zvaro. The euphoria wavo kwakatora chaizvoizvo yose yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Mari yakati nokusachenjera, uye pachinzvimbo mari kukura mamwe manyuko mari weHurumende bhajeti, vakanga vari tariro zvachose zvirongwa. Panguva ino zvinhu yachinja: munyika murombo mari dziri paakapiwa mune zveupfumi uye zvemagariro zvirongwa (kunyange nguva inobudirira), mupfumi - pamusoro pokumuka mamwe manyuko mari.

Sangano - Petroleum kwekurasira Countries (weOPEC) nhasi chaizvo chishandiswa chine simba kuchinja ezvoupfumi uye enyika kwendangariro. Zvisinei, dzomunyika zvinetso inoti - nhengo vasiri zvinobudirira kutanga pachavo. kupokana kwakadaro mune simba uye utera achaita kurasikirwa aitungamirira nzvimbo munyika mafuta indasitiri, kana kwete zvachose.