Viktor Savinykh, Soviet cosmonaut: Biography, mhuri, mibayiro

Viktor Savinykh - Soviet cosmonaut, kuti 50th ari mazita avo muSoviet Union akakwanisa achibhururuka muchadenga. Over hwose, akanga matatu kuenda, panguva imwe iro akakwanisa kuenda noruvazhe. Tinofanira kugara nguva ndege zvose - anopfuura 252 mazuva.

Biography

Viktor Savinykh - asitironati Biography rwaaimboparadza aizivikanwa vagari vazhinji Soviet, nokuti vanhu vakaita kwaari, akatarisa yose nyika vaidada pavo, zvakaenzana kwavari.

Future asitironati akaberekwa mumusha muduku Berezkin, riri Oricheskom yeRwizi Kirov nharaunda. rokuberekwa kwake - March 7, 1940. Achiri muduku akanga ari hondo, nokukurumidza pashure mukukunda Viktor Savinykh akaenda kuchikoro. Akapedza kudzidza nayo, kufanana nezvimwe vadzidzi Soviet mumakore 17. Kuva dzidzo akapiwa chesekondari, Victor vakapinda Perm Railway College, umo dhipuroma iri kuvakwa zvinodiwa akanga akanyorwa "Rairoad mukoti."

On mberi mudiki VP Savinykh haana akamira uye muna 1969 kudzidza kubva Institute pamwechete kodzero "zvokuimba injiniya chiremba wemaziso." Zvisinei, kunyange izvozvo zvakanga zvisina kukwana kwaari, saka akanga akapedza yechikoro tsika chete - kubva Moscow Institute of Geodesy uye Cartography. Pashure wake kudzidza kubva miteva panyaya "Zvinetso dzidziso pamusoro chitundumusere-musere mu Earth muchadenga" akadzivirirwa.

Pashure mumwe makore 5 akatsigira doctorate wake buritsa anoenderana zvezvakatipoteredza matambudziko mhepo musoro. Pashure paizvozvo, akasarudza kutanga basa Wenyika, nokuti zvaakanga aifanira kuwana chitupa pakati nedzenyu Academy.

nzvimbo

Viktor Savinykh akatanga basa rake muna 1960, kushanda ari foromani pane ari Sverdlovsk njanji. Mumakore 60-63 akashanda muSoviet Army mu kuchiteshi mauto.

The Design Office of Queen vakauya muna 1969. Akatanga basa rake panguva ino ive injiniya, makore 20 pamudyandigere musoro zvakaoma.

Muna 1975, Viktor Savinykh rave mvumo Chief Medical Board, pahwaro iyo makore matatu gare gare - muna December 1978 - kurumbidza kwacho chakaitwa kunyoresa Asava mutendi mutsva ari kukupfura. Nokuti zviitiko izvi pamwero zvose zvakaitika kusimba kutsanya. Savinykh pachake anotsanangura ichi nokutaura kuti aiziva ndege kwazvo, ndokumugadzika kubva inception. Akauya KB panguva apo basa racho chete papepa, saka Viktor vaimuperekedza akapotsa kubva nguva "pamuviri". Kugadzwa sokuedzwa cosmonaut wakasainwa musi 8 December 1978 gore.

Pamwechete boka, iyo iri kutarisirwa yemapurisa "Salyut-6", muchirongwa pre-gadziriro asati May 1980.

October 1978 - chitubu 1980 - iri mubishi mukugadzirira bvunzo ndege iri "Soyuz T-2." Bvunzo vakatsanangurwa vakabudirira basa, asi panenge pamberi kutanga, akaudzwa kuti chikepe kaviri kutiza, saka akatorwa kubva chirongwa.

Quite zvisingatarisirwi, zvakanzi kune rimwe basa, saka muna October uye November 1980, kugadzirira mumwe chirongwa. Namarudzi vakabudirira kuvakwa asitironati akagadzwa kutiza injiniya rechipiri rikarira akagadzirirwa kuti bvunzo kutiza "Soyuz T-3".

Muna December 1980, akatanga okupedzisira gadziriro pakutanga kusvikira "Salyut-6", iro yakaguma muna February '81. The wechishanu chikuru rwendo Viktor Savinykh akava kuenda neherikoputa injiniya chengetedza rakarira. Zvisinei, pashure tikaongorora Komisheni asarudza vakariisa pamwe V. Kovalenko kune mukuru rikarira apo Andreev uye Zudov dzava kushandisa negadziriro yeparutivi marongerwo.

musikana ndege

ndege My rokutanga chairo, Viktor Savinykh, cosmonaut, akanga akamirira chaiwo Kutarira. Pakutanga yakaitwa March 12, 1981. hofisi yake mukati memazuva 74, maawa 17 uye maminitsi 37 uye 23 nemasekonzi urwo rwakatora ndege, - ndege injiniya. Callsign iyi - Photon-2. ndege ino, kusiyana nevamwe vakawanda, kusanganisira chokwadi chokuti kanda kwakaitika manheru. Mushure yasimuka, ari muchadenga kunoongorora akatarisana nebasa rakawanda, saka vakamanikidzwa gadziridza purogiramu yake pachine. Vakaenda kuna kunorara mangwanani, akamuka apo vakasara Muscovites vakanga kugadzirira kunorara. Kamwe chisarudzo pamusoro ndege akanga pakupedzisira wokurera, akaudzwa kuti Viktor anova mashanu Soviet cosmonaut uye №100 pamusoro zvinodiwa dzakawanda.

Pamberi kutiza, sezvo disinfecting vezvokurapa zvakaipa kushumira doro. Savinykh anoyeuka sei chiremba vaitoseka kuti zvino utachiona vanotoda invulnerable. In nhasi Victor akanyora tsamba wake uye vabereki. The hamvuropu akaisa pikicha iye anoratidzwa umo mune spacesuit. Mhuri yakanga kumuona ari chimiro ichi, uye vaisagona kunyange kufunga kuti panguva iyi rwunotumirwa chitundumuseremusere kuti achakurumidza kuziviswa ake kutiza.

Vadzokera Earth Savinykh akayeuka kuti vatinoshanda vakaedza zvakaoma chaizvo kuti iye kuseka, zviite kubva mufaro. Mumwe wavo zvikuru zvakakomba akaomerera kuti kuisa skis iri nhumbi Bay, apo unogona kumhanya kumativi njanji nzvimbo. vimbiso idzi dzaiva saka chakakomba uye hwakadzama kuti Savinykh vaisagona kubatsira asi kunyemwerera.

Apo vatori akabvunza risati ratanga chii vachagara kusuwa vari muchadenga, Savinykh akati kuti haana kuziva, asi panguva isina ndiyo nzvimbo.

Chinangwa basa raiva reactivation ari "Salyut-6" chiteshi, izvo dzimwe nguva kare akarasikirwa papi. Zviri mukati nhepfenyuro "Vakafa" Savinykh kutanga akaedza achibhururuka razero negiravhiti. Kwete pakarepo, asi nokukurumidza akaziva kuti chisarudzo pamusoro kutungamirirwa inofamba panofanira kuva ndege - iri ndege panguva pfura asina njere. Kusvikira wasvika rimwe pamusoro, hazvibviri kuchinja chinhu.

Achidzokera kubva pakutanga kutiza, kubva asitironati akaudza nomufaro pamusoro sei yakanaka redu ndechokuti pachiso saka hazvibviri kufungidzira. Kuona zvisingaperi kubuda (nokuti mazuva muchadenga, unogona kuona navo 16 times), Viktor akayeuka upenyu Urals, mangwanani yavo yakachena, yakanaka kunhuwidza. Kungava zvino vaifungidzira kuti zvaizova kutarira redu kubva muchadenga? Zvechokwadi, kunyange zvangu zviroto wildest izvi hazvina kuitika.

Nekushamisika uye Savinykh kuudzwa chii nechinhu maruva akazaruka kubva muchadenga. Aurora akaita zvinhu zvisingafi pfungwa paari, kunyanya sezvo muchadenga kunoongorora vakakwanisa kushanyira mwoyo chiitiko ichi. Uyewo firimu, maererano vacherechedzi, hakusi kugona kubereka kupfuma pamusoro mavara, iyo vakakwanisa kuchengeta kubva muchadenga.

The ndege yechipiri

Rakanga wakarebesa kutiza nevaya rakawira Savinykh. Akazosvika inenge 4 months rwendo kuti "Salyut-7". Danho rokutanga raiva kudzorerwa mashandiro dzose chechitima. Pamwe Dzhanibekov akapa nemigumisiro yakanaka: chirimwa waivako rakadzorerwa. Sezvo chikamu basa iri Savinykh akapinda muchadenga. Ndichishanda kunze kweareka maawa 5.

Basa urongwa rechipiri kutotanga vaisanganisira Vasyutin uye Volkova, asi nokuda chirwere Vasyutin ndege aifanira kupedza mangwanani. Savinykh akagadzwa wehondo vashandi.

ndege ino anyanya dzinokwana mazuva 168 maawa 3 51 maminitsi 8 seconds.

Akadzidzisa pamusoro "Mir", shure achidzokera Earth, gamba redu somunhu onboard injiniya - dzibhururuke pamusoro Os "Mir". Muchiitiko chokutanga vashandi kwave kudzokororwa rechipiri - pokupedzisira.

Wechitatu ndege

Viktor Savinykh, cosmonaut nhamba 50 munyika, akaita ndege yake yokupedzisira yake basa '88. Sezvo nendege injiniya kubva 7 June 17 akatora mugove basa iri spaceship "Soyuz TM-5".

Mazuva maviri pashure nokuparura chitundumusere-musere yacho pamwe nzvimbo yemapurisa, iyo vakavhiyiwa chikuru rwendo wechina. Station "Mir" afadza pamusoro vatsva. Kuita mabasa ose kwemajoini kutiza, vashandi vemo vakadzokera Earth. rwendo Izvi zvaishamisa kuti, pamwe chete Soviet cosmonauts chiteshi "Mir" vaipinda nyanzvi kubva kuBulgaria.

ndege iyi yakatora 9 mazuva, maawa 20, 9 maminitsi mumasekonzi 19.

upenyu Personal

The musikana, uyo akazova mudzimai wake, Victor akasangana apo kukoreji muna Perm. Chinhu chokutanga akaona - sei nyore uye vakasununguka akatamba Lily. Yakasarudza kuti aizoenda kumba kuona kumba, chii chaizvoizvo varambe vachifara ramangwana asitironati. Aida mitambo, akanga achiparidza mitambo uye aiva shasha skier, zvichiita zvaizivikanwa kutarisirwa uye nyota nokuda. Mukadzi Viktora Savinyh akaberekwa February 23, 41, zita rake raamai vemusikana - Menshikov. Liliya Alekseevna aishanda somudzidzisi Chaiko Education Department of Moscow Forestry Institute.

Viktor Savinykh, vane mhuri yaiva mwana vabereki, iye munun'una wake, wakamutswa mwanasikana mumwe, akaberekerwa August 12, 1968. Valentine hwose baba vanozvikudza, haana kupinda makwara ake. Zvazova zvipenyu.

upenyu pashure

Muna 1988, Viktor ave akabvuma kuti pambiru Rector. Aifungidzira utungamiriri kuyunivhesiti, apo akadzidza apfuura - MIIGAiK. Kwapera gore, asitironati basa rakanga pamusoro pamutemo, pashure iyo kusvikira 1992 Savinykh aiva mutungamiriri weSoviet Union vanhu vake. Doctor sciences hwokugadzira Viktor Petrovich ndiye 1990.

Pari, aichimbova asitironati ave mupepeti wemagazini "Russian Space". Iye - ane honorary mugari weguta Kirov, apo mune kukudzwa kwake shongwe. Uyezve, zita asitironati basa rimwe mapuraneti zviduku.

chinokudza

Panguva yake basa refu, uye nemhaka pakutsvakurudza Savinykh vakakunda mibayiro yakawanda uye mazita okuremekedza. Kakawanda akava weNobel zvakasiyana-siyana ehurumende mibayiro, Knight pakati mirairo Lenin, "Nokuti munorumbidzirweiko" menduru "Gold Star", akanga paakavapa ari menduru "Nokuti dhigirii ari ubanguranyika nzvimbo," uye vamwe vakawanda. Uyezve, akaramba vakagamuchira zita gamba.

Kaviri akava gamba yeSoviet Union. Akanga paakavapa musoro muna 1981 uye 1985.

Muna 1981 akagamuchira zita Hero of Mongolian vanhu Republic, mumakore manomwe - rakafanana Republic of kuBulgaria.

Sezvo 1981 - Soviet cosmonaut.

Kwete nyika yedu isu chaizvo mabasa Savinykh, muParis, ndiye nhengo International Academy of Astronautics. Uyezve, iye nhengo International Academy of Engineering uye Computer Science of Academy. Sezvo 2006 Ndiye runoenzanirana nhengo Russian Academy of Sciences.

Outdoor mabasa

Viktor Savinykh nguva dzose akatungamirira chaizvo nemagariro upenyu. Aiva mutevedzeri of USSR, nhengo Environmental Committee, akanga achitiza kuti Duma kaviri, asi zvose nguva havana nevasanagurwa vanhu. Ko purezidhendi Swimming Federation, nhengo presidium pamusoro nzanga philatelists, ndiyo nhengo vakawanda vakasiyana-siyana zvikuru. Muna 2010, pakati pamusoro matatu ndandanda United Russia vebato bazi Kirov of sarudzo neungano wehurumende. Muna 2011 iye akasarudzwa.

zvinhu

Vachiri mudzidzi Savinykh akapindwa muropa Skiing akazova kufarira hove, kuvhima, tenesi uye chido Zvikwenzi Skiing. Zvino, muna pasinei zvokuita, Viktor anoedza kupa zvemitambo uye zvinhu zvakawanda nguva sezvinobvira kuti arege kurasikirwa kugwinya.

Kunyange iye zvino kurarama aimbova asitironati muMoscow, iye anoedza ose gore kuuya kwake chizvarwa Vyatka, kupinda musango, hove vanoziva kubva pauduku enzizi.

chinyorwa

Viktor ndiye muvambi "The Earth iri kumirira uye tariro," rakanyorwa muna 1983, "Notes kubva kuvakafa chiteshi", yakapedzwa muna 1999, "Geography kubva Space", akasikwa 2000, uye "Vyatka. Baikonur. Cosmos ", iro basa imwe asitironati muna 2002 uye 2010.

Uyezve, iye mushandirapamwe authored akasiyana-siyana mabhuku chakatsaurwa kuti nzvimbo uye zvakatipoteredza.