The rokutonga kuchinja zvinhu 1864 mu Russia

Pakutonga kuchinja kubva 1864 kunoratidzwa somugumisiro dambudziko iri Russian muvanhu. The kukundwa muna Crimean Hondo 1856, akaumba preconditions nokuda kwezvisikwa munhu echimurenga ezvinhu. Kuongorora zviri kuitika munyika, Alexander II anonzwisisa kudiwa kuchinja munyika. Rokutonga zvinhu muna 1864 achinja feudal maitiro munyika. Iri raiva zvinokosha mberi kukura Russian munzanga.

The pre-okuchinja dare mamiriro kunoratidzwa kuvhiringidzika, kunzwisisa Maitiro zvinodiwa, pasina Bar, vatongi, mitumbi mizhinji, tsvuku tepi, batanidza, muboka revatungamiriri.

In feudal Russia panguva iyoyo akanga hunodzorwa uzkososlovnaya dare hurongwa, yakananga kuvimba kwokubatsira. Muzviitiko zvakawanda uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana inquisitorial hunhu acho, rakanga yakavakirwa wevakadzidza hunopupurirwa dzidziso. Rokutonga zvinhu muna 1864 vakauya kuchinja marongerwo.

Kushandurwa akaratidza zvinodiwa bourgeoisie - boka kuti vanofanira kusimbisa nzvimbo yavo. Izvi zvinogona kuwanika chete kuburikidza igadziridzwe rakanga, kunyange wevakadzidza, vakauya vose kururamisira. Kunyange zvakadaro, nyaya kuchinja zvinhu 1864 kwakauraya nheyo Bourgeois legality. Kushandurwa akaratidza achinyanya munhanganyaya pamutemo basa, achikwezva vatongi, muchuchisi wacho hofisi nokubatanidzwazve. Kuchinja pfungwa uye sangano idzva dzamavanze uye nezvamakatonga muitiro.

It akaumba inobudirira uye yepakutanga hurongwa. Pakutonga nemitemo 1864 vakabatsira kukura mamiriro ichi. Saka, nyika itsva ine subsystems vaviri vakabatana mukuru muviri - Seneti. Nemamiriro kwaisanganisira matare pose uye zvayo, mapazi aya, uyewo, raisanganisira mitumbi chinokosha hwaHerodhi (zvokutengeserana, dunhu, mauto, etc.), izvo anopa paumbwe dzimwe mutemo.

Rokutonga zvinhu muna 1864 kwakaita kuti pakusikwa zvavo matare. By pakutanga anonzi muruwa zviremera. Mumwe dunhu anosimbisa dare kuti kufunga mhosva uye vehurumende nyaya, izvo haana kuiswawo pakati yezvinoreva wenharaunda yaitongwa veDare runyararo.

Pamwe izvi, kuchinja itsva yakaumbwa muna vatevedzere mutemo.

Hurumende rakaumbwa, saka kuti itsva maonero uye kunzwisisa kururamisira uye kwemitemo.

Mitemo Legal mune pre-echimurenga Russia yainzi mitemo kubvumirwa muna 1864, 20 November:

1. Mutemo kudare rinotonga uchatamisa simba kuna Congress of Vatongi, wedunhu, munyika yose eMweya, Imba uye Seneti.
2. The Charter of marangirwo zvavakatemerwa ne nematare vehurumende '. Code ichi inorondedzera mhosva maitiro enyika uye magariro evanhu, kuitira zvakanaka, uye zvimwe zvinhu. mhosva aya kure "Mutemo Code pamusoro correctional uye mhosva mirango."
3. Mutemo mhosva muitiro. Criminal Procedure Code inorondedzera kugona ari kudzokorora akakodzera kacho. Uyezve, mutemo ndiye nzira inoshandiswa munyika uye vaiita namano, ari mukuru zvokudya. Pachishandiswa vakatsunga remitemo uye chikuru pavaipfuura zvekufamba.
4. Charter pamusoro Civil Procedure. Code of Civil Procedure chakasiyana nyaya zvakanaka munzvimbo vehurumende uye pakutonga uye okutarisira, pasi pose yakaiswa.

Somugumisiro zvinhu kushandura kwete chete nemamiriro dzeutongi. Zvakange akaumba itsva, Bourgeois-democratic Misimboti pezvakaitwa utariri kwakavakirwa makwikwi, mbirikira, orality. Gadzira mamwe nhengo anobudiswa kushandisa nesarudzo hurongwa. Rakanga wo kuumbwa uye zvakakwana pachena mamiriro matare.