Temple blachernitissa Holy Amai muna Kuzminki (Moscow)

Nokuti mhuri Stroganov vatengesi taimbova nyore Pomor vanhuwo zvavo, 1716 akava chaizvo unotambudza. Chinosekesa, akapedza kuvaka chechi, zvikuru chakavakwa nekuda icon, kamwe chema kwaari chokuita nokuda chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich! Zviri kuvake ichi Hwedu Lady pamusoro Blachernae, uye akapa zita raro kereke, kwaakaramba kubvira, uye mumusha, rwakazokura kuzivikanwa Vlakhernskoe.

Mabviro icon

Zita icon kunobva zita chikamu kuti weConstantinople, iyo yaimbova temberi rutumba ichi. Under wake patronage hazvina chete kuConstantinople, asi yose Byzantium. Chronicles iyoyo dzinotaura sei, mugore 626 parutivi minyengetero, akakwira pamberi icon, Holy Amai vaMwari akaponesa guta kubva yakakuwandira kuti nechisimba. Pashure pemazana emakore akawanda, watova Russia, simba rayo zvishamiso kuchaita kuonekwa munguva chirwere chekorera muna 1830. Akaramba akaisa vagari vose Kuzminok apo akanga, uye vose vagere yakapoteredza misha kubva inotyisa chirwere.

Icon ichi haana munhuwo. zvisikwa zvayo iri anonzi muvhangeri Luke, akararama panguva imwe chete uye mumwe wevaapostora vaJesu Kristu. Icon akaitwa zororo uye rakasiyana voskomastiki rwokugadzira. Muratidze kuti chaiva chokwadi kuti wakisi wakawedzera razmelchonnye zvisaririra zvevasande. The mufananidzo hunovapo nenzira iyi anonzi reliquary.

The pakuonekwa icon kuRussia

Zvinozivikanwa kuti V remakore zvakaitika kuConstantinople, panguva iyoyo raiva guta guru renyika yechiKristu, uye kubva ikoko - Mutsvene Mount Athos. Muna ra1654, iro Athonite mamongi akauisa Moscow uye akapa vaizviita pamambo Alexis, uye iyewo, akapa tsvene Stroganov. Nokuti icon uye womuti sangano Our Lady pamusoro Blachernae izvozvo yakavakwa.

Asi chechi yemapuranga zvisingawanzoitiki inowira upenyu hurefu. chechi iyi vakamira chete gumi uye akapisa mumoto, asi kuda kwaMwari icon anokosha akaponeswa. Zvegore, wakati akumbira chikomborero Mutongo bhishopi mukuru, akatanga kuvaka imwe chechi itsva, asiwo yematanda, asi akanga akamirira zvinoitirwa sapakutanga. Muna 1758 somugumisiro "moto kuputswa-winded," iye akafa. Asi nguva ino tsvene rikaparadzirwa mumoto.

Kuvakwa chivako ibwe chechi

Pakazosvika nguva munda moto Stroganoff mhuri Kuzminki wakapfuurira nhaka mhuri Count Golitsyn. Vazukuru Omani Grand Duke Gediminas, ivo kwemazana emakore vave ikure hurumende. gore rino ndiyo makore mazana matanhatu kubva vakatanga ushumiri hwavo.

Kwapera gore, zvakatanga kuvakwa kereke ibwe pamusoro panzvimbo chechi chinopiswa vakamira. Gadzira basa uye kugadzira anoshanda Earl akarayira mapurani IP Zherebtsov akanga mubasa redevelopment uye vavakezve yose wemunda. Akapinda nhoroondo mapurani, somumiririri wenyika Baroque manyorerwo. Uyezve, zita rake riri kusonganirana mirayiridzo, chakazonzi mangwanani Moscow classicism. Kwemakore akawanda akatarisira zvose rokuvaka iri wemunda.

Architectural zviri muchechi itsva

Nheyo ibwe kuvaka temberi makono akaisa chinyakare kuti machechi Russian tetrahedral kudzika chikamu chivakwa, uye vawedzera musoro octagonal Drum. Naizvozvo akavaka machechi akawanda yeOrthodox yeRussia. emapuranga octagonal shongwe bhero yakavakwa pedyo. All kushongedzwa wekereke yakaitwa muna Baroque manyorero. Muna 1762, kuvaka yakapedzwa yose, asi pakupedzisira akadzokera mu makore ane gumi namaviri.

Kuzminki kuchamuka aiva kuzvikudza kwezvose Golitsyn, uye kuvandudzika yaro, havana tsitsi mari. Muna 1784 vakanga vakokwa yakakurumbira Moscow mapurani RR Kazakov, mumwe mboni yakakurumbira V. I. Bazhenova, uyo akashanda naye rimwe basa ari Big Kremlin Palace. Akatanga vavakezve temberi, maererano mapurani zvinodiwa nguva.

vavakezve temberi

R. P. Kazakov akachinja tetrahedral huru chivakwa chirongwa dzeraundi, akaumba muchimiro dhiramu, uye chitsauko pamusoro overbuilt. Kumativi mana chivako vaiva napo vane decoration matanho uye namabiravira. Mukwanisi zvinonyatsorehwa nziyo mubhedha ibwe bhero shongwe. Saka temberi blachernitissa Holy Amai muna Kuzminki akava yaizivikanwa hurukuro.

Munguva Hondo 1812, temberi kwave kuchiita kuparadza zvikuru. Vakanga chakabiwa zvinhu kereke ndiro uye mifananidzo. Paiva zvenyu nezvokutambudzika dzakawanda zviitiko zvinhu zvitsvene akenda French nemasoja. At kukokwa of Golitsyn basa rake kudzorerwa yakanakisisa ezvivako. Muna 1819 akanga vatsvene zvachose reconstructed chapero St. Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Zvisinei, basa mutemberi yakatora makore mashomanana zvikuru. Vakararama akanyora pamusoro zvinoshamisa machena iconostasis mu muganhu ichi. Above kwakashanda zvakanaka vematombo nyika. Takakokwa akakurumbira Ural vanatenzi.

Pane uchapupu hwakawanda hunoratidza kuti temberi blachernitissa Holy Amai muna Kuzminki nguva pamberi vanhu vemhuri mutongo. Somuenzaniso, muna 1828, Empress Maria Fedorovna kumamwe munoshongedza mifananidzo anokosha chishongo maparera uye mangoda. Muna 1858 temberi akashanyirwa Emperor Alexander II. Uyezve, zvinoitwa Kuzminki akaona vamwe vamiririri House of Romanov zhinji. Sezvo 1859 temberi yaiva paguva mhuri Golitsyn. Mumakore yokutanga XX remakore yakanga akadzorerwa zvakare uye vatsvene.

Njodzi kereke mushure chimurenga

Pashure pokuchinja kereke blachernitissa Holy Amai muna Kuzminki vaiudza zvaitika munzvimbo dzakawanda dzokunamatira muRussia. Chaizvoizvo mumakore wekutanga vamiririri kuna Mwari zviremera Yakabata zvose zvinokosha uye zvinhu muchechi ndiro. Apo temberi pakupedzisira kuvharwa, kunoshamisa kuvake akakurudzirwa Chechi Dormition muna Vishniac, uye kana akarega kushanda, icon hwakatamisirwa Tretyakov Gallery, mari iyo iri kuchengeta kusvikira nhasi. Muna 1929, nzvimbo iyi yakanga yakaparadzwa, uye chivako rakavakwazve mhiri kukudzwa, zvichiita kuti ive musha zororo. Over yose Soviet nguva nayo nepekugara uye maindasitiri kwakavakirwa, uye mumwe transformer substation, uye mumakirasi. Fully akapendwa masvingo uye stucco zvemaoresa zvakaparadzwa. Marwadzo mwoyo unopfachukira pamunoona mifananidzo mutemberi mumakore iwayo.

kuberekwazve

Mumakore akatevera kugadzirisa, machechi akawanda Russian Orthodox vakanga vadzokera vatendi. A nguva dzakaitika njere. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vamutsidzirwezve kuti emakore utsinye kuparadzwa. A rubatsiro zvikuru ichi, uye vane masimba vehurumende uye siyana nemasangano paruzhinji munyika. Restorers akapinda mutemberi blachernitissa Mother Tsvene Kuzminki. Akanga akanyorwa mazita zvinhu zvinofanira kutanga kudzorerwa. Iye rinotarisira basa murongedzeri TEKSTO Vorontsova. Kwemakore matatu vavaki uye restorers vakadzokera chechi yaro yepakutanga chitarisiko. Muna 1995 akanga vatsvene, uyewo machechi akawanda yeOrthodox yeRussia.

The upenyu kereke nhasi

Nhasi, temberi ndicho chikamu chikuru rechitendero uye tsika pakati. Kana anomhanyira Svondo chikoro uye kuchikoro catechesis vakuru nevana. Uyezve, pane raibhurari, mukova wakazaruka kune vose. Ari oga chivako iri nepokuongorora baptistery Fonts nevakura. Kufanana nemachechi akawanda dzeChechi yeOrthodox, rakava nzvimbo vose vanogona kuwana ruzivo pamusoro zvinokosha Orthodoxy, kwemakumi akawanda emakore, anenge akavharwa kuti vakawanda.