Tsime Bakhchisarai: chairwo pombi dzemvura magadzirirwo kana kudanana hunhu?

Chitubu Bakhchisarai, kana sezvazvakanyorwa wakanzi "tsime remisodzi", yakavakwa muna 1764 maererano mapurani Persian Omer specialized pakuvaka hwomutambarakede zvivako nokuda simba. Zvakaoma kutaura sei mumiriri Shiite Iran ndokuenda basa umwe satellites of Turkish - Crimean Khan. Chokwadi ndechokuti daka kweTurkey uye Iran (Persia) asina chete rezvematongerwo enyika, asi pfungwa nemidzi. Hukuru muna Iran, Shia Islam akanga zvimwe yezvouMwari kusiyana pakati Sunni, vakagamuchirwa muna hweTurkey dzaro vatsigiri uye vanotongwa. Kuzivisa mumwe kuti vanyengeri, nyika mbiri dzakanga kusingaperi hondo kubva pakutanga navatanhatu remakore. Zvisinei, sezvo forties ari namasere remakore akauya semidesyatipyatiletnee chibvumirano. Zvichida kushandisa kwavo, yakakurumbira mapurani Persian vakaenda Crimea, uye akava "mueni mushandi", kuumba chishamiso diki - The Tsime Bakhchisarai.

Bakhchisaray, kuitika Crimean remunharaunda muzinda kare, yaiva guta guru iri Crimean Khanate, achaunza dambudziko kuchamhembe vavakidzani vavo - Russia, Ukraine uye ari Commonwealth. Krymchaks akaita vachirwisa panyika kuCaucasus.

In Bakhchisaray aiva yakagara Crimean Khan - mumuzinda wakanaka munguva yedu akanyorwa mazita Zvivako wenyika kukosha tsika. Mukuedza akapinza muvhu ravo pfungwa paradhiso, vaMuslim ezvivako akasika "Palace Orchard" (sezvo rinoshandurwa kubva kuna Crimean Tatar mutauro zita reguta Bakhchisaray). Zvino guta chikwereti chacho Kuonekwa pakutanga kuvakwa yamambo. Apo pakutanga nemitanhatu remakore, aiita Crimean Khan kuvhara ake zvino-zvazvingava, akasarudza kuvaka chitsva.

The Khan wacho Palace iri zvitubu maviri. Mumwe wavo anonzi "yendarama" nokuda ndarama yakanamirwa pamifananidzo chishongo inomirira mubindu reEdheni. Yechipiri anonzi "tsime remisodzi" nemhaka kudanana ngano kuti vakanzwa Pushkin munguva yake Crimean rwendo. Maererano nengano, mumwe madzimai Khan nduru mumwe, kuti tenzi kuCrimea yakanga kumutsigira. Kushungurudza kufirwa Khan uye vakamuudza kuti avake "tsime remisodzi". Nemhaka tarenda Pushkin, nyaya iyi iri tinoshandurirwa inonyatsozivikanwa basa, richitsanangura kunetsana Zarema Georgians uye Litovki Marii akagumisa rufu yokupedzisira.

"Tsime remisodzi" aiva mabhuku zita "The Tsime Bakhchisarai" musoro nhetembo. Apo Pushkin paakashanyira Bakhchisaray, akanga ari maviri ake, zvikuru kudanana zera. Sezvo Alexander aivawo nyanduri, kuti ari kudanana miviri, kuti vanzwe nyaya kugona kukundikana kufadza kwaari, aisagona kusika munhu detembo pamusoro The Tsime Bakhchisarai! Pushkin akanyora diki basa makore maviri. Iye kudzidza muna 1823, uye muna 1824 zvakanzi rakabudiswa.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti maererano mapurani Tsime Bakhchisarai hapana yepakutanga, zvivako kwakadai zvakakurumbira munyika vaMuslim. The akakurumbira kupenda Karla Bryullova, akanyorwa achifuridzirwa Pushkin nhetembo, anopa kururama zvachose nepfungwa pezvakaita reTsime, izvo chokwadi ndechokuti wakafanana hwokufananidzira pamasikiro pombi.

Asi kuti simba tenzi! Ndosaka honorary wenyaya "muvambi ano Russian mutauro chaiko", maererano mabhuku akawanda, akanga paakavapa ari Pushkin! Tsime Bakhchisarai anoonga tarenda shasha kubva zvake vanzwe nzvimbo mapurani rava chiratidzo romanticism.