Social mamiriro

Society rinoumbwa dzakawanda dzakasiyana zvinhu zviri kugara kusakarongeka - kubvira nomumwe, magariro masangano munharaunda huru. izvi zvose rwuripowo pfungwa mumagariro mamiriro. Nemamwe mashoko kutaura, zvanzi zvikamu, zvinhu akanyora vanhu uye voruzhinji ukama uye mukukurukurirana ivo. Nokufamba evanhu, nguva yokutanga pfungwa sechivako kwenzanga kushandisa Herbert Spencer, akanzwisisa ichi izwi mudanga ukama pakati evanhu Muviri wayo mumwe zvikamu avo. Ari, kazhinji, vanhu chinofananidzwa muviri. By H. Spencer, mumagariro mamiriro - nzira iyi, iyo nzvimbo interconnected dzichipfekeka zvinhu uye ukama pakati pavo, pokubatana womukati chinhu hurongwa.

Pane tsanangudzo dzakawanda izwi. Somuenzaniso, mumwe wavo; evanhu maumbirwo - imwe nzira interconnection uye kudyidzana pakati zvinhu, kureva vanhu vane pachena zvinzvimbo (statuses) uye kuita chaizvo mabasa (mabasa). Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti chinhu chikuru tsanangudzo iyi - zvinhu yokukurukurirana uye kudyidzana. Kana, somuenzaniso, imwe tsanangudzo kuti anofunga akaturikidzana kana strata nzanga: evanhu Murongerwo ari kutaridza paruzhinji zvepamusoro, interconnected uye kuwirirana, hierarchically akarayira maererano stratification yavo.

The ehupfumi kwemarongerwe evanhu mamiriro anogona kunzi zvichienderana zvinotevera variables:

1. kudyidzana.

2. dzose.

3. inokosha chipimo.

4. kuona matambudziko pamusoro empirically kuchengetwa chinonakidza.

Social mamiriro sezvo hurongwa - iri nzira interconnection subsystems kuti anosangana mariri uye nechokwadi nokuvimbika kwayo. Chii subsystems vanobatanidzwa munzvimbo ino? Social mamiriro zvinosanganisira vanhu rimwe boka revanhu (nharaunda), vakabatanidzwa vamwe chokuratidza, kubatana kwavo, ukama uye mukukurukurirana, masangano akasiyana uye masangano, mapoka, vemunharaunda, mitemo, tsika, uye zvakawanda. Mumwe nomumwe zvinhu izvi, mativi mamiriro anogona kuva imwe ukama nevamwe, nenzvimbo imwe nzvimbo uye kuti kutamba chairo basa revanhukadzi.

The kupfuura hwakadzama kuongorora evanhu mamiriro wakapiwa Karl Marx, uyo akaratidza kuti enyika, tsika uye zvechitendero muupenyu kuvimba kwadzinoita kugadzirwa. Aiona kuti zvoupfumi nechigadziko kunotema kuti pfungwa netsika superstructure kwenzanga. Vateveri uye vadzidzi Karl Marx zvinganaka neimwewo mafungiro, kukurukura tsika, zvematongerwo enyika uye pfungwa sangano nekaupenyu zvionera uye novimba zvoupfumi zvinoriumba chete pakupedzisira.

Asi funga Karl Marx uye vateveri vake pamusoro evanhu hukama marongerwo kwenzanga haasi chete. Saka, Durkheim akanyora, zvikurukuru, kuti magariro zvikoro kuridza basa rinokosha mune kusangana munzanga, kuunganidzwa dzakasiyana zvikamu zvaro pamwe chete. Iye akasarudzwa mhando mbiri STRUCTURAL ukama: mechanistic uye makemikari yokubatana. Weber akadzidza uye inoitwa kuongorora kuti masangano urongwa munzanga: kumusika, muboka revatungamiriri uye zvematongerwo enyika.

T. Parsons anotenda kuti Company iri rinokosha mhando magariro, iyo ine yakakwirira azvipire specialization uye kugutsikana. Functional kubatana kwenzanga sezvo nehurongwa pakutsvaga evanhu subsystems, iye anonzi upfumi (kwadzakabva), zvematongerwe (tseledostizheniya), tsika (mharidzo yokuzvigadzirisa). Integrative chete vanhu basa iri pakutsvaga hurongwa "societal nharaunda" ina kunyanya pamutemo marongerwo.